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Ein El Qedeis: "Piltdown Kadesh" Kadesh Barnea: 1881 - 1916 AD Modern Jewish funerals are also called a "kadesh" because they are sacred and holy. The fact that 3 million Hebrews died during the exodus ... Arabah Valley in the search for Kadesh Barnea. 100 years later, we are using the Bible to again look for Kadesh at or near the Petra area. ... Robinson, looked for Kadesh-Barnea in the Aravah, the deep geomorphic rift extending from the southern end of the Dead Sea to the Red Sea. ... In the 1880s, Henry Clay Trumbull suggested Ein-Qedeis, in the northern Sinai, as the site of Kadesh-Barnea. What appeared to be the retention of the Biblical ... On his leaving Jerusalem for his home, he took the route by Hebron and Gaza in order that he might pursue his search on the strength of the ... of about six hours' journey, and keeps the way open between Arabia Petraea and the south of Palestine. "In the northern third of this ... Hor. In earlier times the gulf of 'Akabah reached farther north than it does to-day, and a passage from the eastern side over to El Tih may ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-ein-qedeis.htm

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The Number of the Exodus Jews. The population of the Exodus Hebrews The Number of the Exodus How many Hebrews were in the Exodus 2.5-3.5 million Click to View Exodus Route home page Click to View Miracles of the Exodus and Red Sea Crossing Click to View Excluded Exodus Routes: Nuweiba Beech, Bitter lakes, Gulf of Suez, Mt. Musa, Mt. Karkom, Ein el-Qudeirat. Click to View Overview ... today. 3 million in 1446 BC is a very believable number. 2. AD 50: Apion was an ancient Egyptian who hated the Jews claimed there were only 110,000 Jews in the Exodus. ... Exodus 12:37 600,000 on foot left Egypt: 1446 BC Numbers 11:21 603,550 men over 20 years Mt. Sinai: 1446 BC Numbers 1:45-46 601,730 males Jordan River: 1406 BC Numbers ... Numbers 4:45-48 4. 1446 BC 3000 killed by Levites Golden Calf at Sinai Exodus 32:28,35 5. 1430 BC 14,700 killed by God Kadesh Barnea Numbers 16:49 6. 1407 BC many killed ... your neighborhood? (385) This country is extended as far as the Ethiopians, and Arabia the Happy, and borders upon India; it hath seven million five hundred thousand ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-population-of-jews-hebrews.htm

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The True Mount Hor, Jebel Maderah. George L. Robinson, The Biblical ... ... Trumbull, Kadesh-Barnea, p. 131); the Crusaders identified Jebel Haroun with Mt. Sinai (cf. BriAnnow, Die Provincia Arabia, p. 188). zL Cf. Robinson, Biblical Researches, Vol. II, p. 576, n. 1. ~2 Cf. Doughty, Arabia Deserta, 1888, Vol. I, p. 40. 98 THE BIBLICAL WORLD sacred mosque which adorns ... This is a most excellent road. Surely no one who has actually climbed up from the `Arabah to Petra would ever think of that pass as the route by which Moses wished to cross Edom's territory. And in any case, being refused by the king, is it ... ioo THE BIBLICAL WORLD that they must retrace their steps and journey by the Red Sea in order to compass the land of Edom, and it is stated in the record that ... Hor, are Wilton (The Negeb, pp. 127 ff.); Trumbull (Kadesh-Barnea, pp. r3 s ff.); Buhl (Die Geschichte der Edomiler, p. 23); G. B. Gray (Commentary on Numbers, p. z7o); and Baentsch (Exodus, Leviticus, and Numbers, p. 572.) (The True Mount Hor, Jebel Maderah. George L. Robinson, The Biblical ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-true-mount-hor-the-biblical-world-george-l-robinson-1908ad.htm

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Solomon's network of military border fortresses in the Negev These 50 military fortresses were dotted throughout the Negev, and end at the Egyptian border and the southern Arabah valley. By simply plotting the ... Fortresses near Beersheba built by David. Fortresses in Negev built by Solomon to protect trade routes to the Red Sea and Ezion-Geber. Meshel: 1994 ... or before, and relates them to the inhabitants of the Negev in the period before the Exodus-the Amalekites-and attributes their destruction to David. ... which would safeguard the lucrative trade routes with South Arabia and East Africa as well as with the various mining operations in the Arabah and Sinai." (Kadesh Barnea: Judah's Last Outpost, Carol Meyers, 1976 AD) "Another reason I ... north side of the gulf of Aqaba, Solomon did not claim control. The ancient Egyptian mining port island of Jezirat Faraun remained in firm Egyptian control and Solomon dare not attempt to touch this. And "above all, south of Qadesh Barnea along important Darb Ghazza, the main route to the Gulf of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-davids-negev-border-fortress-network.htm

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597 BC: Arad Ostraca #24: Letter from Zedekiah to send troops ... During the time of the Exodus 1446 BC, Edom's territory ran beside Kadesh Barnea at Nabatean Petra from the gulf of Aqaba north to the Wadi Zered at the south end of the Salt Sea. After continuously occupying their historic Transjordan lands for 1321 years, ... I am sending you this message to warn you now: these men must be with Elisha in case the Edomites9 come!" For red footnotes see below. Brackets [...] indicate missing, damaged ... is important because it proves Kadesh Barnea CANNOT be located at Ein Qudeirat in the Sinai, but rather at Petra. Kadesh Barnea is located ON THE BORDER with Edom and because Edom was never anywhere near ... We may suppose that this is an Egyptian hieratic numeral as in the other inscriptions from Arad and elsewhere in Judah and Israel. Since a horizontal line connects to the ... I, cols. 170-79; Lemaire, Ostraca, p. 255. And vid. also the name Uriyahu in Inscription 31:2. Footnote 10. In contrast to the assumption of Cross and Freedman, Orthography, pp. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-ostracon-Arad24-letters-edomite-threat-send-troops-life-and-death-matter-Eliashib-Malchijah-Elisha-Ramah-Negev-Tel-Ira-Kinah-Horvat-Uza-Edom-Zedekiah-597bc.htm

