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| Documents with links to: Political, Civic and Town Hall Meetings in Synagogues ... https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Political-Civic-assemblies-ancient-Synagogue-Town-Hall-Meetingsfirst-century-early-Christian-Church-New-Testament-worship-patterned-prototyperitual-liturgy.htm |
| 1: | Ancient Synagogue Literary Sources: Agatharchides of Cnidus
Master introduction: Summary overview is the place to start to tie it all together. Providence: God's eternal plan: The providential transition from Temple to Synagogue to Church Origin: Synagogues originated at Alexandria Egypt in 280 BC spawned by the Septuagint Jesus the Messiah of the Tanakh: 1. First Century Jewish Messianic Expectation: As witnessed in the Dead Sea scrolls. 2. Looking for the wrong thing: Mistaken Jewish ideas of the Messiah in 30 AD. 3. Jesus fulfilled Prophecy: Master list of fulfilled messianic prophecies 4. Jesus fulfilled Prophecy: "He shall be called a Nazarene (branch)" Matthew 2:23 5. Jesus fulfilled Prophecy: "Jesus would rise the third day" 1 Corinthians 15:3-4 Synagogue Architectural Prototypes in the Church: 1. Standard architectural synagogue typology: Introduction, Master Chart 2. Mikveh for Ritual Purity: The Christian Maker 3. Ritual purity stone Vessels: Stoneware cups and wash basins 4. Freestanding Columns: Antitype of Christians 5. Artwork: ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ancient-Synagogue-Archeological-Literary-Sources-Bible-Jesus-Israel-Judea-diaspora-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Agatharchides-of-Cnidus-169bc.htm | Size: 40K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 2: | Ancient Synagogue Top Plans: Qumran 100 BC Righteousness within a generation or so of the founding of the sect." (Origin and Early History of the Qumran Sect, Lawrence H. Schiffman, Biblical Archaeologist: Volume 58, 2001 AD) 2. No synagogue building has been definitively identified at Qumran. a. Room 4, 77 or 30 seem the best candidates. b. At Quran, they ate their meals in total silence. 3. Some believe that Qumran had no synagogue: a. "Could there have been a conscious aversion to imitating what was being done in contemporary synagogues-yet another expression of the Qumran sect's desire to maintain biblical precedents while rejecting models that had evolved within the Jewish community in the post-biblical era? Alternatively, did the ongoing practice of study within the Qumran community render such public readings superfluous? Interestingly, it appears that another breakaway group of the Second Temple period, the Samaritans, did not include the reading of Scriptures as part of its communal ritual at this stage either. They, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Qumran-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-essenes-John-Hyrcanus-Dead-Sea-Scrolls-134bc.htm | Size: 47K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 3: | Acapella Responsive Singing, No Instruments in first century ... Synagogue worship was the prototype for Christian Church. Introduction: 1. Synagogue worship at the time of Jesus' birth was acapella, antiphonal, responsive with no instruments. 2. Instrumental music was banned in all synagogues in the first century before 70 AD and the early church continued this ban to the present time. 3. Congregational singing is explicitly authorized while instruments are not: a. Col 3:16 and Eph 5:19 were letters to be read while in the assembly: "When this letter is read among you, have it also read ***in the church*** [while assembled] of the Laodiceans; and you, for your part read my letter that is coming from Laodicea." (Colossians 4:16). Also both are "one another" passages where you "speaking to one another in song" and "teaching and admonishing one another in song". This can only be collective worship on the first day of the week when Christians are assembled for the Lord's supper and the weekly collection. b. All of 1 Cor 14 legislates behavior "IN ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Acapella-responsive-singing-non-instrumental-first-century-early-Christian-Church-New-Testament-worship-prototype-ancient-Synagogue-ritual-liturgy-worship.htm | Size: 265K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 4: | Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Alexandria, Egypt: 3 AD Gather to me seventy men of the elders of Israel (Num. 11:16). E Since Moses was in addition to them, lo, there were seventy-one. F R. Judah says, "It is seventy." G And how do we know that a small one is twenty-three? H Since it is said, The congregation shall judge, and The congregation shall deliver (Num. 35:24, (25)- I one congregation judges, and one congregation saves-thus there are twenty. J And how do we know that a congregation is ten? Since it is said, How long shall I bear with this evil congregation [of the ten spies] (Num. 14:27)-xcluding Joshua and Caleb. K And how do we know that we should add three more? L From the implication of that which is said, You shall not follow after the many to do evil (Ex. 23:20), I derive the inference that I should be with them to o good. M If so, why is it said, After the many to do evil? N Your verdict of acquittal is not equivalent to your verdict of guilt. O Your verdict of acquittal may be on the vote of a majority of one, but your ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Alexandria-Egypt-synagogue-Greek-inscriptions-origin-ancient-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-archisynagogos-archiprostates-ruler-Augustus-Theodotos-3ad.htm | Size: 53K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 5: | Ancient synagogues of the Bible: Ephesus Synagogue: 43 BC Synagogue has been located or excavated in Ephesus. b. No Ephesus synagogue inscriptions have ever been found. 