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The Water Supply and Distribution System of the Nabataean City ... ... Petra was formally annexed into the Roman Empire in AD 106 under Trajan. Throughout this period, caravan trade from Arabia, Africa and the East, with Petra as a key intersection node, sustained the ... Although no traces of this connection have been excavated, pipeline fragments in the area suggest this connection. From a systems point of view, the Zurraba reservoir served principally to maintain ... owing to internal wall friction. This generic observation was made in the early centuries AD (Vitruvius 1999: '. . . for a supply reservoir water height, long pipe lengths (containing full flow) diminish water transport amounts due to (cumulative) internal flow resistance effects . . .'; this result has been computationally verified (Ortloff & Crouch 2001; Fig. 2) to quantify Vitruvius's comment. ... The construction of the Siq pipeline system is generally attributed to Malichus II or his predecessors, Aretas IV or Obodas III, in the first century BC or early first century AD (Guzzo & Schneider ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-water-supply-of-petra-charles-r-ortloff-2005.htm

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The Exodus Route: The Archaeology of Mt. Lawz as Mt. Sinai ... This shows that rainfall levels during the Nabatean period were much higher than today. The Wilderness of Shur is Agatharchides' "large plain" located is directly west of the Straits of Tiran SE or Al Bad: "After what is called the Laeanites Gulf [of Aqaba], around which Arabs live, is the ... It is entirely possible that some Unicorn Internet Archeologist (UIA) visited the site and engaged in archaeological terrorism by adding stones into the 5 door opening to create one continuous wall because it better fit his preconceived delusion that these were animal chutes. The author excavated one of the largest first century cities (Ephraim of John 11) in Israel at Khirbet el-Maqatir until the site closed in ... evidence, Glen Fritz concludes that both the quarry and the unfinished marble columns were the work of diaspora Jews who began to build a memorial synagogue or temple to commemorate Moses sacrificial altar (L-shaped building) and his receiving the Law at Mt. Sinai but never finished it. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-mt-sinai.htm

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The Dugger-Porter Debate on Sunday as the Lord's Day The Scriptures teach that the seventh day of the week as a Christian Sabbath is enjoined upon God's people in this age of the world. DUGGER'S FIRST AFFIRMATIVE We believe the Scriptures teach that ... It was Paul's manner to meet with both Jews and Gentiles, as it says here, on the Sabbath day. Furthermore, in chapter 18:1-ll we read: "And he reasoned in the synagogue every Sabbath and persuaded ... The Sabbath which was the seventh day of the week was consequently observed by Paul and his followers, both Jews and Gentiles, at this period of the gospel age about 66 A.D. It therefore is the day ... was telling the people of Judea to pray that their flight would not be on the Sabbath day, and not to those just in Jerusalem, and there was no wall around the country of Judea, or no closed gates. ... And when these things begin to come to pass, look up and lift up your heads for your redemption draweth nigh. And he spake a parable, Behold the fig tree and all the trees. When they now shoot forth ... ... https://www.bible.ca/7-debate-porter-dugger.htm

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Mt. Sinai located in Arabia: Galatian 4:25 ... It shared the prosperity of the other towns of the Negev in the Late Nabatean Period, and to this period pertains about one third of the development." (AYBD, Sobata) Mampsis, Maps, Mapsis, Kurnub ... first century. Historically, Arish was the border between Egypt and Israel where the River of Egypt in Gen 15:18 is the Wadi el-Arish. IV. In AD 36, Apostle Paul escapes Aretas IV in Damascus and visits Mt. Sinai: 2 Cor 11:32-33 "In Damascus the ethnarch under Aretas the king was guarding the city of the Damascenes in order to seize me, and I was let down in a basket through a window in the wall, ... Petra was also the location of ancient Kadesh Barnea. Coins of Aretas IV issued from AD 18-39: The author excavated this coin of Aretas at Khirbet El-Maqatir (Ephraim of John 11) in December 2013 Cav1 ... The translation of the Septuagint was the seed that spawned the Synagogue system in 280 BC in Alexandria when spiritually thirsty diaspora Jews gathered in homes to read their new Greek Torah for the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-Mount-Sinai-in-Arabia-exodus-route-Nabatean-kingdom-territory-AretasIV-Arabia-Petrea-New-Testamt-Mt-Sinai-Lawz-Ishmael-Apostle-Paul-36AD-Galatians-4-25.htm

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Elijah and Elisha Chronology timeline 870-810 BC ... The 9th century BC illustrates in the clearest terms, God's blessings for worshipping him and God's destruction for worshipping idols. c. The contrast of living conditions during this most ideal period of the two kingdoms of Judah and Israel ... 8:1 11. Elijah and Elisha are the primary source for the numbers 3, 3.5, 7 in ancient Jewish writings: a. The book of Daniel: see details on Daniel draws on the numbers from Elijah. b. First century Jewish synagogue songbook: see details: Songs of Sabbath Sacrifice. ... Ahab built his ivory palace in Samaria and the Phoenician ivory motifs excavated from the palace where Jezebel lived, invoke of the goddess Astarte who also lived in a Phoenician palace as a sacred prostitute. Jezebel's actions of painting her ... Jezebel in the gate tower of Jezreel with "painted eyes looking through the window" (2 Ki 9:30) is a common pagan motif found on Ivory carvings in Samaria and Egyptian stone stele and wall paintings, etc. The woman is thought to be a sacred ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/chronology/bible-chronology-timeline-Elijah-Elisha-John-the-Baptist-Jesus-types-antitypes-870-810BC.htm

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The New Testament Jewish Sects: Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes ... ... c) their influence: Apart from the short time known as the Hasmonean/Maccabean (134 - 63 B.C.) and Herodian (c. 40 B.C. - A.D. 100) periodsB which includes the life of ChristB these groups seem to have had little influence even in Judaism. ... That is, they didn= t believe in a resurrection to an angel or a spirit or that they denied the elaborate angelology and demonology popular since the days of the Maccabees. Cf. Ferguson 486-87.) Josephus concurs that they denied A the immortal ... A Essenes@ might mean A holy ones@ or A pious ones@ (Evans 343). Another possibility is A healers@ (Bruce 82). Initiation into the group required a three year probation period of three stages: the first year the initiate lived entirely outside the Essene community but ... By the time of Jesus, it had become the custom in the synagogue for someone to read from the Law and then give an interpretation. Jesus conformed to this tradition in Luke 4:14-30. But Jesus challenged their ungodly traditions and their ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/d-jewish-sects-pharisees-sadducees-essenes-zealots.htm