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Joshua's Altar on Mt. Ebal and the Lead Curse Tablet ... name, "YHWH", which God first revealed to Moses at the burning bush in 1447 BC at the foot of Mt Sinai near Midian in Saudi Arabia. ... One ill-fated tour, in October 2000, ended with the death of Rabbi Binyamin Herling, one of several hikers who left the main route ... In Level I (the later phase), many new structures were added (tinted red). The Israelites constructed a thin stone wall parallel to ... a series of Hebrew "Sinai Inscriptions" at Serabit el-Khadim that he dated to the time of the exodus. Although Zertal never tested the origin of the pumice, it may have been from the Thera eruption, which Manfred Bietak (excavator of Goshen at Tel el-Dab'a) dated to the time of Thutmoses III using low Egyptian chronology. ... 1985 AD) During the exodus, Moses camped at Succoth on the Gulf of Suez, at a location which is directly adjacent the turquoise ... The ground of your land shall be a marsh of ... , so that you will certainly sink and be unable to cross. You, Shattiwaza, and you ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-altar-of-joshua.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt ... Eratosthenes makes the same geographical errors of his predecessors Herodotus, Hecataeus, Hesiod and Hecataeus by ignoring Israel and having no working knowledge of the Sinai Peninsula, Gulf of Suez and Aqaba. As you can see from the map that was drawn by following his writings, he saw the Red Sea as a single finger of water. But notice he places Arabia far south and away from Egypt. This is Strabo's account in 15 AD of what Eratosthenes said about Arabia: "But I return to Eratosthenes, who next sets forth his opinions concerning Arabia. He says concerning the northerly, or desert, part of Arabia, which lies between Arabia Felix [Yemen] and Coelê-Syria [east of Jordan] and Judaea, extending as far as the recess of the Arabian Gulf, that from the City of Heroes, [Heroönpolis or Goshen] which forms a recess of the Arabian Gulf near the Nile, the distance in the direction of the Petra of the Nabataeans to Babylon is five thousand six hundred stadia [1120 km, actual distance is 1200 km ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-eratosthenes-200bc.htm

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Timna: Valley of the Biblical Copper Mines, Beno Rothenberg, ... ... to twelfth centuries c and there is good archaeological evidence for its origin in north-west Arabia, in the area of Midian. ... concepts regarding the Exodus. 184 The Hathor Temple and its Implications Jezirat Fara'un - an Egyptian mining port? ... God's Wilderness, Discoveries in Sinai and in Negev and need not be repeated here. The remains relevant to this chapter are ... of a regular shipping route to Atika and its identification with the Arabah mines, we now propose to identify early Jezirat Fara'un as a Pharaonic mining harbour. This Egyptian mining port would later be the obvious anchorage for King Solomon's Tarshish ships as it was the main and probably only safe port of the northern Red Sea during all sub-sequent ancient periods. ... of Israel on a short reconnaissance of the undersea terrain around the island of Jezirat Fara'un in the Gulf of Eilat. ... Thus the total thickness of the compound wall is 204 nearly four metres. The casemate part of the wall is formed by cross ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-timna-valley-of-the-biblical-copper-mines-beno-rothenberg-1969ad.htm

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Ezion-Geber, Nelson Glueck, Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh ... therefore the description in I Kings 9:26 of Ezion-geber's being located "beside Eloth, on the shore of the Red Sea, in the land of Edom." ... as one comes from the western side of the north shore of the gulf, and the fact that the shoreline in front of it is free of rocks ... 237; Wheeler, in Piggott, The Dawn of Civilization, pp. 244-5; Cross and Wright, Journal of Biblical Literature, LXXV, (1956), 225. 11. ... of much of the pottery of Iron I-II in an area comprising the Negeb, Sinai, the Arabah, and much of Arabia. Tell el-Kheleifeh was obviously a central point of that area." ... Ezion-geber I with its central structure and enclosing wall may have been destroyed by Shishak (the Egyptian Pharaoh Sheshonk) in the ... He captured their great stronghold of Sela, (the Umm el-Biyara of modern Petra), which he 22. AASOR, XIV (1934), 13-15, 22-25; XVIII-XIX ... It preserved thus the name of the original Eloth (I Kings 9:26), that at the time of the Exodus and later may have existed farther east, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-nelson-gluecks-tell-el-kheleifeh-1965ad.htm

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Elijah and Elisha Chronology timeline 870-810 BC ... Many archeological examples of the "woman in the window" as the Egyptian goddess Isis and the cult of Astarte, have been found both in ... your sheep and your oxen; in every place where I cause My name to be remembered, I will come to you and bless you." (Exodus 20:24). ... to loot Judean cities and kill 3000 Judeans on route home to Samaria. In the Battle of Kadesh Barnea (793 BC), Amaziah attacks Edom in the "valley of salt" which is located at the south end of the Salt Sea, then travels south to capture the city of ancient Kadesh Barnea (Petra), which at this time was called "Sela". ... And all the people said, "That is a good idea."" (1 Kings 18:24) a. Moses on Sinai: "And to the eyes of the sons of Israel the ... Kings 21. In parable of the vineyard the Jews kill Jesus (on the cross) to gain possession of the vineyard: Luke 20:9-18. 861 BC 2 Ki ... John the Baptist baptized Jesus in AD 29 (870 years later). It is also an echo of when Moses parted the Red Sea at the Straits of Tiran. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/chronology/bible-chronology-timeline-Elijah-Elisha-John-the-Baptist-Jesus-types-antitypes-870-810BC.htm

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The Exodus Route: Pi-Hahiroth The Exodus Route: Pi-Hahiroth "mouth of water" facing Baal-Zephon: Ex 14:2 Num 33:7: The "mouth of water" or "entrance to the canal" refers to the tri-intersection of the Gulf of Suez, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Gulf of Arabia. The geographic reference "entrance to the canal FACING Baal-Zephon" identifies the shoreline from the southern tip of the modern Sinai Peninsula north towards the Gulf of Aqaba. The Israel Red Sea camp was below the Egyptian military Migdol's watchful eye, at the tri-intersection of the three Gulfs directly opposite Baal-Zephon. Click to View Exodus Route home page Click to View Overview map (Click on photo for high resolution) Click to View Satellite map (Click on photo for high resolution) Click to View Goshen Succoth Migdol Etham Pi Hahiroth Baal Zephon Straits of Tiran Introduction: 1. Two Bible verse: Ex 14:2 Num 33:7 2. The Hebrew word "Pi-Hahiroth" is a metaphoric term that means any or all of the following: a. "mouth of water" b. "mouth of the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-pi-hahiroth.htm

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Saul Hunts David. Timeline, maps, chronology, sermons of Judges ... ... In other words, while lying has always been sin, the sabbath did not exist before Ex 16 and was abolished at the cross. Therefore lying is always ... The wilderness of Paran is located Transjordan, east and south of Petra. What important place was located in the wilderness of Paran? Kadesh Barnea the ancient city of the dead where 3 million Hebrews died and were buried during the Exodus in 1444-1406 BC. Just as Elijah and Paul make pilgrimages to Mt. Sinai (see Gal 1:17), so too David made a pilgrimage to Kadesh, the ancient burial place of Israelites. Samuel is ... the Girzites: unknown the Amalekites: this was a large group of caravan traders like the Ishmaelite's who travelled the vast deserts in Arabia. ... A medium! Earlier, the Philistines were on route to Aphek, while Israel camped in Jezreel. The 4 other Philistine lords mistrust David and Achish ... It also echoes the time when Israel was fleeing from Pharaoh through the Red Sea and God's miracles did not allow their foot to slip as they made ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-maps-timeline-chronology-1samuel-21-31-saul-david-on-the-run-1012-1004bc.htm

