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Mosaic Legal system, no jails or prisons vs. slavery comparison God never instructed Jews in the Law of Moses to ever put anyone in prison. There were no jails in the original judicial system of the Hebrews. In place of prisons, God provided a better system: slavery. Confinement of any type including jail, stocks, shackles, hooks etc. was something completely foreign in the Jewish Legal ... Courts: city gates and Cities of refuge: There were six cities of refuge distributed geographically as a place to run to hear your legal case without fear of harm until ... These cities include: Hebron, Bezer, Shechem, Ramoth-gilead, Golan, Kedesh-naphtali. Jerusalem, though the later capital, was never a city of refuge. ""Speak to the ... Entire cities were to be destroyed who abandoned the one true God: Deut 20:12-14. i. ""However, if it does not make peace with you, but makes war against you, then ... They were sent to the furthest city on the border of Egypt and Israel called Rhinoculura in the late Hellenistic/early Roman period (100 BC). Rhinoculura "rhino" = ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/sin-no-jails-prisons-in-judaism-old-testament-law-of-moses-slavery-welfare-jewish-comparison.htm

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Anglo/British-Israelism: A DETAILED REFUTATION ... How much must the Bible "intimate" a thing to teach it? And how "strong" must the "proof" of a thing be to prove it? The Roman Catholic church ... The house of Hanover is German. It was during the World War I that England changed the house of Hanover into the house of Brunswick, but it ... After the return to Jerusalem Ezra commanded a sin offering for every tribe of Israel, and he referred to them as "all Israel." Ezra 6 :16-17: ... Why offer for "all Israel" if it was only the Jews who returned from Babylon, and not Israel at all, as Anglo-Israelites assert? In his printed Radio Addresses, the one of May 22, 1943, the Dr. John Matthews said that "it has been admitted that Ezra and Nehemiah are Jewish books." In ... "These twelve Jesus sent forth, and commanded them, saying, Go not into the way of the Gentiles, and into any city of the Samaritans enter ye ... Anglo-Israelists assert that "the gate" of this passage refers to Gilbraltar, Suez, and Singapore, as "gates of enemies," and that Great ... ... https://www.bible.ca/pre-british-israelism-foy-wallace.htm

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The Book of Jubilees: A fictional Jewish chronology of real world ... ... Without Christians, Jews today would be lost in both history and archeological dating. e. The book of jubilees must be rejected as the "Mother ... It seems clear that the book, which neither commands nor reflects separation from the remainder of the Jewish population but which manifests ... Several students of the book have found in it allusions to Maccabean wars; if they are correct, the book could not antedate ca. 166. However, ... of Jubilees: Synagogue Pharisee or Jerusalem Temple Sadducee? a. "There is strong reason to believe that Jubilees was written by a priest. ... take out any work within their dwellings which is carried in their gates. 30* And they shall not bring in or take out from house to house on ... And in the first year of the first week of the fifth jubilee, buildings were constructed in the land. And Cain built a city and he named it ... And he called his dwelling place and the dwelling place of his sons Media after their father, Madai. The birth of Serug marks the rise of war ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/book-of-Jubilees-full-text-PDF-Free-Online-Chronology-ancient-Jewish-calendar-Textual-variants-Bible-Old-Testament-Torah-Tanakh-Rabbinical-Judaism-170BC.htm

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Archeology of Daniel: Akkadian tablet from 605 BC Furnace of ... ... praise his three expatriates who had voluntarily walked out of Jerusalem and surrendered to him in 605 BC following the instructions of ... For instance, a piece of the fifth register of the Book of Gates from Seti l's tomb (Nineteenth Dynasty, thirteenth century B.C.E.) depicts ... From the Roman period at Akhmim, there is a more Dantesque depiction of a cauldron for roasting people in the netherworld; the pot has bundles ... perhaps "Pheros = pharaoh" and is not a name.) This king waged no wars, and chanced to become blind, for the following reason: the Nile ... Right after this, he came down with a disease of the eyes, and became blind. When he had been blind for ten years, an oracle from the city of ... 2, p281, 2009 AD) 3. The Book of Enoch is an uninspired Jewish book dating to 150 BC which was widely used by Christians in the first century. ... The heavenly hosts shall cry out and the world's foundations shall stagger and sway. The war of the heavenly warriors shall scourge the earth; ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeology-Daniel-furnace-brick-kiln-oven-fire-Shadrach-Meshach-Abed-nego-Samsu-iluna-Pseudepigrapha-Nebuchadnezzar-605bc.htm

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500 Flood stories prove Noah's Ark is real history: Epic of Gilgamesh ... While Jews and Christians understand this was a direct curse from Adam and Eve eating the forbidden fruit in the Garden of Eden, the Babylonian pagans ... to ask the lower gods (Igigi) what the problem is and why they have declared war. The lower gods replied, "The load is excessive, it is killing us! ... water baptism that "washes away sins" (Acts 2:38; 22:16) and the recently excavated pool of Siloam and the hundreds of Jewish Mikvah's (water immersion baths) at the south wall the temple in Jerusalem that have been excavated. ... Large numbers of celibate women serve selfish gods in the temples, because not having noisy children makes the gods happy. Like Roman Catholic priest and ... The elders listened to his speech; They built a temple for Namtara in the city. Heralds proclaimed... They made a loud noise in the land. They did not ...yloniaca-history-of-babylonia-abydenus-apollodorus-alexander-polyhistor-josephus-eusebius-georgius-syncellus-oannes-280bc.jpg Name Sumerian Eridu ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ark/noahs-ark-flood-creation-stories-myths-epic-of-atra-hasis-old-babylonian-akkadian-cuneiform-flood-creation-tablet-1635bc.htm

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Seven Myths Of Denominationalism! ... For that reason they are accepting, practicing and teaching many false doctrines that were inherited from the Roman Catholic church or that have evolved since the ... words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part out of the book of life, and out of the holy city, and [from] the things which are written in this book." ... Despite the fact that there were men from a wide diversity of nations present for the Jewish celebration of Pentecost (Acts 2), at this point the gospel was only preached to Jews, and the newly-formed church was localized to Jerusalem. Chapter 3 presents the story of a man healed by Peter and John, and their ... And I saw heaven opened, and behold a white horse; and he that sat upon him [was] called Faithful and True, and in righteousness he doth judge and make war. His eyes ... When Peter confessed: "Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God (Mt. 16:16), Jesus responded: "... upon this rock I will build my church; and the gates of hell ... ... https://www.bible.ca/r-7-myths-of-denominationalism.htm