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Historical search for Kadesh Barnea from 1000 BC - Present ... As they excavated the site, they were unaware that they were actually digging up a fortress built by Solomon in 950 BC to protect Judah's southern border, they falsely assumed the building was present at the time of Moses. 2004 AD - present: A restoration, by the author, of the true exodus route that the first century Christians believed, including the location of Mt. Sinai (Jebel Al-Lawz), the ... While the time scale of these archeologists is off by a factor of 5x, (2000 BC not 10,000 BC) the facts of archeology show a Hebrew presence. "Even before the historical period, however, the Petra ... But just as the separation of the mountains of the Amorites from the northern wall of the Azazimat, by the Wady Murreh, is concealed by the link which connects the two together to the east of Eboda; ... A carpet of grass covered the ground. Fig trees, laden with fruit nearly ripe enough for eating, were along the shelter of the southern hillside. Shrubs and flowers showed themselves in variety and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-historical-search.htm

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The Temple in Jerusalem over the threshing floor which is presently ... ... While the Jews of Hadrian's time may have been looking for the story of 2 Maccabees conclude with a similar victory for the Jews, Hadrian was likely reminded of the same 2 Macc. text to make sure the ... The Jews dug up the foundations of and excavated the temple mount. In May 363 AD an earthquake that caused an explosion of underground gases on the temple mount, ended the Jewish efforts to rebuild ... Jerome wrote in 400 AD: "From the time of Hadrian to the reign of Constantine-a period of about one hundred and eighty years [Hadrian died in 138 A.D.; Constantine became Emperor in 306 A.D.] -the ... on Isaiah ii. 8 and on Matt. xxiv. 15), and the inscription which was cut on its base is still recognizable on a large stone built upside down into the south wall of the Haram near the Double Gate. ... The hexagon shaped "forecourt" was of less importance. They really had no idea where the Temple once stood, but built the Dome first, on what appeared to be the Temple. The Dome of the Rock is unique ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-jerusalem-temple-mount-threshing-floor.htm

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690-570 BC: Egyptian Pharaohs of Babylonian Captivity: Tirhakah ... ... From Egypt, a depiction of King Narmer shows a prisoner attached by a rope through his nose (ANEP, fig. 296). Similarly in the Mesopotamian creation epic Enuma elish, the god Ea lays hold of his captive Mummu, "holding him by the nose-rope" (ANET, 61b, line 72)." (World Biblical ... So we are led to the time before the beginning of the siege of Jerusalem (cf. 24:1f*)." (Hermeneia, Ezekiel 17:1-24, 1979 AD) h. "Although Ezekiel's original audience would have immediately understood the allegory, God nevertheless provides an oracular interpretation of it. The first eagle ... After Alexander the Great died in 323 BC, his kingdom split into four kingdoms, one of which was founded by Egyptian Ptolemy. c. The Ptolemaic empire controlled Judah 323 - 31 BC with the exception of the brief period of Judean independence between 110 - 37 BC under the Maccabees. d. Mark Anthony kills Antigonus in 37 BC, extincting the Hasmonean/Maccabean kingdom of Judah. e. The Ptolemaic kingdom was conquered by ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-Egyptian-Pharaohs-kings-Psammetichus-I-Neco-II-Psamtik-II-Hophra-Apries-babylonian-captivity-Nebuchadnezzar-Josiah-Zedekiah-664-570BC.htm

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Quattuordecim (XIV): Ezra Translated the Paleo-Hebrew manuscripts ... ... Then Ezra the priest brought the law before the assembly of men, women and all who could listen with understanding, on the first day of the seventh month. He read from it before the square which was ... "There is no doubt that this distinct version of the Israelite Samaritan Torah originated during the most ancient period of the people of Israel." (The Israelite Samaritan version of the Torah, ... "Mt Gerizim and Ebal are opposite Gilgal, beside the oaks of Moreh" Many ancient Jewish and Christian literary sources like 2 Maccabees, 2 Esdras, Irenaeus, Clement and the Samaritan Chronicle Adler, ... In spite of this gap in their spiritual life, the Jews survived as a nation since they returned to the Torah as the main purpose of their existence. With the earliest emergence of the synagogue during ... Gerizim are two different places. d. Abraham built an altars at Khirbet el-Maqatir (archeological site excavated by the author): i. "Then he proceeded from there to the mountain on the east of Bethel, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Quattuordecim-Ezra-translates-Bible-manuscripts-Paleo-Hebrew-Masoretic-Aramaic-square-corrupted-deliberate-anti-Samaritan-Mt-Gerizim-Ebal-Joshuas-Altar-458BC.htm

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Petra, Jordan: Biblical Kadesh Barnea, Sela, Joktheel, En-mishpat ... ... Scripture explicitly says that Kadesh Barnea was on the border with Edom, yet Edom first moved west of the southern Arabah valley between Elat and the Salt Sea after 605 BC at the first invasion of ... As you walk the Siq, there are many fissures where water came out of the rock and joined the main flow. The Roman road that was recently excavated 15 feet below the current surface level which, proves ... The Nabateans found the site continued in the tradition started by the Hebrews of using it as a burial city. "The city underwent major construction in the period 50 BC to AD 100 during the reigns of ... Interestingly, we find just such a large civilization at Petra. "Flash floods: It rarely rains in Petra, but occasionally rain up to thirty miles away can send a wall of water hurtling through the Siq ... Modern communities of Jews in Canada and the USA have been known to buy land for a cemetery, before they buy land for a synagogue. It seems odd that they would call their "undertakers" and "funeral ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra.htm

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Assassination of Gedaliah July-Sept 587 BC: Bulla ... The idol worshipping faithless rejected the commands of the prophet, calling him a liar and it ended in their death. Those who hid in the Judean fields or fled to Ammon, Moab and Edom instead of "sitting on the 70 year time out bench" in Babylon as God commanded, violated ... The house of David ended when Johanan used Bethlehem as the staging ground and last point of departure before moving forever to Egypt. V. The Governors of Judea after Jerusalem was destroyed in 587 BC: After the period of the kings came to an end, Israel was under foreign control right down to 70 AD with the exception of the brief Hasmonean/Maccabean rule (166-37 AD). Gedaliah was the first post 597 BC Governor in a long line of governors of ... It was found in the sift from topsoil excavated near the W rim of the mound about 50 cm above the remains of a major public structure termed the Ammonite Citadel by the excavators. The seal impression itself (19 mm in diameter) was on the flat end of a fired ceramic cone ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-archeology-jeremiah-clay-bullae-seal-inscription-property-of-belonging-to-Gedaliah-who-is-over-the-house-Lachish-2-Kings-25-22-587bc.htm

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History of Temple Mount, Tabernacles of Moses, David and the ... ... tabernacle of David and they are fulfilled in the church. a. "In that day I will raise up the fallen booth of David, And wall up its breaches; I will also raise up its ruins And rebuild it as in the days of old; That they may possess the remnant ... Brass doors added in 1467. Persian tiles added by Suleiman. Lead sheathing to Dome, 1735 CE. Mosaic removed 1835, 1874 CE. c. 5277/ c. 1517 CE Ottoman Period Turkish rule 5206/c. 1546 CE Earthquake causes serious damage in Jerusalem. c. ... Jerusalem from Jebusite inhabitants 831 bce- King Solomon builds First Temple 421 bce- Babylonia destroys Temple 351 bce- Jews return from exile, second Temple built 332 bce- Macedonia- bce Alexander the Great conquers Jerusalem 301 bce -Egyptian Greek- Ptolmey grant Jews of Jerusalem autonomy 167 bce- Syrian Greek- Antiochus IV desecrates Temple 141 bce- Jews- Hasmonean Maccabees recapture Jerusalem 63 bce- Rome- Romans conquer Jerusalem, 12,000 Jews massacred 66 ce- Jewish Revolt again Rome 70 ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-jerusalem-temple-mount-history.htm