2. Literary source #1: The infallible, inspired and historically inerrant NEW TESTAMENT a. Paul's First missionary journey: "They came to Ephesus, and he left them there. Now he himself entered the synagogue and reasoned with the Jews. When they asked him to stay for a longer time, he did not consent, but taking leave of them and saying, "I will return to you again if God wills," he set sail from Ephesus." (Acts 18:19-21) b. Paul's Second missionary journey: "Now a Jew named Apollos, an Alexandrian by birth, an eloquent man, came to Ephesus; and he was mighty in the Scriptures. This man had been instructed in the way of the Lord; and being fervent in spirit, he was speaking and teaching accurately the things concerning Jesus, being acquainted only with the baptism of John; and he began to speak out boldly in the synagogue. But when Priscilla and Aquila heard him, they took him ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ephesus-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-apostle-Paul-43bc.htm | Size: 48K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 6: | Ancient Synagogue Literary Sources: Jerusalem (Palestinian) Talmud ... ...Why do Your disciples break the tradition of the elders? For they do not wash their hands when they eat bread." And He answered and said to them, "Why do you yourselves transgress the commandment of God for the sake of your tradition?" (Matthew 15:2-3) "Then the disciples came and said to Jesus, "Do You know that the Pharisees were offended when they heard this statement?" But He answered and said, "Every plant which My heavenly Father did not plant shall be uprooted. "Let them alone; they are blind guides of the blind. And if a blind man guides a blind man, both will fall into a pit."" (Matthew 15:12-14) The first and greatest synagogue in the world at Alexandria Egypt destroyed by Trajan: "It has been taught [in Tosefta Sukkah 4:6A-G, 250 AD]: Said R. Judah, "Whoever has never seen the double colonnade [the basilica-synagogue] of Alexandria in Egypt has never seen Israel's glory in his entire life. [B] "It was a kind of large basilica, with one colonnade inside another. [C] ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ancient-Synagogue-Archeological-Literary-Sources-Bible-Jesus-Israel-Judea-diaspora-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jerusalem-Talmud-Cairo-Geniza-400ad.htm | Size: 128K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 7: | The Great Basilica Synagogue of Alexandria Destroyed by Hadrian ... The Jerusalem Talmud said it was destroyed by Trajan. (117 AD) c. The largest and most elaborate synagogue is where they began in Alexandria! d. This is powerful evidence for the origin of Synagogues in Alexandria. e. There are no inscriptions or references of any kind of any synagogues in Babylon. f. The largest and most beautiful and expensive synagogue in 38 AD, was not in Judea or Syria or Babylon, it was in Alexandria Egypt as a testament for an obvious continuous occupation that dates back to 280 BC! 2. Text of Philo, Embassy/Legat. 132-139, Alexandria, 41-45 AD: "they set up in every one of them images of Gaius [Caligula], and in the largest, and most famous, and most celebrated [The Great Alexandria Synagogue] of them they erected a brazen statue of him borne on a four-horse chariot. ... For, in the first place, one may derive them from about ten kings or more who reigned in order, one after another, for three hundred years [ie. Since 262 BC when they began in Alexandria], and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Alexandria-Great-Basilica-Colonnaded-Egypt-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-top-plan-double-columns-71-gold-chairs-Philo-Talmud-280bc | Size: 107K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 8: | Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Gabbary district in Alexandria ... Gather to me seventy men of the elders of Israel (Num. 11:16). E Since Moses was in addition to them, lo, there were seventy-one. F R. Judah says, "It is seventy." G And how do we know that a small one is twenty-three? H Since it is said, The congregation shall judge, and The congregation shall deliver (Num. 35:24, (25)- I one congregation judges, and one congregation saves-thus there are twenty. J And how do we know that a congregation is ten? Since it is said, How long shall I bear with this evil congregation [of the ten spies] (Num. 14:27)-xcluding Joshua and Caleb. K And how do we know that we should add three more? L From the implication of that which is said, You shall not follow after the many to do evil (Ex. 23:20), I derive the inference that I should be with them to o good. M If so, why is it said, After the many to do evil? N Your verdict of acquittal is not equivalent to your verdict of guilt. O Your verdict of acquittal may be on