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Bible Chronology of Kings of Judah, Israel Solved! divided kingdom ... ... "For six years he reigned, and the name of his mother was Maacah, daughter of Absalom." (3 Kingdoms 15:2) "He reigned three years in Jerusalem; his ... The story of Cornelius proves that the 1st century Jews used inclusive counting because to them, 72 hours = 4 days: Acts 10:3,9, 23,24,30. Detailed discussion of Jewish Inclusive time keeping. b. "NI = "non-inclusive" (accession). This system is how we count ... Judah always used Tishri 1 (Sept.), perhaps adopting the Canaanite practice of the land. c. The Canaanite Gezer "Harvest Calendar" (city of Gezer) ... Israel coregency #2: Johoash + Jeroboam II: 782-793 BC. (11 years) Jehoash appointed his son Jeroboam II because of his impending war with Amaziah, ... "I received the tribute of Jehoash the Samarian" 795 BC 13. Roman counsel list 14. The Talmud says Ezek 40:1 is in the 17th jubilee ... cycles (e.g., 11:50; 15:14; 23:83; 24:24; 25:54) and in so doing, adopted a practice already found in Josephus and occasionally in the Talmud. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-maps-timeline-chronology-kings-prophets-assyrians-babylonians-egyptians-tisri-nisan-inclusive-accession-reckoning-divided-kingdom-dates-931-587bc.htm

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King Jeroboam tel dan high place altar 1340-723 BC. They're Digging ... ... Remember, there were many other times when God "killed off" gentile nations who tried to fight the Hebrews, but these are all examples of the Jews being killed off ... (The Remarkable Discoveries at Tel Dan, John C. H. Laughlin, BAR 07:05, 1981) 2. "Now there was war between Asa and Baasha king of Israel all their days. ... chambers that the Bible seems to associate with religious structures such as the Jerusalem Temple (see Ezra 8:29 and 1 Chronicles 9:26, among other passages). ... Dan was rebuilt during the Hellenistic period. Tel Dan continued to be occupied during the Roman period. Josephus says that the "delicious place" at the headwaters of the Jordan ... idolatry. a. "They called the name of the city Dan, after the name of Dan their father who was born in Israel; however, the name of the city formerly was Laish. ... The impressive triple gate system built by the Israelis has two stages. The two outer gates were built in the time of Jeroboam I in 931 BC and the third inner-most ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-tel-dan-laish-leshem-micah-Jonathan-jeroboams-king-of-israel-high-place-altar-temple-1340-723bc.htm

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597 BC: Arad Ostraca #40: Zedekiah and the Edomite invasion into ... ... The Nabateans who rebuilt tomb city of Kadesh Barnea occupied by Moses during the exodus (1444-1407 BC) into the Petra we see today are a mystery. The Nabateans ... surface garbage (plastics, Coke bottle caps etc;) down to their nesting area in a locus that dates to Late Bronze (1450 BC) or First century (Early Roman). ... True, the waw is partially obliterated, and in the beginning I tended to read it as yod (Fourth World Congress of Jewish Studies, Vol. 1 (1967), p. 12 [Heb., ... For reading the number 5, see Lernaire 1977: 188-189; Reitz 1995: 391, a. 2. Lernaire's restoration at the end of line 12 [linil,unjh ("for war"), does not fit ... During the final two year Babylonian siege of Jerusalem from 589-587 BC, many Jews fled for their lives and were captured and killed by the Edomites at the crossroads near the four ... God's people, as evidenced, by the fact they in the book of Revelation their gates in heaven are lacking, so too Edom would go into extinction because of their ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-ostracon-Arad40-letters-edomite-threat-send-troops-Gemariah-Nehemiah-Malchijah-Eshijah-Ramah-Negev-Tel-Ira-Kinah-Horvat-Uza-YHWH-597bc.htm

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Personal Evangelism 101 ... We are personally glad that the Eunuch, when he started home from Jerusalem, did not have to wait for Philip to get his degree in missiology, nor for the ... Sin puts man at WAR with all of these. Most important is war with God. If there is peace with Him, there will be peace with all the other areas. But, in the ... Notice this quote from Jesus: "...and upon this rock I will build My church; and the gates of Hades will not overpower it." (Matt. 16:18) "My church" is ... Just as the Lord's persecution began with the Jews and went to the Romans, the next persecutions of the church were Roman. Roman persecution Nero's persecution (ca. 64 A.D.) Around this date a fire began in Rome that soon raged out of control. It burned for five days and over half of the city of Rome was destroyed. The people blamed Nero the emperor, thinking he had ordered the fire (his idea of urban renewal). Nero blamed the Christians. This persecution, like the Jewish one before it, was a local persecution, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/evangelism/e-brent-hunters-evangelism-101.htm

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Nuweiba Beach Red Sea crossing: Rejected, debunked, refuted ... The Septuagint changes Goshen in the Masoretic text to Heroonpolis in Genesis 46:28-29. In 282 BC the top Jewish scholars translated the Hebrew into Greek in Alexandria and ... Chariot) ii. "Pictorial evidence from numerous reliefs plus several actual chariots from Egyptian tombs present a reasonably clear picture of how these war machines were made. ... AD 110: Josephus: Simeon borders Egypt (Sinai Peninsula) and Arabia (Petra); Rhinocurura is in Egypt vi. AD 325: The Onomasticon by Eusebius marks Rhinocorura at Arish. vii. AD ... The Edomites assisted in destroying the city of Jerusalem and even looted the Temple itself. During the final 587 BC Babylonian attack on Judah many Jews fled for their lives and were captured and killed by the Edomites at the crossroads near the Arad, Kinah, Ramah Negev and Moladah ... It is well documented that most of Queen Helen's choices were wrong. Since the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches have both declared by edict, that Mt. Musa is Mt. Sinai, they ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-ruling-out-candiates-excluding-red-sea-crossing-points-kadesh-barnea.htm

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George Salmon's Infallibiliy of the church ... flatterers of ladies; snuffing up the smell of good dinners; ever at the gates, not of the wise, but of the powerful; unable to speak themselves, but ... But here was the advantage of the Pope's holding the Council in his own city. There was no license of printing. A precis of the speaker's arguments was ... the Roman theory had been true, first Peter, then the Apostles. The history related in Acts gives no trace of Peter's having exercised the prerogatives which are now attributed to him. To take a single example:-When Peter took the decisive step of eating with one uncircumcised, the Church of Jerusalem (Acts xi.) called him sharply to account for a proceeding so repugnant to Jewish ... a man who in place of keeping his Easter on the day observed by the Church, wished to celebrate it on the day of the Passover of the unbelieving Jews. ... all other books that teach the same thing." [236] a. The Congregation of the Index continued its war on the Copernican theory for about two centuries. ... ... https://www.bible.ca/cath-salmon-infallibility.htm

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"Cast Out For The Cross Of Christ" by Albion F. Ballenger, 1909 ... of truth; something more to be desired than stagnant peace, and that is a Jerusalem Council, a Diet of Spires, or a Minneapolis Conference, from whose "No ... Then they cried out with a loud voice and stopped their ears and ran upon him with one accord, and cast him out of the city and stoned him." Acts 7:55,58. From ... to define which day is "the Sabbath," although there were other days in the Jewish system to which the term "Sabbath" was applied; he takes it for granted that ... Josephus, in his "Antiquities of the Jews," hook XV, chapter 11, par. 3, speaks of the veils that adorned the doors of the temple. This objection loses its force also when we consider that at ... The lamb was but a channel of faith, just as the bread and wine of the Lord's supper are channels of faith today; but no one but a Roman Catholic would say ... It was against this putting of an infallible interpreter between the man and his Bible that the Reformation waged its uncompromising war. The Romanists robbed ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/7-1909-ballenger-cast-out-for-the-cross.htm