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Marriage in the Bible ... Just like today's legal documents, the ketubah was signed in triplicate where the father, the groom each got a copy and a third one was "filed" with the court (synagogue) with a seal to be broken only by a judge. Many copies ... about thirty thousand; (469) and they all met together at the walls of Jerusalem, and encamped at the north wall of the city, being now an army of eleven legions, armed men on foot, and six thousand horsemen, with other ... It was preceded by a betrothal that was much more binding than is an engagement in modern societies. It was really the first stage of marriage, and it took divorce proceedings to dissolve it. At the end of the betrothal period the marriage took place, on a Wednesday if the bride was a virgin and on a Thursday if she was a ... the bridal procession) with timbrels, and minstrels, and many weapons." (1 Maccabees 9:37-39) III. The proof of virginity cloth: Would you pass the "test of virginity" on your wedding night or be stoned in the morning? ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/marriage/ancient-jewish-three-stage-weddings-and-marriage-customs-ceremony-in-the-bible.htm

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Lovesick, a romantic novel. Commentary on Song of Solomon, Canticles ... ... From the two remaining letters of the inscription, archeologists have dated the construction to the "first temple period" (967-587 BC). While archeologists generally date the letters to the late temple period (Hezekiah etc.) there is no reason why this cannot be the original tomb Solomon may have prepared for her, in ... formed a marriage alliance with Pharaoh king of Egypt, and took Pharaoh's daughter and brought her to the city of David until he had finished building his own house and the house of the Lord and the wall around Jerusalem. ... appeared in the land; The time has arrived for pruning the vines, And the voice of the turtledove has been heard in our land. 'The fig tree has ripened its figs, And the vines in blossom have given forth their fragrance. ... Silly things like going on early morning hikes just to see if the flowers have bloomed or going pollywog hunting or ice skating on a frozen pond under an eclipsing moon or cuddling on a bench in a park and counting the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-maps-timeline-chronology-song-of-solomon-song-canticles-abishag-shepherd-boy-love-triangle-960bc.htm

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Lunar Eclipses at birth and death of Christ: 1 BC and 3 April ... ... space into the optically denser atmosphere of the Earth, rays of light are deviated, in accordance with the law of refraction, towards the vertical (see Fig. 3.3). This is known as atmospheric refraction. ... (Num 19:11-12). 10. After the end of the mourning period there was the customary feast in honor of the dead. 11. After the funeral feast was over Archelaus as the new king held an audience for the people. ... Rodger Young in: A Chronological Note: The Return of the Exiles under Sheshbazzar and Zerubbabel, Andy Steinmann, JETS 51:3, p513-522, 2008 AD) a. The first sabbatical year was 1400 BC until the Babylonian captivity of 587 BC. b. From the return to captivity in 533 BC, down to 70 AD there were sabbatical years mentioned in 1 Maccabees 6:49,53 and Antiquities 14.475. We can connect ... The years of reign were by the civil calendar that began in Tishri (footnote 83). On page 9: 16 years of Hasmonean reign ended on the Day of Atonement in 36 BC. This is consistent with the year in which ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/jesus-christ-died-death-cross-eclipse-red-blood-moon-sun-darkness-earthquake-bodies-raised-resurrection-temple-veil-torn-in-two-centurian-son-of-god-3-april-33AD.htm

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Bulwarks of the Faith Foy E Wallace JR. Refuting Dogmas Catholicism ... ... Thus we have in the New Testament counterpart: period number one, the era of perfection; period number two, the era of departure; period number three, the era of apostasy, the Dark Ages. As Babylon was the midnight of Hebrew history, in ... An example of this attitude is found in the ancient case of Nehemiah, the basis of our whole line of discussion to-day. The Samaritans at the first regarded Nehemiah's ef-fort to rebuild the broken wall of Jerusalem as too feeble to oppose. They ignored him. They scoffed. But when they saw ... officers in charge of the Army and Navy, and judges on the bench; muzzled the mouth of statesmen, editors, and preachers; has plotted to destroy our government, and required her subjects to swear allegiance to a foreign power. ... There is no such thing as total depravity. There is no such thing as original sin. The Bible teaches none of that-they are fig-ments of theological imagination. But that idea formed the basis of the Roman Catholic dogma of baptismal ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/catholic/Catholic-church-doctrine-Bulwarks-of-the-Faith-Foy-E-Wallace-JR-Refuting-Dogmas-Catholicism-Protestant-Denominationalism-1951AD.htm

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Comparison list of 26 Moses/Paul Shadows, Types, Antitypes and ... Sinai 1. The primary typology between Moses and Paul is that both are scripture writers of the canon a. Moses wrote the first five books of the Bible that were the sole written authority in Israel ... Moses was a Hebrew foreigner born in Goshen who became Pharaoh's son and heir to the throne of Egypt, who lived in the palaces of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak and the three palaces excavated at Tel ... Paul in AD 38: "In Damascus the ethnarch under Aretas the king was guarding the city of the Damascenes in order to seize me, and I was let down in a basket through a window in the wall, and so escaped ... Moses: "Our fathers were unwilling to be obedient to him, but repudiated him and in their hearts turned back to Egypt," (Acts 7:39) b. Paul: "And he was reasoning in the synagogue every Sabbath and ... and that He may send Jesus, the Christ appointed for you, whom heaven must receive until the period of restoration of all things about which God spoke by the mouth of His holy prophets from ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/prophecy/Messianic-prophecy-Moses-Apostle-Paul-Christ-types-shadows-antitypes-similarities-comparisons-1446BC-AD36.htm

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Seventh Day Adventist Church controversy: The Arrest and Trial ... ... person to worship God according to the dictates of his own conscience, under his own vine and fig tree." 27 Dammon did not get off, as Gordon suggests, "because there was such conflicting testimony"; or, as Mrs. ... We believed her,..." One this point and at that time Ellen Harmon was no hypocrite. She was first baptized at the age of fourteen on June 26, 1842, in Casco Bay. 56 Later, James White wrote, she received "baptism at my hands, at an early period of her experience." 57 And she preached from vision what she practiced - at least into 1850. On July 19 of that ... Ellen White later wrote in agreement. Including herself among the 144,000 she stated: "Then it was that the synagogue of Satan ["fallen Adventists," who had given up 1844 as a mistake, and "the nominal ... Months later, in Randolph, Massachusetts, Ellen Harmon spent most of four hours "in vision...inclined backward against the wall in the corner of the room." Mrs. White was quoting Otis Nichols for her description ... ... https://www.bible.ca/7-arrest-trial-israel-dammon.htm