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The Exodus Route: 2nd Red Sea Camp The Exodus Route: The Second Red Sea Camp: Num 33:10-11 Click to View The 2nd Red Sea Camp (located on the Arabian Gulf) Num 33:10-11 Click to View Exodus Route home page Click to View Overview map (Click on photo for high resolution) Click to View Satellite map (Click on photo for ... of Shur Click to View Marah Click to View Elim Click to View Red Sea Camp Click to View Wilderness of Sin Click to View Dophkah Click to View Alush Click to View Rephidim (Meribah) Click to View Wilderness of Sinai Click to View Mt. ... Sinai after crossing at Nuweiba is deeply flawed because it provided no logical opportunity or solution for a second red sea camp as scripture says. The same failure is true for those who cross at Nuweiba then take the northern route to ... Fritz rationalizes the otherwise absurd two day journey from Elim (Al Bad) to the Gulf of Aqab (Maqnah) by suggesting the Hebrews were motivated to collect the debris from the Egyptian army after they drowned in the sea the week before. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-red-sea-camp.htm

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Sabbatatrians Refuted and Sabbath keepers Exposed: 2011 AD ... One week before observing the first Sabbath ever kept by anyone, they marched 20 kilometers from their camp by the Red Sea to the edge of ... APOLOGIST BRENDAN: From the time that the Israelites refused to enter the Promised Land at Kadesh, the Scriptures reveal that the Hebrews ... Circumcision was required to partake of the Passover (Exodus 12:43-49) and they did not eat it during all the 40 years in the wilderness ... Sinai to the Cross. BARRIER: THE SABBATH IS A TREATY WITH A CEREMONIAL REQUIREMENT IN THE MIDDLE Robert Brinsmead's intense research prior to the ... (1) to help Israel remember that God created the world, and (2) to help Israel remember that God rescued them from Egyptian slavery. ... See: https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-travel-times-distances-days.htm THE HEBREW LINGUISTICS OF EXODUS 16 EVIDENCE ... One covenant is from Mount Sinai and bears children who are to be slaves: This is Hagar. 25 Now Hagar stands for Mount Sinai in Arabia and ... ... https://www.bible.ca/7-lying-for-god-Kerry-Wynne.htm

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Water from a Rock: Mt. Sinai (Lawz) and Kadesh (Petra) Wadi Musa ... Sinai (Lawz) and Kadesh (Petra) Click to View Mt. Sinai and Kadesh Barnea "Waters of Massah/Meribah" "The rock was Christ." (1 Cor 10:4) Introduction: The imagery of God being "the Rock of our salvation" is an anti-type found throughout the Bible and had its origin with the Exodus when God brought water out of the rock through Moses. Twice during the exodus (Sinai and Kadesh), Israel complained to God and ... Numbers 20:13 We have always wondered why Israel did not have the faith to just ask God for water. After all, they just saw the 10 plaques, the parting the Red Sea and have been getting Manna ... Musa in the Sinai Peninsula and Mt Lawz in north Saudi Arabia) There is no known place at Mt. Musa in the Sinai Peninsula that would be the place the rock split and the water came out. But since ... There is now pointed out the rock which flowed for Moses (which Moses struck and gave water to the people)." (The Onomasticon and the Exodus route. by Eusebius, 325AD) C. What the Bible says ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-moses-struck-rock-waterless.htm

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Claudius Ptolemy "Geography" 150 AD Ptolemy had a poor understanding of the Gulf of Aqaba which caused 16th century map makers to ignore it altogether. h. Since AD 1600, ignorance of the Gulf of Aqaba has hindered research into considering a Red Sea crossing on the Gulf of Aqaba and a Mt. Sinai in Saudi Arabia. 3. AD 150 Claudius ... The grid numbers for Petra are "66°45' . 30°20'" but these in no way correspond to our modern global grid system in Google Earth etc. The grid numbers do allow the creation of a map that shows the relative locations of places ... Ptolemy defines the northwestern portion of the Sinai Peninsula as Egyptian territory, the rest is Arabia Petra. b. Ptolemy considers the area inside the triangle between Pelusium, Heroon/Arsinoe [Port of Suez] and Gaza to all be part of Egyptian territory. Ptolemy considered Rhinocolura and Raphia to be part of Egypt in AD 150. Before AD 50 and at the time of Strabo, Rhinocolura was an Arab controlled port city for the Arabic trade route. The central and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-ptolemy-150ad.htm

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The Exodus Route: Succoth The Exodus Route: The Succoth Stop Hebrew miners at Serabit el-Khadim join Moses. The stop at Succoth was not to rest, it was to collect the Hebrew workers at the Egyptian controlled copper and turquoise mines at Serabit el-Khadim. They travelled day and night by miracle. Two Egyptian copper/turquoise mines were in full operation in 1446 BC in the Sinai. Succoth "block, stop the approach, shut off, cover" (Theological Workbook Old Testament: 1492 ... Straits of Tiran Introduction: 1. Located 120 km south of the Port of Suez, 160 km north of Red sea crossing (Straits of Tiran) 2. We have no idea exactly where Succoth is ... The 290 km coastal plain on the east side of the Gulf of Suez is flat and wide except for the 16 km section of medium difficulty, hilly terrain. Israel camped on the southern side ... Saturday - Friday 220 km Red Sea Camp: 484 km Exodus 14:1-4 17-24 Saturday-Saturday 24 km Cross Red sea: 500 km Exodus 14:13-31 25 Sunday 16 km Total 500 km Calculating rates of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-succoth.htm

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Master Index of Places Herodion Jarmuth Jericho of Jesus Jericho of Joshua Jesus Boat, Galilee Joshua's Altar on Mt. Ebal Kadesh Barnea, El-Beidha (Petra) Kiriath-jearim Lachish Libnah Madaba Map: 542 AD Mareshah Mt. Karkom Mt. Musa (Mt. Sinai) Ramah Ramon Crater ... Wilderness of Sin Wilderness of Sinai Wilderness of Paran Wilderness of Zin Wilderness of Kadesh Click to View Other places in Israel: Temple Mount Pool of Siloam City of David Hezekiah's Tunnel Solomon's Quarry Solomon's Aqueduct Gilgal Ascent of Akrabbim Mt. Karkom Wadi el-Arish Timna Bethlehem Arabah valley Joshua's Altar Shechem Mt. Ebal Mt. Gerizim The Exodus Route: Proving the Exodus route from the Bible Date of the exodus was 1446 BC History of the search for Kadesh Excluding various exodus routes: Bitter lakes, Gulf of Suez, Mt. Musa, Ein el-Qudeirat, Mt. Karkom, Lake Sirbonis, Lake Ballah, Nuweiba Beach. The Exodus route stops in order: Discussion about each of the four legs of the exodus journey: Click to View Goshen to Red Sea ... ... https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-index.htm