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Life of Mrs. E.G. White - Her Claims Refuted, by D.M. Canright ... ... numbered a hundred thousand, continued till 1831 to observe the Jewish Sabbath" (Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia). "A post-mortem examination ... Before this it could not refer to the Roman Church at all; but now she says it does apply to that church, and to that church particularly, but ... Once again: "All the angels hold a golden card, which they must present at the gate of the holy city, to get in and out" (p. 39). Every saint ... of Jerusalem (Matt. 24); Agabus foretold what would happen to Paul at Jerusalem (Acts 21:10, 11). Scores of such cases could be given. ... She predicted numerous floods, storms, earthquakes, wars, etc., all in general terms. Anyone could do that safely, without any prophetic gift. ... After this she threatened many, but always in general terms. Predictions About the Civil War The Civil War of 1861-65 placed Seventh-day ... From "Life of Mrs. E.G. White - Her Claims Refuted" by D.M. Canright, 1919 Jews and Seventh-day Baptists keep the Sabbath as the Bible ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/7-Life-of-White-her-claims-refuted-canright.htm

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The Founding of Aelia Capitolina and the Chronology of the Jewish ... The Jewish war under Hadrian rather than the more familiar struggle of 74 A.D. was the dying agony of Jewish nationalism; it was the later war which effected the final separation between Christianity and Mosaic Judaism and determined the cosmopolitan development of Judaism.' The colony of Aelia Capitolina whose founding on the site of Jerusalem led, as Dio Cassius (dd. 12) tells us, to the war, was a renowned city in its day, and its outlines have determined the sub-sequent topography of Jerusalem. The ... This brought on a war that was not slight nor of brief duration, for the Jews deemed it intolerable that foreign races should be settled in their city and foreign religious rites be planted there. While Hadrian was close by in Egypt and ... When we add to these considerations the fact that it was absolutely necessary for any pretender to the Roman throne to control the province which was really a part of the crown domain, and which supplied the capital with food for so large a ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-jerusalem-temple-mount-founding-of-aelia-capitolina-chronology-jewish-war-under-hadrian-william-d-gray-1923ad.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Sardis, Asia 49 BC inscriptional evidence from Josephus Antiquities 14.235 makes the existence of a synagogue building certain in 49 BC, the synagogue likely dates back to the time of Seleucid King Antiochus III (223-187 BC) who was contemporary with Ptolemy III who are a major powerhouse in establishing diaspora synagogues. ... Schedia 240 BC 5. For those who do not even believe fully functioning synagogues and buildings existed before 70 AD, the Sardis synagogue is the gorilla in the room! 6. Sardis is mentioned only in the Book of Revelation which was written in 66 AD to warn the Jews in Jerusalem to flee the city or die in 70 AD. The strong Jewish tradition of the city made it easy for the ... Although little evidence has survived concerning guilds there, we do know of a group of Roman merchants and a guild of slave-traders from inscriptions. The latter group joined with the assembly of citizens in the first century in order to honour a prominent benefactor: "According to the decree passed by the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Sardis-bible-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-Rev3-table-of-scrolls-niche-shrine-eagle-lions-mosaics-earthquake-Lydia-49bc.htm

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Refugee Asylum Sanctuary Status In Synagogues ... to Ptolemy II/III in 262 BC. e. "for though Antiochus, who was called Epiphanes, laid Jerusalem waste and spoiled the temple, yet did those that succeeded him in the kingdom restore all the donations that were made of brass to the Jews of Antioch, and dedicated them to their synagogue [sanctuary]" (Josephus, Wars of the Jews 7.44) 3. Refugee status is also connected with the fact that Synagogues were also courts. a. Like ancient cities of refuge, people would flee there until the case was heard. b. The inscription from Alexandrou Nesos Egypt speaks of a Jewish man who stole a non-Jewish woman's coat and fled to the synagogue for safety. The woman pleads that the case be ... There had been a series of longstanding imperial decrees extending "refugee status" to synagogues that was violated when non-Jews entered the synagogue. 2. Text of Philo, Embassy/Flaccum 41-53: a. "And when the multitude perceived this, I do not mean the ordinary and well-regulated population of the city, but ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Refugee-Asylum-Sanctuary-Status-ancient-Synagogue-inviolate-no-go-zones-first-century-early-Christian-Church-New-Testament-worship-patterned-prototype.htm

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Freewill Weekly Collections for Benevolence In Synagogues: First ... WEEKLY FREEWILL COLLECTIONS FOR BENEVOLENCE IN SYNAGOGUES A. Weekly freewill collections sent annually to Jerusalem: 1. Dating to 250 BC the Delos synagogue of Samaritans inscription sent first fruits to the temple on ... Gerizim. 2. The imperial decree for Delos 54 BC: "Caius Caesar, our imperator and consul, in that decree wherein he forbade the Bacchanal rioters to meet in the city, did yet permit these Jews and these only, both to bring in their contributions, and to make their common suppers." (Josephus, Antiquities 14.213-215, decree 54 BC) 3. "Caius ... B. Synagogue treasuries and the collection of money for local worship and benevolence of the poor: 1. Synagogues took collections for the needy Jewish poor: a. "So when you give to the poor, do not sound a trumpet ... There was a hundredweight of gold, more or less openly seized at Apamea, and weighed out in the forum at the feet of the praetor, by Sextus Caesius, a Roman knight, a most excellent and upright man; twenty pounds ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Freewill-Weekly-Collection-ancient-Synagogue-money-Benevolence-First-fruit-gold-Jerusalem-widow-orphan-Jews-Christians-only-Church-worship-patterned-prototype.htm

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Ancient Synagogue Apamea, Laodicea, Pergamus, Adramyttium Marcus ... Valerius Flaccus, 59 BC. 3. "The Roman connection has been suggested by Clermont-Ganneau ("Decouverte," 196-97) on the basis of: (I) gens Vettia or Vectia being associated with that city, and (2) a person by the name of Vettienus mentioned by Cicero. This suggestion has been accepted by some (e.g., Schwabe, "Greek Inscriptions," 363-64)" (The Ancient Synagogue, Lee Levine, footnote 51, p57, 1999 AD) 4. Stealing Jewish gold from Synagogues: "The next thing is that charge [stealing] about the Jewish gold. ... As gold, under pretence of being given to the Jews, was accustomed every year to be exported out of Italy and all the provinces to Jerusalem, Flaccus issued an edict establishing a law that it should not be lawful for gold to be exported out of Asia. ... ... that they should be observed, and informed us that thou hadst been desired to write this to us about them." (Josephus, Antiquities 14.241-242) C. About Marcus Tullius Cicero: 106 - 54 BC 1. "CICERO. Marcus Tullius Cicero ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Cicero-Apamea-Laodicea-Adramyttium-Pergamom-synagogue-literary-origin-ancient-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-stealing-gold-Flaccus-Praetor-59bc.htm