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In Darkest England and the Way Out, William Booth 1890 AD ... of the survival of the fittest to try to save the weakest from going to the wall, and who believe that when once a man is down the supreme duty of a self-regarding Society is to jump upon him. ... The borders of this great lost land are not sharply defined. They are continually expanding or contracting. Whenever there is a period of depression in trade, they stretch; when prosperity returns, ... The death of the bread-winner, a long illness, a failure in the City, or any one of a thousand other causes which might be named, will bring within the first circle those who at present imagine ... where those whom we have rescued and trained will live, if not under their own vine and fig tree, at least in the midst of their own little fruit farm, and surrounded by their small flocks and herds. ... She passed seven years in prison, and after the last offence was discharged with seven years' police supervision. Failing to report herself, she was brought before the bench. The magistrate inquired ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/psychiatry/in-darkest-england-and-the-way-out-william-booth-1890ad.htm

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Synagogue Basilica and Byzantine Church Octagonal Architecture Synagogue Basilica and Byzantine Church Octagonal Architecture Architectural Similarities between Ancient Synagogues and the Church Christians borrowed from Jewish synagogues, not the other way around. Standardized Architectural Synagogue Signature Typology Synagogue Architecture adopted by the Christian Church Floorplans and Furnishings of Pre-70 AD Second Temple Period synagogues OCTAGONAL AND BASILICA BYZANTINE CHURCH ARCHITECTURE Post 300 AD: Byzantine church building architecture: Octagonal vs. Basilica 1. The first formal church buildings were Byzantine: a. There are a few cryptic literary references to church buildings in the ... While the synagogue was used for civic meetings, hostel etc, these functions were absent from the church for 300 years. 3. When the Byzantines churches were of two basic types: "Coenobium" and "Laura" (lavra). a. "Coenobium": For example the monastery at Khirbet El-Maqatir which the author excavated many seasons, was typical of the Coenobium type ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Byzantine-Churches-Octagonal-Basilica-Architectural-ancient-Synagogue-pre-70AD-standardized-typology-design-incorporated-copied-adopted-similarities.htm

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Freewill Weekly Collections for Benevolence In Synagogues: First ... Synagogue worship was the prototype for Christian Church. WEEKLY FREEWILL COLLECTIONS FOR BENEVOLENCE IN SYNAGOGUES A. Weekly freewill collections sent annually to Jerusalem: 1. Dating to 250 BC the Delos synagogue of Samaritans inscription sent first fruits to the temple on Mt. Gerizim. a. The two inscriptions were found together on the shore 90 meters from the excavated synagogue. b. Both use the phrase "first fruits" to describe their collection of money sent to the Samaritan Temple at Mt. Gerizim. 2. The imperial decree for Delos 54 BC: "Caius Caesar, our ... Allusions: Synagogue worship allusions and imagery in the New Testament Master builder Stonemason Jesus: "Upon this Rock I will build My church" Everyday life: Archeology of Everyday Life and Homes at the time of Jesus Master List: Master list of First Temple Period, Pre-70 AD Synagogues Attend a church you can read about in the Bible: Click here to find a church near you. By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the author for comments, input ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Freewill-Weekly-Collection-ancient-Synagogue-money-Benevolence-First-fruit-gold-Jerusalem-widow-orphan-Jews-Christians-only-Church-worship-patterned-prototype.htm

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Ancient synagogues of the Bible: Ephesus Synagogue: 43 BC Ancient Synagogue Literary Sources Ancient synagogues of the Bible: Ephesus Synagogue: 43 BC Discussion: 1. "Literary sources only": a. No Synagogue has been located or excavated in Ephesus. b. No Ephesus synagogue inscriptions have ever been found. 2. Literary source #1: The infallible, inspired and historically inerrant NEW TESTAMENT a. Paul's First missionary journey: "They came to Ephesus, and he left them there. Now he himself entered the synagogue and reasoned with the Jews. When they asked him to stay for a longer time, he did not consent, but taking leave of them and saying, "I will ... Allusions: Synagogue worship allusions and imagery in the New Testament Master builder Stonemason Jesus: "Upon this Rock I will build My church" Everyday life: Archeology of Everyday Life and Homes at the time of Jesus Master List: Master list of First Temple Period, Pre-70 AD Synagogues Attend a church you can read about in the Bible: Click here to find a church near you. By Steve Rudd 2017: ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ephesus-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-apostle-Paul-43bc.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-did-i-excavate ... ... Ein el-Qudeirat had three fortresses: (built and destroyed three times) Our archaeological excavations have revealed the ruins of three Iron Age (Israelite) fortresses on the tell, each, except for the first, built over its predecessor. These fortresses date from the tenth to the sixth centuries B.C. and provide important data which help flesh out the tangled history of this period. Youngest of three fortresses: 700 BC (top layer, first excavated) The uppermost, and therefore latest, fortress at Kadesh-Barnea is rectangular, about 200 feet long and 135 feet wide. The walls of this fortress consist of casemates, that is, a double wall with irregularly placed cross-walls which form rooms for storage or living. These rooms are between 15 and 30 feet long. Large towers project from each corner of the fortress and smaller towers were built in the middle of each of the four sides. Rough-hewn local limestone blocks were used to construct the fortress. The fortress interior was densely built ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-did-i-excavate-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-bar-1981ad.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Capernaum 30 AD ... D. Excavation details: 1. "The excavations date this early synagogue (I) to the first century CE, based on the pottery found under and in the cobbled basalt pavement. Thus, the excavations prove that the synagogue (II) of the fourth-fifth centuries CE at Capernaum was erected above an earlier first-century basalt synagogue, somewhat similar in plan to both the later Capernaum synagogue and the other Second Temple period synagogues. Corbo (1982:Photos 1, 2, 5, 8, 10) maintains that the basalt wall belonged to the first-century synagogue, whereas Loffreda ascribes it to a level between the first-century pavement and the Late Roman synagogue (Loffreda 1992:826). While Corbo believes that all the basalt remains were part of a single structure, Loffreda (1993:49; 1997:239) proposes a two-phase development for the earlier synagogue, including a renovation sometime between the 2nd and 4th centuries, before it was replaced by the limestone edifice in the 5th century CE. " (Ancient Synagogues - ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Capernaum-bible-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-basalt-foundation-peters-house-paralytic-manna-demon-healed-30ad.htm