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The Exodus Route: Wilderness of Etham Click to View Mt. Sinai Introduction: 1. There is are two Ethams in the Exodus route: a. One before they crossed the Red Sea and the "wilderness of Etham" after they crossed. 2. There are a number of ways of viewing the wilderness of Etham: a. It may be a textual gloss: Etham is not found in the LXX in Number 33:8. The Hebrew has no vowels and "Etham" is almost identical to "them". Perhaps the Masoretes erred when they added the vowelling. Many commentators completely ignore it in Num 33:8. b. It may be derived from Egyptian word for wall/... Etham is simply Egyptian for Hebrew Shur, both meaning "wall, fortification."" (The JPS Torah Commentary: Numbers 33:8, 1999 AD) c. It may simply mean there is a place called Etham on both sides of the Gulf of Aqaba at the ... C. Discussion about the location of Mt. Sinai: 1. Some try to use the Wilderness of Etham as a reason why Mt. Sinai could not be Saudi Arabia. They try to butt the wilderness of Etham somewhere beside or near the town of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-wilderness-of-etham.htm

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The Exodus Route: Alush ... This proves the word "stages" means smaller travel groups of the larger population in Ex 17:1. Traditional Exodus route to Mt. Musa or Mt. Sin Bisher or the Nuweiba Red Sea crossing fails: Expected difficulty of Terrain of Exodus Route They Journeyed by stages between the Wilderness of Sin and Rephidim: Ex 17:1 Route Terrain expected from Bible narrative Terrain encountered ... Click to View Bible Click to View 100% Perfect fit Click to View 40% failure Click to View 40% failure 1: Rudd: Red sea crossing is at Tiran, Mt. Sinai is Lawz, Kadesh is at Petra. 2: Frantz: Red sea crossing is at Ballah, Mt. Sinai is Sin Bisher, Kadesh is at Qudeirat. 3: Fritz: Red sea crossing is at Nuweiba, Mt. Sinai is Lawz, ... First, before the Red Sea crossing in the Wadi Watir (78 km). Second, after crossing the Red Sea at Nuweiba to the Al Bad (93 km). Third, the "backtrack" from Al Bad to the Gulf of Aqaba and back to Al Bad (64 km). Forth, the route through Dophkah and Alush (54 km). This contradicts ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-alush.htm

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The Exodus Route: Dophkah The Exodus Route: Dophkah (Stage 1 of 2) Dophkah (stage 1) Click to View Exodus Route home page Click to View Overview map (Click on photo for high resolution) Click to View Satellite map (Click on photo for high resolution) Click to View Exodus locations: Click to View Wilderness of Shur Click to View Marah Click to View Elim Click to View Red Sea Camp Click to View Wilderness of Sin Click to View Dophkah Click to View Alush Click to View Rephidim (Meribah) Click to View Wilderness of Sinai ... Alush to Sinai Easy Easy Easy Easy Sinai to Kadesh Easy Easy Difficult via Ezion Geber Easy Assessment Click to View Bible Click to View 100% Perfect fit Click to View 40% failure Click to View 40% failure 1: Rudd: Red sea crossing is at Tiran, Mt. Sinai is Lawz, Kadesh is at Petra. 2: Frantz: Red sea crossing is at ... Second, after crossing the Red Sea at Nuweiba to the Al Bad (93 km). Third, the "backtrack" from Al Bad to the Gulf of Aqaba and back to Al Bad (64 km). Forth, the route through ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-dophkah.htm

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Archaeology and the Religions of Canaan and Israel, Beth Alpert ... ... The Priestly texts of Exodus, Leviticus and Numbers (like those of Ezekiel 40-48) describe an ornate cultic practice concerned with holiness, ... Cross 1973: 314; Friedman 1987: 214-15; Anderson 1992b: 876; Milgrom 1992: 454), consensus about whether H was a separate document, and about ... They were often constructed in pairs.1 Crenellations or rows of cairns are found throughout the Sinai and Negev, in Transjordan and elsewhere. ... Some part of the plastered façade was painted red. A deposit of votive bowls and oil lamps was placed just outside the entryway and the stone ... Summary: Middle Bronze IIA Although the full story of Egyptian involvement in MB IIA Canaan is not yet known, it is clear that there was a ... 3073 (Loud 1939) demonstrates Megiddo's continuing importance as a strategic Egyptian stronghold on the route to Hatti (Singer 1988/89). ... Kuntillet ªAjrud was a mid-ninth to mid-eighth century B.C.E. caravanserai located about 50 km south of Kadesh Barnea. The site's location at ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-archaeology-and-the-religions-of-Canaan-and-israel-beth-alpert-nakhai.htm

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Mt. Karkom, Israel Karkom], Professor Emmanuel Anati, believes it to have been the mountain of the Ten Commandments (i.e. Mount Horeb). He is wrong in this assumption, but he has indeed found one of the most important places in the Exodus story. for ... Emmanuel Anati's proposed 11 day journey from Mt. Sinai to Kadesh (Deut 1:2) must also be rejected, since it does not go through Ezion-Geber. (see below) We find it incredible that Anati would use the Bible to map each station, yet ignore the fact the Bible explicitly says that Ezion-Geber was one of the stations in that route. Paul said that Mt. Sinai was in Arabia (Gal 4:25) no the land of Canaan or the Egyptian Sinai. In the allegory of Gal 4, Ishmael lived where Mt. Sinai literally was located. Yet we know from the ... There are several major areas of cult worship on top of the mountain. Idolatry was common during Israel's entire history. On a hill top, one km east of Mt. Hor at Petra, there is an ancient altar that is oriented due east and is also ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-mt-sinai-mt-har-karkom.htm

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Herodotus 484 - 424 BC (Greek Geographer/historian) ... There were a series of seaports also occupied by the Arabs south of Gaza that included Arish. The Sinai was not considered Arabia merely because the Arabs controlled the final shipping port at Arish. The geographic proximity of Goshen allowed the Arabs to control both the Philistine coastal route, but any goods entering Egypt at the seaport of the Gulf of Suez. "The country between the Nile and the Arabian Gulf [Suez] is Arabia, and at its extremity is situated ... Looking at these modern reconstructions, we immediately notice two glaring problems with his geography that modern cartographers accurately drew. First the Red sea is a ... author ever called any freshwater lake a "Sea of Reeds". Those who say so are perpetuating a fiction to prop up wrong and failing exodus routes at or near the Bitter lakes. ... Tell el-Maskhuta]; it issues into the Red Sea. Digging began in the part of the Egyptian plain nearest to Arabia; the mountains that extend to Memphis (the mountains where ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-herodotus-484bc.htm

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Bible Only Revelation Commentary by Steven Rudd ... Paul was the "Moses-like lawgiver" of the New Covenant who learned the law directly from Jesus at Mt. Sinai in Arabia. (Gal Indeed, the author ... "They took Jesus, therefore, and He went out, bearing His own cross, to the place called the Place of a Skull, which is called in Hebrew ... Commonly called a Tyrant: "In my travels, which have been wider than ever man yet accomplished, I have seen many, many wild beasts of Arabia ... bandit's-until the scholarly world gradually heard of what an Egyptian farmer had stumbled upon that December day in 1945." (Nag Hammadi ... The New Testament concept of God dwelling in Christians traces its origin to God dwelling in the pillar of fire during the exodus and the ... The lack of details, at this late date is a red flag and show it to be an editorial fabrication and embellishment based upon Eusebius. viii. ... The Zealots seek help of Idumeans (at Petra) and they agree and bring and army of 20,000 to Jerusalem. (Josephus Wars 4:225-235) Ananus locks ... ... https://www.bible.ca/revelation/