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Coins of the Bible: Shekel of Tyre. official temple sanctuary ... When Herod completed his new temple in Jerusalem in 18 BC, he transferred the minting of this official temple currency from the city of Tyre to Jerusalem. c. "Since no silver coins recognizedly minted by Herod have been found, numismatists have despaired in their ... direct predecessors to the thick sheqels struck by the Jews during the Jewish War." (Guide to Biblical coins, David Hendin, p479, 2010 AD) 2. Coins featured on this page: Series Mint From 125 BC Date Early Tyre Year 2 124 BC Early Tyre Year 4 122 BC Early Tyre Year 19 107 BC Early Tyre Year 64 62 BC Early Tyre Year 107 19 BC Early Tyre Year 40 86 BC Early Tyre Year 50 76 BC Late: Herodian Jerusalem year 128 3 AD Late: Herodian Jerusalem Year 135 11 AD ... The Roman mint in Antioch started to strike inferior coinage as from the mid-fifties of the first century C.E. These were tetradrachms that are termed "Neronian selaim" in the Jewish sources. A well-known law of economics (Gresham' s Law) determines that inferior ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/Jesus-coins-of-the-bible-Phoenician-Tyre-Tyrian-Shekel-official-sancturary-Temple-tax-Peters-fish-money-changers-Judas-30-silver-pieces.htm

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Josephus 110 AD. Kadesh Barnea at Petra Josephus and the Exodus Route Josephus 110 AD Introduction: Josephus was only 56 years old when he wrote his Jewish Antiquities in 110 AD. Since the date of Josephus' death is unknown, we can safely say that he lived past 106 AD, since he, like Eusebius referred to Petra as the capital of Roman Arabia. Josephus' references to Petra being the capital of Roman Arabia, dates his death after 106 ... If someone told you that a book was written in 1975 AD and in the book it describes how a band of Muslim Terrorists drove two airplanes into the twin trade towers of New York City, you would know that ... for a fire fed upon a thorn bush" (Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, book 2, ch 11.2-12.1) Josephus says that Mount Sinai was "the highest of all the mountains thereabout," yet Helena chose Mt. ... he escaped to the place called Petra, which is the royal seat of the king of Arabia (Josephus, Wars 1.125) but he made haste himself to Petra of Arabia. (Josephus, Wars 1.267) which is the bounds ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-josephus-110ad.htm

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Role of Women preachers, segregation and Children in Synagogues may be observed by them; (258) we have decreed, that as many men and women of the Jews as are willing so to do, may celebrate their Sabbaths, and perform their holy offices, according to the Jewish laws; and may make their proseuchae [synagogue] at the seaside, according to the customs of their forefathers; and if anyone whether he be a magistrate or a private person, hindereth them from so doing, he shall be liable to a fine, to be applied to the uses of the city." (Josephus, Antiquities 14.256-258, c. 30 BC) b. Notice that from the Pagan Roman point of view both men and women worshipped equally in the synagogue without segregation. 3. All the literary evidence is silent on ... Said R. Yudan, "In this case [in which he may do so] it is when he has produced two pubic hairs, and in that case, in which he may not do so, he has not yet produced two pubic hairs." (Jerusalem Talmud, y. Meg. 4:6) By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Role-of-Women-Synagogue-preachers-leaders-segregated-Children-first-century-early-Christian-Church-New-Testament-worship-patterned-prototype-ancient-liturgy.htm

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Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Schedia, Egypt 240 BC A. Synagogue Inscription: 1. Inscription text: "On behalf of King Ptolemy & Queen Berenice his sister & wife and their children, the Jews (dedicated) the Synagogue." [Lit. proseuche = house of ... Literary date: none 6. Contemporary Rulers: Ptolemy III Euergetes King of Ptolemy (246-222 BC) 7. References: a. JIGRE :Jewish Inscriptions of Graeco-Roman Egypt: JIGRE #22 b. Photo of inscription: CIJ: Corpus Inscriptionum Judaicarum II, Jean-Baptiste Frey, 2.1440, p366, 1952 AD 8. Related Literary references: a. Acts 16:13; Philo, Embassy 132-134; Josephus Life 277 b. Schedia: Strabo, Geogr. ... by the king, he commanded them to encamp in the hippodrome, having established it outside the city with an immense circumference, and having made it very well situated for pointing out to public ... the practice of translating Scripture from Hebrew into Aramaic during a public reading to Ezra's reading of the Torah to the people of Jerusalem (Nehemiah 8; b. B. Qam. 82a; Ber. 33a; Meg. 17b). ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Schedia-Egypt-synagogue-Greek-inscriptions-origin-ancient-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-PtolemyIII-Queen-Berenice-proseuche-house-prayer-dedicated-240bc.htm

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Archeology of the Greek language at the Time of Christ ... of the Shema' prayer in Greek.)" (The Revolutionary Effects of Archaeology on the Study of Jewish History: The Case of the Ancient Synagogue, L. I. Levine, The archaeology of Israel: ... In 282 BC the Septuagint (LXX) was a translation of the Hebrew scriptures into Greek. b. As spiritually starved Jews around the world received copies of the new Greek Torah, then the entire ... synagogues in each city: There were almost 500 synagogues in Jerusalem alone at the time of Christ: Alexandria, Egypt had many Synagogues: "But as the governor of the country, who by himself could, if he had chosen to do so, have put down the violence of the multitude in a single hour, pretended not to see what he did see, and not to hear what he did hear, but allowed the mob to carry on the war against our people ... Even within Judea 80% were Greek: "The evidence of Greco-Roman influence there is overwhelming-the architecture of many catacomb facades, the impressive funerary monuments, the extensive art ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-Archeology-of-Bible-languages-Greek-Tanakh-synagogue-inscriptions-coins-Jewish-grave-tombstones-first-century-time-Jesus.htm

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Reasons why the Apocrypha does NOT belong in the Bible! ... And making a gathering, he sent twelve thousand drachmas of silver to Jerusalem for sacrifice to be offered for the sins of the dead, thinking well and religiously concerning the resurrection, (For ... Josephus rejected the apocryphal books as inspired and this reflected Jewish thought at the time of Jesus "From Artexerxes to our own time the complete history has been written but has not been ... the records of all the past times; which are justly believed to be divine..."(Flavius Josephus, Against Apion 1:8) The Manual of Discipline in the Dead Sea Scrolls rejected the apocrypha as inspired. ... Jerome vigorously resisted including the Apocrypha in his Latin Vulgate Version (400 AD), but was overruled. As a result, the standard Roman Catholic Bible throughout the medieval period contained ... The apocrypha wasn't included at first in the Septuagint, but was appended by the Alexandrian Jews, and was not listed in any of the catalogues of the inspired books till the 4th century Hilary ... ... https://www.bible.ca/catholic-apocrypha.htm