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Collective Names of Synagogues: House of Prayer, Temple, Church Col 4:2 ; 1 Tim 2:1; 1 Peter 4:7 Church Ekklesia Philo Special Laws I.325 Rom 16:16; Tit 2:14; Acts 20:28 House Oikos 3 Maccabees 4:17-18 1 Timothy 3:15 Sanctuary, Temple Heiron, Naos: church (different word same meaning) 3 Maccabees 2:28 (Heiron) 1 Cor 3:11; Eph 2:21 (Naos) Acts 2:46 first communion in Jerusalem Temple C. Synagogue "collective" names: "place of prayer" (Greek: proseuche) 1. Proseuche is the first meaning given to a synagogue that continued to 70 AD. 2. Used in the New Testament: "place of prayer" (proseuche) a. Philippi ... Allusions: Synagogue worship allusions and imagery in the New Testament Master builder Stonemason Jesus: "Upon this Rock I will build My church" Everyday life: Archeology of Everyday Life and Homes at the time of Jesus Master List: Master list of First Temple Period, Pre-70 AD Synagogues Attend a church you can read about in the Bible: Click here to find a church near you. By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Names-Collective-House-Prayer-Synagogue-proseuche-Sanctuary-Temple-first-century-early-Christian-Church-New-Testament-worship-patterned-prototype-ancient.htm

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Synagogue allusions in the New Testament ... C. Allusions to first century Synagogue Architecture: 1. Moses Seat and Synagogue triclinium bench seating: a. "My brethren, do not hold your faith in our glorious Lord Jesus Christ with an attitude of personal favoritism. For if a man comes into your assembly [synagogue] with a gold ring and dressed in fine clothes, and there also comes in a poor man in dirty clothes, and you pay special attention to the one who is wearing the fine clothes, and say, "You sit here in a good place," and you say to the poor man, "You stand over there, ... Allusions: Synagogue worship allusions and imagery in the New Testament Master builder Stonemason Jesus: "Upon this Rock I will build My church" Everyday life: Archeology of Everyday Life and Homes at the time of Jesus Master List: Master list of First Temple Period, Pre-70 AD Synagogues Attend a church you can read about in the Bible: Click here to find a church near you. By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections Go to: ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/synagogue-worship-New-Testament-allusions-symbolism-antitypes-church-moses-seat-baptism-mikveh-foot-washing.htm

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Messianic Bible Prophecy Fulfilled: Daniel 12 Abomination of ... The conclusion is that Luke interpreted the abomination to be fulfilled when Jerusalem surrounded. b. 28th August AD 66: Manahem arrives at Jerusalem and surrounds the city fulfilling Lk 21:20 but is killed on 15th September AD 66. (Wars 2.433-440) This was likely when the second wave the Christians fled the city. The first Christians would have left when they first read the book of Revelation in ... Temple liberated and sacrifices restored: 14th December 164 BC: "And they rose early in the morning of the 25th of the 9th month, this is the month Chislev, the 148th year, and they offered up sacrifices according to the law on the altar for the burnt offerings, the new one that they made." (1 Maccabees 4:52-53) e. The period of time recorded in 1 Maccabees is three full 365-day years plus 8 days and equals a grand total of 1103 days. Daniel said it was only 1150 days. f. The author has excavated many Antiochus IV coins at Khirbet el-Maqaitir and Shiloh. 4. Differences in the two ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/prophecy/Daniel12-Abomination-Desolation-quad-messianic-bible-prophecy-Midrashic-Antiochus-IV-167BC-Titus-AD70-Islam-Second-coming-Rev20-7.htm

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Stele, inscriptions, manuscripts, scrolls, codex, New Testament ... written in the 6th century BC, not 150 BC as the skeptics suggest because execution in an industrial kiln was unknown during the Hasmonean era. Babylonian furnace of fire tablet Origin of the Philistines from Crete 1. Egyptian Reliefs at the mortuary temple of Medinet Habu in Thebes of Rameses III that document the world uprising of the Philistines in 1177 BC. 2. Sling stones excavated in Israel 3. Philistine Pentapolis at the time of Moses Full outline on the Origin of the Philistines Origin of Synagogues in 280 BC in Alexandria Egypt Origin of Synagogues "The Septuagint was Synagogue seed" See also: How the Septuagint gave birth to Synagogues in 280 BC Pharaoh's of the Babylonian Captivity: 690 - 526 BC Psamtik I ... HEBREW: THE WORLD'S OLDEST ALPHABET The Four Hebrew Alphabet Scripts: Hebrew is the world's oldest alphabet from which English is derived. Its official! The world's first authentic inscription that names Moses of the Exodus! Melqart Stele of Ben-Hadad II, king of Aram: ... ... https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/welcome.htm

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The Fortresses King Solomon Built to Protect His Southern Border ... ... All three plans, while they differ in shape, consist of casemate walls enclosing a central courtyard. The most common plan is the oval. We now know of 11 oval fortresses. Let me describe in more detail one of these, which I excavated in the spring of 1983. We call it Mesudat Nahal Aqrav. The first word means "fortress" in Hebrew. Aqrav, as I shall call it here, is surrounded by a casemate wall, which is a wall formed by two parallel walls subdivided into rooms by transverse walls. The inner and outer casemate walls of the fortress are two feet wide and were constructed with ... These simple and cheap utensils largely satisfied the daily needs of the local population, especially as cooking-pots. At the same time, a certain amount of the usual pottery of the period was imported from further north."11 Interesting as this Negbite pottery is, it cannot be used at the present time to date the Central Negev fortresses because it has such a wide chronological range. True, at one time, the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/fortresses-king-solomon-built-to-protect-his-southern-border-rudolph-cohen-1985ad.htm

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Report From The Committee On Madhouses In England, 1815 AD ... On Monday, the 2d of May, we re-visited the Hospital, introduced by Robert Calvert, Esquire, a governor, and accompanied by Charles Callis Western, Esquire, Member of Parliament for Essex, and four other gentlemen. At this first visit, attended by the steward of the Hospital and likewise by a female keeper, we first proceeded to visit the women's galleries: one of the side rooms contained about ten patients, each chained by one arm or leg to the wall; the chain allowing them merely to stand up by the bench or form fixed to the wall, or to sit down on it. The nakedness of each patient was covered by a ... Surgeon. How long had he been so? I do not know; he was surgeon when I came there. How long did he continue so, after he was in a situation to be generally insane and mostly drunk? I think the period of his insanity was about 10 years ago. And the period of his drunkenness? He always took too much wine. How long is it since he died? Perhaps a month ago. Then for ten years, Mr. Crowther ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/psychiatry/report-from-the-committee-on-madhouses-in-england-1815ad.htm

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Gilgal Although the site lacks permanent living quarters, it contains considerable pottery, the earliest of which dates to the 13th and 12th centuries B.C.E. and closely resembles pottery from the altar the author excavated on Mt. Ebal. In addition, the monumental size of el 'Unuq's enclosure wall suggests a fortification. This evidence supports the identification of el 'Unuq as a fortified camp from the early Iron I period, the period of Israel's earliest history in Canaan. . Professor Benjamin Mazar of the Hebrew University has further elaborated this idea. He identified the valley of Succoth at the ... I came back to Sellin's book, however, as I tried to understand an unusual site discovered when we were surveying the southern side of the Wadi Far'ah, a major valley that leads from Shechem, Mt. Ebal and Tirzah to the Jordan River. I vividly remember when we first saw this unusual site; it was a clear autumn day in 1985 when we came upon a large enclosure encircled by a wall nearly 6 feet ... ... https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-gilgal.htm