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The Exodus Route: Migdol "Egyptian Military Watchtower" The Exodus Route: Migdol (Egyptian Watchower) Click to View Migdol "Watchtower" Click to View Exodus Route home page Click to View Overview map (Click on photo for high ... It refers to one of many Egyptian military lookout posts scattered across Egypt. b. The existence of the Egyptian migdol's are confirmed by archeology. 2. We have no archaeological evidence for any migdol at the Straits of Tiran, but this is a very likely place for one to have existed, given the tri-intersection of the Red ... In the Late Bronze Age, Egypt controlled the mines at Serabit el-Khadim on the east side of the Gulf of Suez and the Timna mines 15 km north of Elat on the Gulf of ... Saturday - Friday 220 km Red Sea Camp: 484 km Exodus 14:1-4 17-24 Saturday-Saturday 24 km Cross Red sea: 500 km Exodus 14:13-31 25 Sunday 16 km Total 500 km ... Red Sea Crossing at Tiran (16 km included in Goshen to Red Sea 500 km) 16 km 1 - 1 16 km/day 10 miles/day Red Sea to Sinai (Camp days: 7 days in wilderness of Sin ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-migdol.htm

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Ein El Weibeh: K. Von Raumer's choice for Kadesh Barnea in 1831 ... route of the Exodus, had passed out of currency by late antiquity. Discussion of the site's location, until the 19th century, was based completely on the diverse literary sources. In 1807, however, U. J. Seetzen entered the Negev in the course of his Levantine travels (1854: 1-68), opening this area to modern exploration. At first the search for Kadesh-barnea focused on the Arabah, the deep, desolate geological fissure extending from the south end of the Dead Sea to the Gulf ... Click to View In 1856, Arthur Penrhyn Stanley rejected Weibeh and stated that Petra was the location of Kadesh. Speaking of Mt. Hor beside Petra Stanley said: "It is one ... Its rock-hewn caves may have served in part for the dwellings, in part for the graves of the Israelites." (Sinai and Palestine, in connection with their history, Arthur ... that Ain Hasb was the access road through which Israel asked permission to cross through to get up to Jericho to enter the promised land: "In Moses' time Bozrah was ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-weibeh.htm

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Midianite Pottery: The designer import of the ancient world. Evidence of habitation and culture from that same time period—the presumed time of the Exodus—is practically nonexistent in the Sinai peninsula. Harvard scholar Frank Moore Cross believes that the paucity of evidence in Sinai—and the considerable remains in Qurayyah, Al-Bad' and other Midianite sites—points in favor of an Arabian location for Mt. Sinai." (Mt. Sinai—in Arabia?, Bible Review, Apr 2000, Allen Kerkeslager) Midianite pottery ... This proves outright Egyptian control at the time of the Exodus, changing to a partnership with Israel until the mines were abandoned in 1200 BC. Then Egypt was expelled entirely ... as the ancient metalworkers of the southernmost Arabah and in the area of the Red Sea." (Timna, Beno Rothenberg, 1969 AD) Timna and Jezirat Faraun were used at the same ... C. Midianite pottery found at Qudeirat. Qudeirat is where most people wrongly believe Kadesh Barnea is located. It is virtually on every Bible map produced for the last 75 years. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-midianite-pottery.htm

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597 BC: Arad Ostraca #40: Zedekiah and the Edomite invasion into ... During the time of the Exodus 1446 BC, Edom's territory ran beside Kadesh Barnea at Nabatean Petra from the gulf of Aqaba north to the Wadi Zered at the south end of the Salt Sea. After continuously occupying their historic Transjordan lands for 1321 years, they began to move west into the Judean Negev, for ... The King of Juda[h]6 should know [that we are] [un]able to send the [troops until] the evil that Edo[m5 devises dis]appears. (Steve Rudd adapted from Naaman and Aharoni, 2015 AD) For red footnotes see below. Brackets [...] ... death pen-alty for its commands to be obeyed." (Ostracon 40 from Arad reconsidered, Nadav na'aman, 2003 AD) This is important because it proves Kadesh Barnea CANNOT be located at Ein Qudeirat in the Sinai, but rather at Petra. ... Previously, I also read, instead of in line 6, but additional photographs convinced me that the reading is preferable. Footnote 7. Koehler-Baumgartner, Lexikon, p. 64. Footnote 8. Cross-Freedman, Orthography, p. 54. Footnote 9. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-ostracon-Arad40-letters-edomite-threat-send-troops-Gemariah-Nehemiah-Malchijah-Eshijah-Ramah-Negev-Tel-Ira-Kinah-Horvat-Uza-YHWH-597bc.htm

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Paul said Mt. Sinai was in Saudi Arabia: Gal 4:25 ... Abraham's children through Ketura and Hagar took possession of Troglodytis, and the country of Arabia the Happy [Arabia Felix], as far as it reaches to the Red Sea." (Josephus ... he understood that originally, all the sons of Ketura had located near the Egyptian, Ethiopian border on the opposite side of Arabia Felix but that Midian moved back to join tribes with Ishmael in Shur. 4. Josephus identifies three distinct geographic areas (Canaan, Arabia Felix, Troglodytis) and marks Mt. Sinai to be in Arabia Felix, which at the time of Paul, included all of Saudi Arabia south of the Gulf of Aqaba including Midian. See: main page on Mt. ... It is important to realize that Apion made deliberate attempts at creating a false narrative about the exodus. In other words, if Apion placed Mt. Sinai in the Sinai Peninsula, ... Sinai Peninsula been defined as Arabia Felix by any ancient geographer. d. At the time of Paul, the Sinai Peninsula was not defined as Arabia Petra by any ancient geographer. e. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-mt-sinai-arabia-gal-4-25.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-did-i-excavate ... If so, why have we found no remains from the Exodus period? Kadesh-Barnea was the most important stop on the Exodus. The site also has ... king, the Israelites set out from Kadesh-Barnea to conquer Canaan by a more circuitous route—around Mount Hor and through Transjordan. ... Robinson, looked for Kadesh-Barnea in the Aravah, the deep geomorphic rift extending from the southern end of the Dead Sea to the Red Sea. ... In the 1880s, Henry Clay Trumbull suggested Ein-Qedeis, in the northern Sinai, as the site of Kadesh-Barnea. What appeared to be the retention of the Biblical ... The walls of this fortress consist of casemates, that is, a double wall with irregularly placed cross-walls which form rooms for storage or ... is possible to state that the ostracon consists of six vertical columns of mainly ancient Egyptian hieraticd numerals and weight symbols. ... king who regained control of Edom, campaigned against the North Arabian tribes, and rebuilt the port of Ezion-Geber on the Gulf of Aqaba. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-did-i-excavate-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-bar-1981ad.htm