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Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Jerusalem 18 BC ... Theodotos' family apparently hailed from Rome, as the Roman name Vettenos seems to imply; in all probability they were descendants of Jews taken captive by Pompey in 63 B.C.E. Alternatively, some scholars, following several ancient manuscripts and older ... further cites the writings of Josephus, as well as Philo's discussion of the Essenes (OmnProbLib81), as evidence that by the mid-1st .c. CE the term synagogue was used to refer to both the congregation and the building. " (Ancient Synagogues - Archaeology and Art: New Discoveries and Current Research, Rachel Hachlili, p9, 2013 AD) 7. Well established sects of synagogues in Jerusalem: "The significance of the Acts [6:1-5] passage is twofold. The list of Diaspora Jewish commu-nities in Jerusalem is impressive. In contrast to Acts 2:5-11, which attests to a large and multifarious gathering "from every nation" in the Diaspora on the festival of Shavuot," our passage speaks of the institutionalized presence of Diaspora Jews in the city. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Jerusalem-synagogue-Greek-inscriptions-origin-ancient-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-Theodotos-Vettenos-archisynagogos-Freemen-Ophel-Cistern-18bc.htm

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The Water Supply and Distribution System of the Nabataean City ... ... Nabataean acquiescence in the inevitability of Roman dominance, and the commercial advantages of trade across territories consolidated under Roman rule, outweighed the advantages of autonomy. The city experienced Roman control under Tiberias, Caligua, Claudius, Vespasian and Hadrian, with administrative consolidation and territorial status change characterizing Roman dominance. Allied to Rome, Nabataeans, under King Malichus, were participants in suppressing the Jewish revolt in AD 67 (Josephus 1960). Rabbel II (AD 70) then ushered in independence as a Roman ally that permitted Petra to continue its trade-based prosperity. Petra was ... Hammond, P., 1973. The Nabataeans - Their History, Culture and Archaeology. (Studies in Mediterranean Archaeol- ogy 37.) Gothenburg: Gothenburg Publishers. Josephus, 1960. Complete Works (The Antiquities of the Jews, The Wars of the Jews). Grand Rapids (MI): Kregal Publications. Joukowski, M.S., 1999. The Great Temple, in Brown University Excavations ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-water-supply-of-petra-charles-r-ortloff-2005.htm

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History of crucifixion and archeological proof of the cross, ... The Seleucid Antiochus IV Epiphanes crucified those Jews who would not accept hellenization (Josephus Ant. xii.240-41; cf 1 Macc. 1:44-50). Archeological proof of the cross, as opposed to a stake. (Text and photo is From Refuting ... According to the (Roman) literary sources, those condemned to crucifixion never carried the complete cross, despite the common belief to the contrary and despite the many modern re-enactments of Jesus' walk to Golgotha. Instead, only the crossbar was carried, while the upright was set in a permanent place where it was used for subsequent executions. As the first-century Jewish historian Josephus noted, wood was so scarce in Jerusalem during the first century A.D. that the Romans were forced to travel ten miles from ... In 1939 excavations at Herculaneum, the sister city of Pompeii (destroyed in 78 A.D. by volcano) produced a house where a wooden cross had been nailed to the wall of a room. According to Buried History, (Vol. 10, No. 1, March 1974 p. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/d-history-archeology-crucifixion-cross.htm

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Have Crucified Jesus today by your actions? ... In a followup article on this archeological find in the Nov/Dec. issue of BAR, the statement is made: According to the (Roman) literary sources, those condemned to crucifixion never carried the complete cross, despite the common belief to the contrary and despite the many modern re-enactments of Jesus' walk to Golgotha. Instead, only the crossbar was carried, while the upright was set in a permanent place where it was used for subsequent executions. As the first-century Jewish historian Josephus noted, wood was so scarce in Jerusalem during the first century A.D. ... Further, the name "Jesus" occurred three times, twice in association with a cross. . . . It would be unlikely that Christian Jews would have been buried in that area after 135 A.D. since the Romans forbade Jews to enter Aelia Capitolina . . . after the second Jewish revolt. (from Ancient Times, Vol. 3, No. 1, July 1958, p. 3.) In 1939 excavations at Herculaneum, the sister city of Pompeii (destroyed in 78 A.D. by ... ... https://www.bible.ca/D-crucifyJesus.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Delos, Greece 250 BC Synagogue. 2. The lack of columns at the Samaritan synagogue proves columns in Jewish synagogues was connected with the two freestanding columns at the Jerusalem Temple ... A. Earliest Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD) = 250 BC 1. Excavation date: 250 BC 2. Inscriptional date: Delos 250 BC 3. Literary date: Josephus 54 BC 4. SOD computation system ... If the synagogue is oriented towards Jerusalem it is not pre-70 AD but built after 200 AD. 4. See Orientation: Early Synagogues did not Point to Jerusalem C. Bible and other Literary references: 1. WOMAN AT THE WELL: "A Samaritan woman came to draw water, and Jesus said to her, "Give me a drink." (His disciples had gone to the city to buy food.) The Samaritan woman said to him, "How is it that you, a Jew, ask a drink of me, a woman of Samaria?" (Jews do not share ... A cistern beneath the floor of the middle room contained lamps with many pagan motifs on the depressed discus of each. These attest to the Roman context in which the synagogue ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Delos-Greece-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-Samaritan-seat-of-Moses-benches-inscriptions-Mt-Gerizim-temple-250bc.htm

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The Onomasticon by Eusebius (325AD) and the Exodus route Eusebius also calls "Petra a city of Arabia" because the Romans annexed everything from Petra to Egypt and called it Arabia in 106 AD. The capital city of this new Roman province of "Roman ... But the important thing is that she identified that in Eusebius' day, the Sarceans were equated with north Saudi Arabia. Josephus was only 56 years old when he wrote his Jewish Antiquities in 110 AD. Since the date of Josephus' death is unknown, we can safely say that he lived past 106 AD, since he, like Eusebius referred to Petra as the capital of Roman Arabia. Josephus' references to Petra being the ... Genesis 14:7; K. 8:6; L. 234:84. On the Madaba Map there is a Thamara located as suggested by Eusebius here. Tabula Peutinger has a Thamaro 52 or 53 miles from Jerusalem while Ptolemy's list (V, ... It is located on the Dead Sea (K. 100:4) where there was a garrison stationed in Notitia Dignitatum (73:26) and a colony of Jews. A bishop was known in the fourth century as the bishop of Sodom ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-eusebius-onomasticon-323ad.htm