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597 BC: Arad Ostraca #40: Zedekiah and the Edomite invasion into ... ... An intrusive archeological object is a first century coin of Pilate in the center of a locus which unquestionably contains late bronze pottery. An intrusive archeological object a byzantine lamp in a first century locus. Intrusive archeological pottery is an early bronze pottery handle in a first century locus. Both Arad ... Arad #88 "Neco II appoints Jehoiakim" is intrusive because it clearly dated to 609 BC but was found on the surface which would generally date hundreds or thousands of years younger. What causes "intrusive" artifacts? Why are "intrusive" artifacts from one time period, professionally excavated from a locus or stratum of a different time period? It ... Burrowing animals: It is well documented by the IAA (Israeli Archeological Authority) that gophers will dig two meters down to bedrock and take with them coins which become intrusive finds for archeologists. At Khirbet el Maqatir, I have found first century coins (ER) in an Hasmonean (LH) locus (175 BC) and modern coins in ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-ostracon-Arad40-letters-edomite-threat-send-troops-Gemariah-Nehemiah-Malchijah-Eshijah-Ramah-Negev-Tel-Ira-Kinah-Horvat-Uza-YHWH-597bc.htm

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Stoneware: First Century Ritual Purity Stone Vessels ... The timing of Passover and concern for ritual purity mentioned in the passage fits Maqatir with its stoneware and many mikvoat. c. It is reasonable guess that Jesus would have used stoneware for the last supper since it was considered the most holy and sacred dinnerware of the period AND He had used it at Maqatir (Ephraim) just days earlier. C. Types of stone vessels used for ritual purity: 1. Ritual purity items in general 2. Dinnerware: plates, dishes 3. Two handle cups ... Miracle at Cana Wedding: 6 Large Stone Jars: The 20-30 gal. ceremonial stoneware pots were not being used for catering the wedding, indicating they were inside the Cana synagogue or an adjoining building where the pots were stored. Stoneware was excavated at the first century synagogue at Kh. Qana (Cana). See also the synagogue at Cana V. The Elaborate Stoneware Ossuary of Joseph son of Caiaphas high priest 1. Caiaphas was the Jewish high priest from 18-36 AD a. He is known chiefly for his involvement in the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/pottery/Bible-pottery-Stoneware-vessels-Ritual-Purity-First-Century-Jesus-communion-cups-Lords-last-supper-footwashing-basin-six-pots-ossuary-quarry-cores-archeology.htm

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Ancient Synagogues: Qatzion Synagogue and Lintel Dedicatory Inscriptio ... ... After investigations by Kohl and Watzinger, as well as others, the site was abandoned only to be rediscovered in the late 20th century. b. Since the building has not been completely excavated, further investigations are crucial in order to enable well-founded judgments regarding the nature of this structure. c. At the moment, the most important find is a lintel containing a six-line ... Allusions: Synagogue worship allusions and imagery in the New Testament Master builder Stonemason Jesus: "Upon this Rock I will build My church" Everyday life: Archeology of Everyday Life and Homes at the time of Jesus Master List: Master list of First Temple Period, Pre-70 AD Synagogues Attend a church you can read about in the Bible: Click here to find a church near you. By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections Go to: Master Synagogue List Go to: Jewish Messianic Expectations in DSS Go to: Map of Synagogue Sites Excavations Inscriptions Literature Go to: Synagogue ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Qatzion-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-inscription-197ad.htm

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609 BC: Arad Ostraca #88: Jehoiakim is appointed king of Judah ... ... An intrusive archeological object is a first century coin of Pilate in the center of a locus which unquestionably contains late bronze pottery. An intrusive archeological object a byzantine lamp in a first century locus. Intrusive archeological pottery is an early bronze pottery handle in a first century locus. Both Arad ... Arad #88 "Neco II appoints Jehoiakim" is intrusive because it clearly dated to 609 BC but was found on the surface which would generally date hundreds or thousands of years younger. What causes "intrusive" artifacts? Why are "intrusive" artifacts from one time period, professionally excavated from a locus or stratum of a different time period? It ... Burrowing animals: It is well documented by the IAA (Israeli Archeological Authority) that gophers will dig two meters down to bedrock and take with them coins which become intrusive finds for archeologists. At Khirbet el Maqatir, I have found first century coins (ER) in an Hasmonean (LH) locus (175 BC) and modern coins in ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-ostracon-Arad88-letters-Jehoiakim-Judah-appointed-king-by-Pharoah-Neco-II-Egypt-2Kings23-34-I-became-king-in-all-the-land-be-strong-609bc.htm

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Archeology of the Oppression, Exodus and Conquest of Israel: ... ... It is common in antiquity for a city to be destroyed and a new one is build nearby that borrows the same name. Here is a photo by the author when he excavated the Ai of Joshua (Maqatir) in 2012 AD. f. KHIRBET EL-MAQATIR: AI OF JOSHUA (1446 BC): Notice the Late bronze (1406 BC) wall that surrounded the city Joshua conquered, had later Iron I (1200-1000 BC) walls built into it to created houses for families. g. KHIRBET EL-MAQATIR: EPHRAIM OF JESUS (33 AD): In the first century, Maqatir was called Ephraim of John 11 and is where Jesus went after raising Lazarus. Pictured below is a fenestrated wall (wall with windows) inside the first century home at the time of Jesus. On the other ... III. Period of Oppression of Israel in Egypt begins: 1556 BC: 1. Rise and expulsion of the Hyksos a. After 100 years of ruling Egypt, the Hyksos are expelled by the 18th dynasty "Moses" pharaoh's b. First 18th dynasty pharaoh: Ahmoses I: 1557 - 1532 BC c. From ancient times, Goshen (Avaris, Tel el-Dab'a) was ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeological-evidence-of-the-Exodus-Egyptian-Oppression-Hebrew-Conquest-Israel-Sinai-inscriptions-Jacob-in-Egypt-Joseph-Moses-inscription.htm

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The Septuagint: God approved Translation in every synagogue like ... ... Also Jeshua, Bani, Sherebiah, Jamin, Akkub, Shabbethai, Hodiah, Maaseiah, Kelita, Azariah, Jozabad, Hanan, Pelaiah, the Levites, explained the law to the people while the people remained in their place. They read from the book, from the law of God, translating to give the sense so that they understood the reading." (Nehemiah 8:4-8) b. "The first archeological evidence for a synagogue appears in Schedia, near Alexandria in Egypt, in the third century bce. Although no synagogues are clearly attested during the period of Ezra and Nehemiah (late fifth and early fourth centuries bce), ... Maccabean distribution of the Septuagint to the thousands of Synagogues in the world: There was an explosion of Greek translation, copying and distribution that coincides directly with the Jewish independence under the Maccabees. Jewish independence began with the revolt of Matthias and John Maccabeus in 166 BC. Full independence was reached in 110 BC under John Hycranus I shortly after the liberation of Tyre ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-Greek-Bible-standard-issue-Jerusalem-certified-translation-synagogues-church.htm