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Khirbat en-Nahas Fortress: Part of Solomon's network of military ... ... Problem with all this is that the Bible says Edom was a functioning kingdom at the time of the Exodus in 1446 BC and the Conquest in 1406 BC. Joshua asked both the king of Moab and the king of Edom for passage through their lands from Kadesh (at Petra) and were refused. They had to move south past Mt. Hor to the Red Sea, the east past Ezion Geber, (which was part of Edom's territory) the due east, then north. ... Edom went from Kadesh Barnea (Petra) south to Ezion Geber at the Red Sea. Ezion Geber is located where modern Aqaba is, not the Egyptian sea port Island of Jezirat Faraun. We note that in both ... While many researchers (Bienkowski 1992a; Bienkowski and van der Steen 2001; Finkelstein 1992a; Knauf-Belleri 1995) have argued that large scale trade in other goods, especially from Arabia, was ... In comparison, contemporaneous copper production at Timna was much smaller (Rothenberg 1999), while New Kingdom activities at Bir Nasib, on the Sinai Peninsula, possibly left another 100 000 ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-khirbat-en-nahas.htm

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Kadesh Barnea Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol 29, No 1, 1910 ... ... Hor. In earlier times the gulf of 'Akabah reached farther north than it does to-day, and a passage from the eastern side over to El Tih may not have been as easy as it ... The Idumaean clans that camped around Moserah and Zin probably brought with them the traditions of their heroes. Their way from Sinai-Horeb to Kadesh Barnea and Mt. Halak is likely to have led them through the Valley of Moses and put the reputed resting-place of Aaron in Petra." (Kadesh Barnea, Nathan Schmidt, Journal ... Bongars, 1611, p.963 : " usque ad Ca.des barne, quae est in solitudine." PROFESSOR SCHMIDT'S ROUTE FROM Bi R-EL-SEBA TI) 'AIN-1<DES AN)) RETURN. Cartography by J. E. ... It is mentioned by Eusebius and Jerome 16 as a town in the south over against Arabia three days from Aila. In the list of episcopal sees, according to the ... iv. 4. 6 (78). 16 Onomasticon, 298 64 122 28. 17 E. H. Palmer, Desert of the Exodus, New York ed., 1872, p. 452. x :44 SCHMIDT : KADESH BARNEA 67 that in the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-nathan-schmidt-kadesh-barnea-journal-of-biblical-literature-vol-29-no-1-1910ad.htm

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The Civilization of the Edomites, Nelson Glueck The Biblical Archaeologist, Vol. 10, No. 4. (Dec., 1947), pp. 77-84. Note: Glueck is a Bible trasher who takes the view that the Exodus happened after 1200 BC, ... It is significant in this connection, that neither the Egyptian lists of towns nor the Tell el-Amarna tablets refer to Eastern Palestine in the period extending ... ends suddenly in the south, with sheer or precipitous walls and slopes marking the abrupt fall to the desert of the Wadi Hismeh, which stretches to the Red Sea and Arabia. ... of Buseirah in the north, which is to be identified with Bozrah, and Tawilan near Petra in the south, which is to be identified with the Teiman of that verse. ... The distinctiveness of some of the Iron Age pottery of Edom and Moab may perhaps be ascribed to influences emanating from Syria via the trade-route that followed ... port-city and industrial center of Ezion-geber: Elath, identified with Tell el-Kheleifeh on the north shore of the Gulf of Aqabah, the eastern arm of the Red Sea. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-civilization-of-the-edomites-nelson-glueck-1947ad.htm

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The Wilderness of Zin, C. Leonard Woolley and T. E. Lawrence ... and afterwards in a long broken chain of less notable hills extending to Jebel Muweilleh, a flinty peak some miles within the Egyptian border. ... The name Kadeis (Kadeis, in Hejazi Arabic, is a scoop or bailer used in the bath for purification. The Sinai Arabs use such scoops (of wood) to lift up water from a shallow well. It does not mean `holy', as Trumbull and other writers have assumed.) was so reminiscent of Kadesh-Barnea ... seen, measured, and described by Palmer on his visit in 1870, (Desert of the Exodus, ii, 350.) with his usual minute accuracy and vividness. ... It and its hills are the western limits of the good land, and anciently it must have been the most thronged spring, since the old inland route ... of tribe-marks, and there was one little stone of the flat disk type, common in Byzantine cemeteries, with a rude cross scratched on it. ... None the less, the foundations are certainly Byzantine, for the ground all about is red with the hard ribbed pottery of Gaza make, peculiar to ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-woolley-lawrence-the-wilderness-of-zin-1914-1915ad.htm

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Comparison list of 75 Joseph/Christ Shadows, Types, Antitypes ... ... Disciples were comforted of guilt of abandoning Jesus at the cross Except John, who was the only one who was at the trials and the foot of the cross. Gen 50:21 Jn 20:19 73. After Joseph/... Click to View List of 15 similarities of Abraham as a type of Christians Click to View List of 13 Exodus Route types of our salvation in Christ Click to View Replacement Theology: The ... Amenemhat IV (9) 1814-1805 1872-1763 Sobekneferu (4) 1805-1801 1763-1759 See also: BM 10012 Lahun Egyptian Chronology Papyrus Heliacal rising of Sirius: 1830 BC El-Lahun Berlin Museum ... The story of the garden of Eden is a type of paradise restored in heaven. c. The story of Joseph in Egypt, slavery, exodus, baptism into Moses, Mt. Sinai then 38 years at Kadesh Barnea and finally crossing the Jordan into the promised land of ... oppression which lasted 110 years until the Exodus in 1446 BC. Even at Kadesh Barnea (Petra), they were again located at a major shipping intersection of international trade for 38 years. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/d-bible-archeology-maps-timeline-chronology-Joseph-types-Christ-Shadows-Antitypes-similarities-comparisons-2166-1876BC.htm

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The Fortresses King Solomon Built to Protect His Southern Border ... Exploration Fund, Sir Charles Leonard Woolley and T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia") discovered Qast er-Ruheileh, Bir Birein and Tell Ein el Qudeirat in what they identified as the Biblical "Wilderness of Zin." ... Publication (1983), p. xvii. 13. Rothenberg, Timna (London: Thames and Hudson, 1972). 14. J. Simons, Egyptian Topographical Lists, (Leiden, 1937), pp. 89-102, 178-186. Arad (nos. 107-109), Yurza (nos. 110-112), ... The "Way of the Spies" was the principal route from Kadesh-Barnea to Arad. The "Way of Shur" (Genesis 16:7; 20:1) ran from Beer-Sheva through the area of Halussa, Nisana, and from there to the Sinai interior, on the way towards Egypt. The Bible also alludes to the "Way of Mount Seir" (Deuteronomy 1:1-2), the "Way of the Mount of the Amorites" (Deuteronomy 1:19), and the "Way of the Red Sea" (Exodus 13:18; Numbers 21:4; 14:25; Deuteronomy 1:40; 2:1). There is a striking resemblance between the array of fortresses along the eastern edge of the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/fortresses-king-solomon-built-to-protect-his-southern-border-rudolph-cohen-1985ad.htm