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The Septuagint, LXX: 10 Archeological proofs the Septuagint Tanakh ... ... Christians also practiced this in a wide range of words in the Byzantine era including: God, Lord, Jesus, Christ/Messiah, Son, Spirit/Ghost, David, Cross/Stake, Mother, God Bearer/Mother of God, Father, Israel, Savior, Human being/Man, Jerusalem, Heaven/Heavens c. Of special importance is the Greek ... Therefore the book of Isaiah was not even part of the Septuagint translated by learned Jews thousands of years ago, as [Christian] missionaries routinely claim. Rather the book of the Tanach is a part of the Prophets, the second section of Jewish scriptures, and was forged by the church many centuries later. ... The first century Roman historian Josephus Flavius, similarly states that under Ptolemy Philadephius, only the Law was translated" (Let's Get Biblical, Tovia Singer, Missionaries Defends Matthew by citing the Septuagint., vol 1, p49, 2014 AD) "The Septuagint in our hands is not a Jewish document, but rather a Christian recension. The original Septuagint, translated some 2,200 ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-Greek-Bible-entire-Tanakh-39-books-translated-complete-by-150BC.htm

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Origin of Ancient synagogues: Architectural prototype of the ... ... 32. Civic Meetings: Political Town Hall assemblies in Synagogues 33. Christians replaced Jews: Replacement theology is pure Christianity Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD)= Excavation date + ... By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections Go to: Master Synagogue List Go to: Jewish Messianic Expectations in DSS Go to: Map of Synagogue Sites Excavations Inscriptions ... Computation system details (SOD) Synagogue Occupation Date = Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date # City SOD Excavation Inscription Literary 1 Adramyttium 59 BC Cicero 59 BC 2 Alexandria 262 BC Alexandria 3 AD Gabbary 37 BC Hadra 200 BC Josephus 20 BC Philo 38 AD Tosefta 250 AD Jerusalem Talmud 400 AD Babylonian Talmud 500 AD 3 Antioch, P. 50 AD New Testament 50 AD 4 ... This translator was a gentile by birth and came from Sinope, a Roman colony in Pontus. Epiphanius provides more details about his life.9 He lived during the reign of the emperor Hadrian (117-138) to whom ... ... https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/welcome.htm

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Collective Names of Synagogues: House of Prayer, Temple, Church ... Synagōgē originally referred to simply a gathering of people. "Place of gathering"(synagogue) partial first century and universal modern usage since 200 AD. a. "For Moses from ancient generations has in every city ... laid Jerusalem waste and spoiled the temple, yet did those that succeeded him in the kingdom restore all the donations that were made of brass to the Jews of Antioch, and dedicated them to their synagogue [sanctuary: heiron]" (Josephus, Wars of the Jews 7.44) 2. Ptolemy IV Philopater's (222-204 BC) decree refers to synagogues as temples. This may not be a normal use among the Jews: "Anyone who would not sacrifice in their temples [ie. Synagogues: heiron] shall enter, and all the Judeans shall be subjected to enrollment for poll tax and to servile status; and those who speak out against this are to be brought by force to be put to death" (Ptolemy IV Philopater 222-204 BC; 3 Maccabees 2:28, 75 BC) 3. "The "Therapeutae" were a Jewish monastic order in Egypt of self ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Names-Collective-House-Prayer-Synagogue-proseuche-Sanctuary-Temple-first-century-early-Christian-Church-New-Testament-worship-patterned-prototype-ancient.htm

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Introduction: Standardized Architectural Synagogue Signature ... ... Only after about 100-200 AD did synagogues begin to take special care to be facing Jerusalem. b. See detailed section below. 2. Variations in physical location and setting: a. Each of synagogues was built in a different setting. b. The Delos synagogue had formerly been a private home near the sea, and at Gamla the synagogue was located in the one large public building of the city (at least of those heretofore excavated) near the city wall. c. A synagogues was built into a Herodian complex where a the dining area (triclinium) of the king's palace atop the mountain was modified by the first Jewish war Zealot ... Churches on the other hand, borrowed synagogue typology wholesale with a few adaptations. 2. REJECTED THEORY: Synagogues architecturally borrowed from Pagan temples: Jews simply would not adopt a floor plan of a pagan temple so this must be rejected outright. 3. REJECTED THEORY: Synagogues architecturally borrowed from Roman basilicas: None of the pre-70 AD synagogues were ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Architectural-Introduction-master-Summary-chart-ancient-synagogue-pre-70AD-standardized-typology-design-prototype-spiritualized-similarities-into-church.htm

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The transition from Temple to Synagogue to church: God's eternal ... ... Here is a real widow's mite (Prutah of Alexander Jannaeus) excavated by the author at Kh. Maqatir in 2013 AD and a drawing of same coin to right. E. 31 BC: The Roman Empire: "The time is fulfilled, the kingdom of God (church) is at hand: Mk 1:15 1. As part of God's providence to pave the way for the birth of the church, Julius Caesar issued a series of imperial decrees recorded by Josephus that protected every synagogue in the world. By protecting each and ... The Pharisees controlled the thousands of Greek speaking synagogues in Judea and outside. c. "The significance of the Acts [6:1-5] passage is twofold. The list of Diaspora Jewish communities in Jerusalem is impressive. In contrast to Acts 2:5-11, which attests to a large and multifarious gathering "from every nation" in the Diaspora on the festival of Shavuot," our passage speaks of the institutionalized presence of Diaspora Jews in the city. (The Ancient Synagogue, Lee Levine, p56, 1999 AD) d. "Philo of Alexandria, Egypt, he ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Gods-eternal-plan-purpose-providential-transition-from-Temple-to-Synagogue-to-Church-prophecy-fulfilled.htm

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Philo of Alexandria 50 AD (Jewish philosopher) Philo's Arabia at Midian is also Paul's Arabia where Mt. Sinai is located (Gal 4:25). Introduction: 1. Philo was a Jewish philosopher who was born in Alexandria, Egypt. His family was powerful and ... him in his march, from fear of being overthrown and enslaved by such a multitude, and so, if a war arose, they might be again driven back into Egypt, falling from one enemy to another, and being ... not surrounded by any abundance of necessaries, but were but scantily provided and nearly in actual want." (Philo, Moses I 163-164) b. "Concerning the holy city [Jerusalem] I must now say what is necessary. ... This wilderness before the crossing point is almost always overlooked: Judges 11:16; Exodus 13:18. Philo describes it in detail. B. Mt. Sinai in Arabia Both Philo and Josephus, who came after, say ... and Jewish Identity in Hellenistic and Early Roman Egypt, p 166) "In addition to his use of the terms "Arab" and "Arabia," Philo gives us an even more direct indication of where he believed Mt. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-philo-of-alexandria-50ad.htm