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Ancient Synagogue Literary Sources: Mishnah 200 AD Mishnah Ancient Synagogue Literary Sources First century oral tradition codified into law 200 AD "It was for freedom that Christ set us free; therefore keep standing firm [as Christians] and do not be subject again to a yoke of slavery." (Galatians 5:1) "thus invalidating the word of God by your tradition which you ... These teachers, usually given the title "rabbi," appear in the Mishnah regularly grouped into roughly three consistories: (1) teachers who flourished before Rome's destruction of the Second Temple in 70 c.e. (the Pharisaic period), (2) those who taught after that first war against Rome but before the Bar Kokhba revolt in 132-35 c.e. (the Yavnean period), and ... F [If] he poured out the first water on to both hands and was reminded and poured out the second [water] on to one hand, his hand [which has been washed twice] is clean. G [If] he poured out water on to one hand and rubbed it on the other, it is unclean. H [If he rubbed his hand] on his head or on the wall, it is ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ancient-Synagogue-Archeological-Literary-Sources-Bible-Jesus-Israel-Judea-diaspora-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Mishnah-shanah-Rabbi-Judah-Akiba-oral-law-200ad.htm

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Synagogue Organization and Government: Elders, officials, attendants ... ... The last stages of the 1.1ammat Tiberias building (seventh to eighth centuries) also exhibit a bench in its apse that undoubtedly was reserved for congregational leaders." (The Synagogue in Late Antiquity, Lee Levine, p339, 1987 AD) 4. "Many explanations have been put forth in an attempt to explain the precise purpose of this cathedra, with each explanation finding its support in a ... Allusions: Synagogue worship allusions and imagery in the New Testament Master builder Stonemason Jesus: "Upon this Rock I will build My church" Everyday life: Archeology of Everyday Life and Homes at the time of Jesus Master List: Master list of First Temple Period, Pre-70 AD Synagogues Attend a church you can read about in the Bible: Click here to find a church near you. By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections Go to: Master Synagogue List Go to: Jewish Messianic Expectations in DSS Go to: Map of Synagogue Sites Excavations Inscriptions Literature Go to: Synagogue ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Government-organization-Elders-officials-attendants-Synagogue-Independent-overseer-shepherd-first-century-early-Christian-Church-New-Testament-prototype-ancient.htm

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Ancient Synagogue Literary Sources: Babylonian Talmud 500 AD Babylonian Talmud Ancient Synagogue Literary Sources Ancient and current Non-Biblical Jewish Law 500 AD "It was for freedom that Christ set us free; therefore keep standing firm [as Christians] and do not be subject again to a yoke of slavery." (Galatians 5:1) "thus invalidating the word of God by your tradition which ... Soṭa 9:15), there is comparatively a great deal of messianic lore in Babli." (Dictionary of New Testament Background, Rabbinic Literature: Talmud, p898, 2000 AD) Comments: 1. The specific passage of Ketub. 13:1, I.2.A-3.C, states there were 394 synagogues and courts and schools in the first century AD in the second temple period. 2. The Babylonian Talmud ... F [If] he poured out the first water on to both hands and was reminded and poured out the second [water] on to one hand, his hand [which has been washed twice] is clean. G [If] he poured out water on to one hand and rubbed it on the other, it is unclean. H [If he rubbed his hand] on his head or on the wall, it is ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ancient-Synagogue-Archeological-Literary-Sources-Bible-Jesus-Israel-Judea-diaspora-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Babylonian-Talmud-Non-Biblical-Jewish-Law-500ad.htm

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Civil Courts, beating and scourging in Synagogues, Slavery jail ... ... posts, verbal rebuke/scolding: a. Notice that no one was ever put in stocks, tied or chained to a post or restrained after the punishment was over. Until very recently prisons and insane asylums would use the whipping bench. But in Israel, the man had to voluntarily lay himself down on the ground to be beaten with a rod by his victim! b. Adults were beaten in public up to 40 times. ... Allusions: Synagogue worship allusions and imagery in the New Testament Master builder Stonemason Jesus: "Upon this Rock I will build My church" Everyday life: Archeology of Everyday Life and Homes at the time of Jesus Master List: Master list of First Temple Period, Pre-70 AD Synagogues Attend a church you can read about in the Bible: Click here to find a church near you. By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections Go to: Master Synagogue List Go to: Jewish Messianic Expectations in DSS Go to: Map of Synagogue Sites Excavations Inscriptions Literature Go to: Synagogue ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Courts-ancient-Synagogue-Civil-judgment-Slavery-jail-beating-scourging-Columns-first-century-early-Christian-Church-New-Testament-worship-patterned-prototype.htm

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History of Biblical coins, how they were made, money weight system Babylon Empire: 626-539 BC (no coins were made) Persia Empire: 539-333 BC Greek/Hellenistic Empire: 333-31 BC Ptolemy ruled Egypt: 323-30 BC Seleucus (Seleucid) ruled Syria, Persia, Babylon, parts of Asia minor: 321-64 BC Hasmonean era ruled by Jewish Maccabean family ... A set of 5 rare inscribed Hebrew, Judean weigh stones: 8 Shekels (91.2grams) 1 Shekel (11.4 grams) 1 Nezef (9.12 grams) 1 Pym (7.6 grams) 1 Beqa (5.7 grams) Eight Hebrew weight stones from 701 BC excavated in Lachish, stratum II: four stones were 8 shekels and the other four stones were 4 shekels along with 17 bullae including the famous Shebna bulla of Isa 22:15-19. Although coins were first used in Babylon and Athens at early at the 6th century BC, the ... Coins have had different values in each of the Persian, Hasmonean and Roman period. There have been noted devaluations of coins in both the Hasmonean time (75-40 BC and 50 AD) Neither the Bible, nor Josephus give us the names of the Jewish bronze coins that were used ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/bible-coins-history-money-weight-system.htm

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First campaign of Thutmoses III in the Battle of Megiddo: year ... While this site has uncovered evidence of the Hyksos, Thutmoses III and Seti I, including tombs, administration buildings and food storage facilities, it has no prison. Tharu was a prison camp on the border of Egypt and the facilities excavated at Tel Habuwa are not compatible with a prison city. Tel ... It was done according to all the command which his father, Re, gave to him. Year 22, fourth month of the second season, on the twenty-fifth day his majesty was in Tharu on the first victorious expedition to extend the boundaries of Egypt with might. Now, at that period the Asiatics had fallen into disagreement, each man fighting against his neighbor. Now, it happened that the tribes - the ... They measured this city, surrounding it with an inclosure, walled about with green timber of all their pleasant trees. His majesty himself was upon the fortification east of this city, inspecting. It was walled about with its thick wall. Its name was made: "Menkheperre Tuthmosis III-is-the-Surrounder-of... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-southern-border-wadi-el-arish-tharu-egyptian-account-of-the-battle-of-megiddo-1482bc.htm