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The Exodus Route: From the Red Sea to Mt. Sinai The Exodus Route: The Route from the Red Sea to Mount Sinai Click to View Exodus Route home page Click to View Miracles of the Exodus and Red Sea Crossing Click to View Travel times, distances, days of the week Click to View Excluded Exodus Routes: Nuweiba Beech, Bitter lakes, Gulf of Suez, Mt. Musa, Mt. Karkom, Ein el-Qudeirat. Click to View Overview map (Click on photo for high resolution) Click to View Satellite map (Click on photo for high resolution) Click to View The 10 stops to Mt. Sinai Click to View Wilderness of Shur Click to View Marah Click to View Elim Click to ... After crossing the Red Sea at the Straits of Tiran, Israel entered the Wilderness of Shur. The Wilderness of Shur is the home turf of both the Ishmaelites and the Midianites and is one of the few places of the 50 exodus locations we know for sure. This also places Mt. Sinai in modern Saudi Arabia. A. Overview of distances and travel times: After crossing the Red Sea, the daily rate of travel slowed down a bit. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-red-sea-sinai.htm

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Transjordan Early Edom And Moab 1900 BC ... In other Egyptian documents, the Shasu are attested securely all the way from north Sinai and the Negev up into Syria as far as Qadesh (cf. Giveon 1971), so ... corresponding lack of attested Late Bronze Age sites along the main route (p.66 and n.115). 12. Redford 1982b:119 distinguished between Nos. 95 and ... S. Mittmann et al. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern, 156-169. Caminos, R.A. 1954 Late-Egyptian Miscellanies. Oxford. 1977 A Tale of Woe. Oxford. Cross, F.M. 1988 Reuben, First-born of Jacob. ZAW 100 Supplement-issue:46-65... Orientalia n.s. 26:339-345. 1987 Les Lettres d'El Amarna. Paris. Murnane, W.J. 1985 The Road to Kadesh SAOC 42: Chicago. Newberry, P.E. 1893 Beni Hasan I. ... Umm el-Biyara: Umm el-Biyara rises 300 m. from the Petra basin and is the highest mountain overlooking Petra from the west. It was excavated in 1960, 1963 ... The fabric is coarse, the colour is usually light red. The temper consists of grey and brown grits. Although already published (ibid.), a short description ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-edomites-early-edom-and-moab-piotr-bienkowski-1992ad.htm

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The "Aharoni Fortress" Near Quseima and the "Israelite Fortresses ... ... cone shell (figures 17:13,18, possibly indicating some contact with the Red Sea to the south); a clay weight, probably from a spindle (figures 17:14,18; cf. ... And "above all, south of Qadesh Barnea along important Darb Ghazza, the main route to the Gulf of Eilat, not even one fortress has been found" (Finkelstein ... (via Horvat Teman during its existence, or by some other route), where were the way-stationsand the chain of defensive fortresses so necessary to protect the roads from the hostile desert and its nomads? It would seem that Finkelstein's comparison with the Nabataean highway or the Egyptian road along the Sinai coast (Finkelstein 1984: 190) is not always valid. ... Blocks were made in paraffin, and cross as well as longitudinal, tangential, and radial sections were prepared. The identification of the wood species, based ... Bruins, J. H. 1986 Desert Environment and Agriculture in the Central Negev and Kadesh Barnea During His-torical Periods. Nijkerk: Midbar Foundation. Cohen, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-aharoni-fortress-near-quseima-israelite-fortresses-in-negev-zeev-meshel-1994ad.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt ... It has value, however, as is a historical document that circulated among the Essenes in about 150 BC, so while Moses never saw it, we can learn something about the beliefs of that era. The book of Jubilees clearly places Mt. Sinai in modern Saudi Arabia. We know this because the book describes the territory for each of the three sons of Noah. We ... And his portion extends along the great sea, and it extends in a straight line till it reaches the west of the tongue which looks towards the south: for this sea is named the tongue of the Egyptian Sea. And it turns from here towards the south towards the mouth of the great sea on the shore of (its) waters, and it extends to ... And Shem also divided amongst his sons, and the first portion came forth for Ham and his sons, to the east of the river Tigris till it approaches the east, the whole land of India, and on the Red Sea on its coast, and the waters of Dedan, and all the mountains of Mebri and Ela, and all the land of Susan and all that is on ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-book-of-jubilees-150bc.htm

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Strabo 15 AD (Greek geographer) Strabo (15 AD) is one of the few ancient cartographers who understood the gulf of Aqaba and gives us great insight into how Apostle Paul and Josephus viewed the Sinai Peninsula as NOT part of Arabia: "There is said to be a passage thence across, of 1260 stadia, to the city Aila (Aelana) [Elat], situated on the innermost recess of the Arabian Gulf [Red Sea]. This recess has two branches, one, in the direction of Arabia [south of Gulf of Aqaba] and Gaza ... The location of Arabia proper really hasn't ever changed, even with the annex of the Sinai Peninsula in 106 BC where it was formally labelled Arabia by the Romans: "It was not until 106 ad that the Romans officially annexed Nabatea and the "area around Petra" (Millar, ... This region lies towards the north; and it is inhabited in general, as is each place in particular, by mixed stocks of people from Egyptian and Arabian and Phoenician tribes; for such are those who occupy Galilee and Hiericus [Jericho] and Philadelphia and Samaria, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-strabo-15ad.htm

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The Exodus Route: Marah (bitter waters) The Exodus Route: Marah Click to View Marah (bitter waters) Click to View Exodus Route home page Click to View Overview map (Click on photo for high resolution) Click to View Satellite map (Click on photo for high resolution) Click to View Exodus locations: Click to View Wilderness of Shur Click to View Marah Click to View Elim Click to View Red Sea Camp Click to View Wilderness of Sin Click to View Dophkah Click to View Alush Click to View Rephidim (Meribah) Click to View Wilderness of Sinai Click to View Mt. Sinai Introduction: 1. The location would be somewhere ... Early Christians created metaphoric meanings for Marah: from ACC, Vol 3, p 83 a. "The wood that restores the sweetness to water is Christ" (Tertullian). b. "The waters of baptism are of no avail unless the cross ... D. How the traditional choice for Marah fails: Click to View Excluded Exodus Routes: Nuweiba Beech, Bitter lakes, Gulf of Suez, Mt. Musa, Mt. Karkom, Ein el-Qudeirat. The Bible says they exited the Red Sea when ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-marah.htm

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The wilderness of Paran: The Great and Terrible wilderness from ... The wilderness of Paran is adjacent to the land of Midian: 1 Kings 11:18 The land of Midian is located at modern Al Bad in North Saudi Arabia. We may not be sure of where Paran is located, but we are sure where Midian is. The ... Sinai, they saw Him come in glory from the north, like a small distant storm cloud that got closer and bigger until God hovered over Mt. Sinai and the "fireworks began". Paran is a large wilderness area that extends from Petra (Kadesh Barnea) down to Midian, east of the Arabah valley. Paran is three stops due north ... Notice that Israel was camped in the wadi Zered also called Ar, which is the border between Moab and Edom. As Israel was heading north to finally cross the Jordan and take possession of the promised land, Moses stopped and ... of Moab Deut 2:8), 3. "in the Arabah" or valley plain (distinct from the Arabah valley between the Dead and Red Seas), 4. Between Paran (which was due south), 5. and Hazeroth (south of Paran, two stops after Mt. Sinai. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-wilderness-of-paran.htm