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495-399 BC: The Judean Elephantine Egyptian Papyrus letters to ... ... The name of the city probably reflects this trade." (The Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land, Elephantine, 1990 AD) b. "therefore, behold, I am against you ... Jerusalem temple was not completed until 515 BC but here construction began on the walls first and proceeded to the temple itself. They also had hindrances and delays. At elephantine they had no security issues and could immediately commence building the temple. The Jewish Elephantine temple was a simple "tabernacle of Moses" architectural design that would require a perimeter wall and a few interior walls. Such a simple structure could be built quickly. Exactly which Jews would build a temple ... Garrisons were established at the south in Elephantine, and to the northeast at Daphnae. A local war with the Libyans ended successfully for Psammetichus II, and he ... This further evidences that the letter confirms the historicity of Nehemiah. In fact Scholars believe that Nehemiah is correct and Josephus got it wrong in some basic ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-manuscripts-archeology-Elephantine-papyrus-Egypt-Aswan-Syene-Darius-persian-Jewish-colony-temple-burned-Bagohi-Sanballat-passover-wine-fortress-Ezek29-10-495-399BC.htm

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Pre-tribulation Rapture: The Kingdom is the church When Christians saw the signs, they fled the city and were saved. Go to Rapture Refuted home page Click to View The Kingdom of Isaiah 2:2-4; Daniel 2:44; 7:13-14 is the ... Daniel 2:44 shows that the kingdom was established on Pentecost, during the days of the Roman Empire. The time prophecy cannot be fulfilled after 397 AD when Rome fell. ... taught before his end of the world prophecy failed for May 21, 2011 "I also say to you that you are Peter, and upon this rock I will build My church; and the gates of Hades will not overpower it. " (Matthew 16:18) Click to View 2. Isaiah 2:1-4 "The word which Isaiah the son of Amoz saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem. ... Nation will not lift up sword against nation, And never again will they learn war. [fulfilled in the peace between nations in Christ Eph 2:11-16] " (Isaiah 2:1-4) a. ... Ephesians 2:11-16 is a direct fulfillment of Isa 2:2-4. It shows two fulfillments in that the gentiles are saved and the gentiles and the Jews are at peace in Christ: ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/premillennialism-rapture-replacement-theology-supersessionism-kingdom-is-church.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rami-g-khouri-petra ... It is possible that this sacred precinct was first used as a Nabataean necropolis, before becoming a magnificent capital city by the 1st century BC. Even before the historical period, however, the Petra ... This report of Nabataean piracy, probably on the Red Sea, is corroborated by the Roman writer Strabo. Professor Glen Bowersock has suggested that the Nabataeans may have resorted to piracy during the 2nd ... From the 1st century BC, generally reliable historical references to the Nabataeans become more plentiful. Around the year 100 BC, according to the historian Josephus, the Jewish Hasmonaean leader Alexander Jannaeus ... Nabataeans in a manner that would at least neutralise them - through war or peaceful treaty - and avert any possible military threat from the area south of the Decapolis and the Province of Syria. But the feud among the rulers in Jerusalem deflected his attention away from Nabataea, and in 63 BC he personally took control of Jerusalem and returned Hyrcanus to power. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rami-g-khouri-petra-a-guide-to-the-capital-of-the-nabataeans-1986ad.htm

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Acapella Responsive Singing, No Instruments in first century ... time instruments were brought into church worship was in 670 AD in Rome and it was the direct cause of the great split of 1054 AD between the Roman Catholic church and the Orthodox. a. ... Jewish Songbooks and song selections of first century Jews, which would also be used by Christians: a. Ancient Jewish Seven-day songbook of seven Psalms: "The singing which the Levites did sing in the sanctuary: On the first day they did sing, The earth is the Lord's and the fulness thereof, the world and they who live therein (Ps. 24). On the second day they did sing, Great is the Lord and highly to be praised in the city ... not even listen to the sound of your harps." (Amos 5:21-23) 11. As the destruction of Jerusalem on the 10th Av 587 BC approached, Jeremiah said that songs of praise will be sung in the ... Both give highly detailed, but different descriptions of heaven and the spiritual temple. i. Both paint heaven as a beautiful multi-colour place. j. Both feature a war between God and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Acapella-responsive-singing-non-instrumental-first-century-early-Christian-Church-New-Testament-worship-prototype-ancient-Synagogue-ritual-liturgy-worship.htm

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Comparison list of 26 Moses/Paul Shadows, Types, Antitypes and ... Click to View List of 13 Exodus Route types of our salvation in Christ Click to View Replacement Theology: The church replaced the Jewish Temple Introduction: Paul fulfilled the antitype of Moses as the ... Fellow Hebrews rejected the message of truth and salvation Acts 7:39 Acts 18:4-6 16. Both had fellow Jews who chose slavery and bondage over freedom and salvation Ex 14:11-12; Num 14:3-4 Gal 4:25; 5:1-4 ... am a Jew, born in Tarsus of Cilicia, but brought up in this city [Jerusalem], educated under Gamaliel, strictly according to the law of our fathers, being zealous for God just as you all are today." (Acts 22:3) iv. "But when they stretched him out with thongs, Paul said to the centurion who was standing by, "Is it lawful for you to scourge a man who is a Roman and uncondemned?" ... Paul was rejected by fellow Jews in Damascus in AD 36: "When many days had elapsed, the Jews plotted together to do away with him, but their plot became known to Saul. They were also watching the gates day ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/prophecy/Messianic-prophecy-Moses-Apostle-Paul-Christ-types-shadows-antitypes-similarities-comparisons-1446BC-AD36.htm

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Synagogue Perimeter Benches: Metaphor of Equality in Christ: ... ... James the apostle, beheaded in Acts 12 wrote in 36 AD to equip the Christians fleeing Jerusalem in Acts 8:1-4, to be careful not to show partiality in church assemblies. This was a corrective matter Jews practiced that was not tolerated in Christ. Notice James calls the assembly a SYNAGOGUE not an ECCLESIA in Jas 2:1-4. Later at the end of the ... to call that sense of oneness into question." (Building Jewish in the Roman East, Peter Richardson, p130, 2004 AD) b. Sardis synagogue imperial decree in 94 BC: "The decree of the Sardians. "This decree was made by the senate and people upon the representation of the praetors:-Whereas those Jews who are our fellow-citizens, and live with us in this city, have ever had great benefits heaped upon them by the ... sorts of food as they esteem fit for their eating, may be imported into the city." (Josephus, Antiquities 14.259-261: decree: 94 BC) c. "Women in the Synagogue: Women frequently attended the synagogue and were present during worship. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Benches-triclinium-seating-Metaphor-Equality-Christ-Architectural-ancient-Synagogue-pre-70AD-standardized-typology-design-incorporated-adopted-similarities-church.htm