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597 BC: Arad Ostraca introduction: Jehoiakim, Zedekiah, Nico ... In these cases the broken pottery was a cheap and abundant paper to write on. "In the late monarchic period, the time of these letters, Arad was a fortified supply depot. Staple foods were stockpiled and sent on demand to Judean army units stationed ... 180 ostraca (and a few bulla) excavated at Arad 1962-1967 Ad are the four we have chosen to in this study. We have added one from Tel Ira (Ramah-Negev) for a total of five in this study. a. Pharaoh Nico II appoints Jehoiakim king of Judah in 609 BC. (Arad #88) Two ostraca (Arad #40, #24) record the communications between the city of Arad and Zedekiah, king of Judah at the time Nebuchadnezzar attacked Jerusalem 605-587 BC. The Edomites had moved for the first time into the Judean Negev and ... The outstanding innovation here is the addition of an interior wall parallel to the whole southern wall of the fortress. Thus the living quarters located here were truncated and their southern portions became small casemate rooms. In one of these ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-Arad-18-24-40-88-letters-refugee-temple-YHWH-edomite-threat-troops-edom-Ramah-Negev-Ira-Kinah-Horvat-Uza-Neco-II-Egypt-Jehoiakim-Zedekiah-Judah-608-597bc.htm

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How to commit your unwanted, naggy or rich wife to a mental hospital ... Also amongst those reputed to have been improperly confined in madhouses in the eighteenth century were individuals from the ranks of the early Methodists, the revivalist field-preachers and their followers, who were so often exposed, at this period, to persecution and derision." (The Trade in Lunacy, William Ll. Parry-Jones, 1972 AD, p 255) "Have you visited Bethlem? I have, frequently; I first visited Bethlem on the 25th of April 1814. What observations did you make? At this first visit, attended by the steward of the Hospital and likewise by a female keeper, we first proceeded to visit the women's galleries: one of the side rooms contained about ten patients, each chained by one arm or leg to the wall; the chain allowing them merely to stand up by the bench or form fixed to the wall, or to sit down on it. The nakedness of each patient was covered by a blanket-gown only; the blanket-gown is a blanket formed something like a dressing-gown, with nothing to fasten it with in front; this ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/psychiatry/psychiatry-harms-damages-society-false-imprisonment-historic-wives-committed-by-husbands-to-mental-hospitals.htm

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Kadesh Barnea is located at Petra, Beidha and Basta Basta (12 km SE of Petra) was a mass production meat packing plant and crop storage center. An massive assemblage of 100,000 kosher bones were excavated on the production floors. Like Beidha, Basta was built by Moses then abandoned. 2. Israel departs from Sinai for promised land after spending ... Seir and Mt. Paran are all nearby the location of Kadesh Barnea. b. So they left Sinai on 1:1:1! (year:month:week) They navigated about 20 stops over a period of between 10.5 and 11 months between Sinai and Kadesh Barnea. c. They arrived at Kadesh Barnea in the first of the month of the third year or exactly 24 months after leaving Egypt. (Numbers 20:1) d. They celebrated their second Passover at Sinai, ... Jews have always place extreme importance on burial. Modern communities of Jews in Canada and the USA have been known to buy land for a cemetery, before they buy land for a synagogue. It seems odd that they would call their "undertakers" and "funeral homes" the "holy society". Why would they not ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea.htm

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Synagogue prototype master summary chart and introduction: The ... ... The Herodium Synagogue had freestanding columns that were symbolic not structural Christians are the freestanding columns and the church is the pillar of truth. 1 Tim 3:15; Rev 3:12. The first church buildings had columns. Refugee sanctuary Yes ... Mazzot: yearly Communion: weekly Women segregated in worship YES. temple had a separate court for the women, as seen in the Wailing Wall today. No: women sat with husbands and children No: women sat with husbands and children Women reading, praying, teaching, leading worship No No: A woman is seductive (Talmud, b. Ber. 3:5, I.16.F) No: Flat forbidden 1 Tim 2:12 Schools No Every Synagogue was a school Every church is a school Introduction: A. Five identifying features of New Testament Church and ... Levine (2000:19-41, 124-159; 2004:27-30) contends that "the synagogue of this period was primarily a communal institution serving the many and varied needs-including the religious ones-of the local community". These services included: social and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Worship-Introduction-master-Summary-chart-Synagogue-First-century-early-Christian-Church-New-Testament-patterned-copied-ancient-prototype-ritual-liturgy.htm

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Schools, Education and Literacy of Jews In Synagogues ... Moses taught, which teaches, "I will slay and I will make alive. 19 This is your life and the blessedness of your days."' (4 Maccabees 18:9-19) e. "Nay, indeed, the law does not permit us to make festivals at the births of our children, and thereby afford occasion of drinking to excess; but it ordains that the very beginning of our education should be immediately directed to sobriety. ... Allusions: Synagogue worship allusions and imagery in the New Testament Master builder Stonemason Jesus: "Upon this Rock I will build My church" Everyday life: Archeology of Everyday Life and Homes at the time of Jesus Master List: Master list of First Temple Period, Pre-70 AD Synagogues Attend a church you can read about in the Bible: Click here to find a church near you. By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections Go to: Master Synagogue List Go to: Jewish Messianic Expectations in DSS Go to: Map of Synagogue Sites Excavations Inscriptions Literature Go to: Synagogue ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Schools-ancient-Synagogue-Literacy-of-Jews-education-reading-writing-first-century-early-Christian-Church-New-Testament-worship-patterned-prototype-liturgy.htm

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Acapella Responsive Singing, No Instruments in first century ... ... life ; yea, thou shalt see thy children's children."" (Tosefta, Sukkah 4:6A-G, describing the second temple synagogue in Alexandria, 250 AD) 2. The basilica style synagogue dates to the early first century AD (before 38 AD) and this is a departure from the triclinium style synagogues that date back to the very beginning in 280 BC. Even though we have no excavated site top plans for any synagogue in Egypt, we do have many in both and outside Judea that are all triclinium style. 2. The very first synagogue was the great Basilica synagogue of Alexandria in 280 BC. a. ... We might as well pray by machinery as praise by it." (Baptist: Charles H. Spurgeon, Treasury of David, Psalm 42:4) e. Presbyterian: i. John Knox, founder of the Presbyterian Church of Scotland, died 1572 AD: "The organs of this period were not favored by the Scottish Divines. John Knox spoke of the instrument as a "Kist of Whistles", and had one removed from Kirk." (Proceedings of the Evening Meetings of the London and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Acapella-responsive-singing-non-instrumental-first-century-early-Christian-Church-New-Testament-worship-prototype-ancient-Synagogue-ritual-liturgy-worship.htm

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