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Papyrus Anastasi 4 and 6 Shasu Pithom Goshen Lake, tribes of ... ... ANET:259; with notes, Caminos 1954:293)." (Early Edom And Moab, Egyptian evidence on Ancient Jordan; K. A. Kitchen, Editor: Piotr Bienkowski, 1992 AD) Translation #3 of Papyrus Anastasi 6: "The Scribe Inena communicating to his lord, the Scribe of the Treasury Qa-g[abu], ...:-In life, prosperity, health! ... Some scholars have identified Goshen more specifically with the Wadi Tumilat, a fertile finger of the Delta jutting out into the Sinai Desert." (Holman Bible Atlas, p50, 1998 AD) c. "The Septuagint clearly identified the land of Goshen and the route of the Exodus with the Wadi Tumilat. ... Another interpretation of the Exodus route in the Septuagint (Exod. 1:11)-originally most likely to be a gloss that found its way into the main text-seems to lead from Heliopolis, thought to be Pithom (Pi-Atum), to the Gulf of Suez and the Red Sea." (On the Historicity of the Exodus: What Egyptology Today Can Contribute to Assessing the Biblical Account of the Sojourn in Egypt, Manfred Bietak, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-inscriptions-archeology-edomites-Papyrus-Egyptian-Anastasi-VI-Shasu-tribes-of-Edom-Pharaoh-Merneptah-Succoth-1205bc.htm

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'Edomite', `Negbite' And 'Midianite' Pottery From The Negev Desert ... tribes who appeared to get too close to the territory of Judah and in protecting their interests by safeguarding the barren caravan trade routes which connected the 'Kings Road' (Arabia-Petra-Damascus) with Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea. ... Its fabric is usually of a reddish-buff colour and its surface is often highly burnished, resembling a burnished slip. Its geometric decoration consists of painted horizontal bands bridged by vertical strokes, and 7-shaped (cross) lines, sometimes filled with a painted grille in red and ... Two sites have provided most of the `Edomite' pottery so far found in the Negev: the shrine complex of Horvat Qitmit (north-east Negev) and Qadesh Barnea (east Sinai). The sites differ greatly in architectural layout: the Horvat ... The chronology of these wares at Timna possibly covers the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age I periods (1318-1156 BC), based on datable Egyptian cartouches, scarabs and other finds. Finally, we were interested in a handmade, sandy ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-pottery-edomite-negev-midianite-neutron-activation-analysis-j-gunneweg-1991ad.htm

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100 Free Printable Public Use Bible Maps ... Josephus Chronology of destruction of Jerusalem: AD 62-74 Full-Preterism Examined and Refuted Main Commentary Full Outline and commentary Panorama photo gallery of Israel Alphabetic list of all panorama photographs Maps of the Promised land, Israel: Click to View The Exodus from Egypt: 1446 BC High Resolution Map See also: Exodus Route proven from the Bible Click to View Encyclopedia of Exodus Route Maps Old, Ancient, Antique, Vintage and Modern maps Synagogue Map Site Maps of Ancient synagogue location sites ... Churches in 325 AD during Nicene era. Click to View The three schools of theology 300AD Click to View Division of territory for the 5 patriarchs 600AD Click to View 550 AD: The Madaba map Missing entirely from the Madaba Map is the Red Sea, Mt. Sinai and Petra/Kadesh Barnea. It would certainly be on the map, but was vandalized by the Muslims in 700 AD. Most notably, however, is that the modern choice for the location of Kadesh Barnea at Ein el-Qudeirat, should be in a section ... ... https://www.bible.ca/maps/welcome.htm

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The Water Supply and Distribution System of the Nabataean City ... Positioned between Egyptian, Babylonian and Assyrian empires, many influences dominated the formative Nabataean cultural landscape over time. The sacred spring created by Moses, as described in Exodus accounts, has been equated with the Ain Mousa spring outside Petra although controversy exists as to its location (and historical accuracy) and sites in Sinai must also be considered. Biblical and Koranic references to the Petra area document use of water channels and springs by the inhabitants to maintain agriculture and settlements. Assyrian texts ... Petra was formally annexed into the Roman Empire in AD 106 under Trajan. Throughout this period, caravan trade from Arabia, Africa and the East, with Petra as a key intersection node, sustained the city's wealth and ... The maximum flow rate permissible then would be the critical velocity x piping wetted cross-sectional area. For a fall in channel height of about 40 m over the 8 km pipeline path around Jebel el Khubtha, the theoretical ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-water-supply-of-petra-charles-r-ortloff-2005.htm

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Septuagint 250 BC: Goshen of Arabia The Massoretic Hebrew text of the Old Testament (1000 AD) does not add the words "of Arabia". The Romans renamed the Sinai Peninsula "Arabia" only after 106 AD. "The degree of correspondence between the Septuagint and the ... It is clear that the Septuagint translators were wrong when they called Goshen "of Arabia" at the time of Abraham This error was due to the fact that ancient geographers of the time did not even understand the Gulf of Aqaba ... There is a "China Town" in ever major city, but we all know where China is not. 2. The references to the "Arabian Sea" and the "Arabian Mountains" does not mean Arabia inside Egypt, west of the Red Sea or even close by. These references simply mean the Egyptian mountain range flanged entire length the Arabian Sea ... Sinai out of Saudi Arabia quote ancient historians who say Hebrew Goshen in Egypt was in fact Arabia, you wonder why the Israelites ever left? It simply trashes the Bible story like putting Kadesh Barnea inside the promised ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-septuagint-250bc.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-kuntillet-ajrud-anchor Kuntillet cAtrild is located approximately 50 km south of Kadesh-barnea and about 15 km W of Darb el-Ghazza, a road which since antiquity has run N-S, connecting Quseima and Kadesh-barnea to Elat and S Sinai. The isolated hill rises prominently from the broad valley of Wadi Quraiya (or "wadi of the small building"), which forms a natural W-E route. See Fig. KUN.01. The top of the hill is a long and narrow plateau, and the actual ruins are ... Among the debris around the entrance to the W storeroom were discovered fragments of another plaster inscription. One could guess that origi-nally it, too, was written on the doorpost. (A picture drawn in red, black, and yellow was also discovered on one of the stones of the ... There are two blessings written on pottery which on the one hand resemble typical epistolary-greeting formulas, and on the other hand resemble the priestly benediction. One of these (see Fig. KUN.03) was written above two figures of the (Egyptian-in-origin) god Bes, and may ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-kuntillet-ajrud-zeev-meshel-anchor-bible-dictionary-1991ad.htm

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