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Reconstructing Petra Smithsonian: June 2007; Vol 38 Num 3 By ... Now, however, archaeologists are discovering that ancient Petra was a sprawling city of lush gardens and pleasant fountains, enormous temples and luxurious Roman-style villas. An ingenious ... A worker hands her a piece of Roman glass and a tiny pottery rosette. She pauses to admire them, sets them aside for cataloging, then continues barking at the diggers as they pass rubber ... Her father, a Unitarian minister, and mother, a social worker, left Massachusetts to spend the years before, during and after World War II rescuing and resettling thousands of Jews and anti-Nazi dissidents. When the Gestapo shut down ... Then, on May 19, A.D. 363, a massive earthquake and a powerful aftershock rumbled through the area. A Jerusalem bishop noted in a letter that "nearly half" of Petra was destroyed by the ... Age-old tradition says this desolate spot-"Jebel Haroun" is Arabic for Mount Aaron-is where he died. Today, Jewish Hasidim, Muslim villagers and Christian tourists make the arduous trek up ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-smithsonian-june-2007-vol38-num3.htm

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Coins of the Seleucid Empire: 321-64 BC ... Seleucus VI Epiphanes Nicator Antiochus X Eusebes Antiochus XI Antiochus XI, Demetrius III Eucerus Philip Tigranes of Armenia Conquers Syria 83-69 BC Roman general Pompey the Great ... Commissions the Septuagint version that translated the Hebrew Old Testament into Greek. The city of Alexandria was founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BC. Ptolemy I builds the ... Seleucus IV Philopator 187-175 BC Antiochus IV Epiphanes 175-163 BC In 167 BC Antiochus IV desecrates Jewish Temple as a place of pagan worship. Strangely, this suddenly offended the Jews whose fathers had allowed all the pagan idol gods to co-exist in the temple ... they had torn down the abomination that he had erected on the altar in Jerusalem; and that they had surrounded the sanctuary with high walls as before, and also Beth-zur, his town. ... They gathered together and besieged the citadel in the one hundred fiftieth year; and he built siege towers and other engines of war. But some of the garrison escaped from the siege ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/Jesus-coins-of-the-bible-Seleucid-empire-321-64BC.htm

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Synagogue prototype master summary chart and introduction: The ... ... Decisions made by mutual agreement of all the elders in each assembly. 4. Work: a. Teach Bible b. Benevolence for Jews/Christians only 5. Worship: a. Women not segregated ... worship are the same. 2. Modern Rabbinic Judaism is as foreign from Biblical mosaic temple worship as the Roman Catholic church is foreign from New Testament Christianity. a. ... While both groups would deny they follow their man-made writings and creeds to the exclusion of the Bible, in functional practice it is absolutely true. 3. Current Jewish law is centrally embodied (but no exclusively) in the Babylonian Talmud which is about 16,530 pages (The earlier Jerusalem ... Notice the words in Philo Embassy/Flaccum 121-124 b. "being driven out by men and robbed of everything else in the world, and being deprived of our city, and of all the ... when they had spent the whole night in hymns and songs, they poured out through the gates at the earliest dawn, and hastened to the nearest point of the shore, for they had ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Worship-Introduction-master-Summary-chart-Synagogue-First-century-early-Christian-Church-New-Testament-patterned-copied-ancient-prototype-ritual-liturgy.htm

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Civil Courts, beating and scourging in Synagogues, Slavery jail ... This brand new study sheds a positive light on the role slavery had in rehabilitating criminals and providing welfare for the poor. Confinement was something completely foreign in the Jewish Legal system. Read ... Five times I received from the Jews thirty-nine lashes. Three times I was beaten with rods, once I was stoned, three times I was shipwrecked, a night and a day I have spent in the deep." (2 Corinthians 11:23-25) ... Research, Rachel Hachlili, p17, 2013 AD) 2. Synagogues borrowing from the civic function of ancient city gates, were full blown legal courts: a. "Therefore, behold, I am sending you prophets and wise men and ... Upon their petition therefore to me, that these might be lawful for them, I give order that these their privileges be preserved, and they be permitted to do accordingly." (Josephus Antiquities 14.235, decree: 49 BC) d. Babylonian Talmud on first century synagogue courts: "Three judges of civil law were in Jerusalem, Admon, Hanan, and Nahum. Said ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Courts-ancient-Synagogue-Civil-judgment-Slavery-jail-beating-scourging-Columns-first-century-early-Christian-Church-New-Testament-worship-patterned-prototype.htm

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History of Biblical coins, how they were made, money weight system ... On the reverse side the eagle standing on the prow of the boat remained basically unchanged. The shekel of Tyre was minted between 125 BC and 66 AD when the first Jewish war broke out. It was the standard coin (and the only coin) accepted in the Jewish temple at ... Coins have had different values in each of the Persian, Hasmonean and Roman period. There have been noted devaluations of coins in both the Hasmonean time (75-40 BC and 50 AD) Neither the Bible, nor Josephus give us the names of the Jewish bronze coins that were used at the time of Jesus. Coins were valued by weight and the inscriptions on each but the weights varied for coins of the same value. The valuation of the prutah, lepton and half-prutah as specific denominations cannot be established by their weights alone, given the variations for all three. Archeological excavations at Khirbet el Maqatir in Israel (Ai of Joshua, Ephraim of Jesus) located 15 km north of Jerusalem have uncovered a first century city and hundreds ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/bible-coins-history-money-weight-system.htm

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The Exodus Route: Goshen and Ramses ... thirsty diaspora Jews gathered in homes to read their new Greek Torah for the first time in their lives and pray to YHWH. Since Hebrew had been was extinct among the Jewish population since 500 BC, this became the standard "pulpit Bible" in the thousands of synagogues all around the world and was used exclusively in Judea at the time of Christ and the Apostles. Only the Temple Sadducees continued to speak Hebrew in their worship services to an Aramaic and Greek speaking audience the same way Roman Catholics today use Latin in English speaking audiences. These Jerusalem Temple approved ... Lake Goshen, also known in Egyptian inscriptions (Papyrus Anastasi VI:4) as Lakes of Pithom and was located in the Wadi Tumilat, as was the city of Goshen (Heroonpolis = Tell el-Maskhuta) and ... b. "Come, let us deal wisely with them, or else they will multiply and in the event of war, they will also join themselves to those who hate us, and fight against us and depart from the land." ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-goshen.htm

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Marriage in the Bible ... The First stage of a Jewish marriage, (the signing of the "ketubbah") is the last stage of modern weddings (the signing of the marriage license that you buy at city hall). Since Jewish marriages were sealed when ... disposed to this match, she immediately agreed to it; but when Sylleus was desired to come over to the Jewish religion, and then he should marry her, and that it was impossible to do it on any other terms, he ... Wars of the Jews 1.240-241 ii. "(325) But Messala contradicted them, on behalf of the young men, and all this in the presence of Hyrcanus, who was Herod's father-in-law already. (Antiquities 14.325) [footnote: We may here take ... See Matt. 1:16. footnote at Antiquities 14.325, The works of Josephus: Complete and unabridged, Josephus, F., & Whiston, W., 1987 AD] iii. "(465) When the rigor of winter was over, Herod removed his army, and came near to Jerusalem, and pitched his camp hard by the city. Now this was the third year since he had been made king at Rome; ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/marriage/ancient-jewish-three-stage-weddings-and-marriage-customs-ceremony-in-the-bible.htm

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