the vote of a majority of one, but your ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Alexandria-Egypt-synagogue-Greek-inscriptions-origin-ancient-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-PtolemyXV-queen-last-proseuche-house-of-prayer-37bc.htm | Size: 53K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 9: | Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Alexandrou Nesos, Egypt: May ... Inscription text: "To King Ptolemy1, greeting from ...who lives in Alexandrou Nesos. I have been wronged by Dorotheos, (a Jew who lives in the) same village. In the 5th year, according to the financial calendar, on Phamenoth ... (as I was talking to) my co-worker, my mantle (which is worth... drachmae) caught Dorotheos' eye, and he took it. When I saw him, (he fled2) to the Jewish prayer hall3 [proseuche] (holding) the mantle, (while I called for help). Lezelmis, a holder of 100 arourai, came up to help (and gave) the mantle to Nikomachos the (prayer hall) official4 to keep till the case was tried. Therefore I beg you, my king, to command Diophanes the magistrate (to write to the) chief of police telling him to order Dorotheos and Nikomachos to hand over the mantle to him, and, if what I write is true (to make him give me the) mantle or its value; as for the injury... If this happens, I shall have received justice through you, my king. Farewell."" 2. Epigraphic evidence: Greek ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Alexandrou-Nesos-Fayum-Egypt-synagogue-Greek-inscriptions-origin-ancient-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-PtolemyIV-proseuche-sanctuary-asylum-218bc.htm | Size: 47K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 10: | Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Hadra district in Alexandria ... Inscription text: "To God, the Highest ... the sacred precinct1 and the synagogue2 and its appurtenances3" 2. Glyptic artifact: Greek Synagogue inscription on marble 3. Provenance: Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt, discovered in rubbish, 1907 AD. 4. Current location: Alexandria Museum 5. Alexandria Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD) = Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date = 262 BC a. SOD computation system details b. Excavation date: none c. Inscriptional date: 200 BC i. Alexandria 3 AD ii. Gabbary 37 BC iii. Hadra 200 BC d. Literary date: i. Josephus 20 BC ii. Philo 262 BC iii. Tosefta 250 AD iv. Jerusalem Talmud 400 AD v. Babylonian Talmud 500 AD 6. Contemporary Ruler: Ptolemy Epiphanes V (204-180 BC) 7. References: a. JIGRE #9; Corpus Inscriptionum Judaicarum II, Jean-Baptiste Frey, 2.1433, 1952 AD 8. Related Literary references: a. Acts 16:13; b. Philo, Embassy 132-134; c. Josephus, Life 277 9. Further documentation: a. Great Basilica Synagogue of Alexandria: 280 BC - 117 AD b. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Alexandria-Egypt-synagogue-Greek-inscriptions-origin-ancient-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-sacred-precinct-asylum-appurtenances-proseuche-Hadra-200bc.htm | Size: 54K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 11: | Ancient Synagogue Literary Sources: Babylonian Talmud 500 AD ...Why do Your disciples break the tradition of the elders? For they do not wash their hands when they eat bread." And He answered and said to them, "Why do you yourselves transgress the commandment of God for the sake of your tradition?" (Matthew 15:2-3) "Then the disciples came and said to Jesus, "Do You know that the Pharisees were offended when they heard this statement?" But He answered and said, "Every plant which My heavenly Father did not plant shall be uprooted. "Let them alone; they are blind guides of the blind. And if a blind man guides a blind man, both will fall into a pit."" (Matthew 15:12-14) 394 Synagogues, courts and schools in Jerusalem at the time of Jesus "Three judges of civil law were in Jerusalem, Admon, Hanan, and Nahum. Said R. Pappa, "Who is the Tannaite authority who repeats, 'Nahum'? It is R. Nathan, in accord with that which has been taught on Tannaite authority: R. Nathan says, 'Also Nahum the Mede was among those who make decrees in Jerusalem,' but sages ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ancient-Synagogue-Archeological-Literary-Sources-Bible-Jesus-Israel-Judea-diaspora-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Babylonian-Talmud-Non-Biblical-Jewish-Law-500ad.htm | Size: 80K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 12: | Ancient Synagogue Land Survey Inscription from Crocodilopolis ... Northwards as far as the city boundary..." 2. Epigraphic Evidence: Greek Synagogue text on papyrus 3. Provenance: Tebtunis, Egypt, 1902 AD 4. Current location: P.Tebt.0085, Bancroft Library, Berkley University. 5. Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD) = Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date = 240 BC a. SOD computation system details b. Excavation date: none c. Inscriptional date: Crocodilopolis 240 BC d. Literary date: 113 BC and Crocodilopolis 113 AD 6. Contemporary Rulers: Ptolemy IX Soter II King of Ptolemy (116-107 BC) 7. References: a. CPJ: Corpus Papyrorum Judaicarum, Tcherikover, vol 1, no. 1.134, 1957 AD 8. Related Literary references: a. Acts 16:13 b. Philo, Embassy 132-134 c. Josephus, Life 277 9. Further documentation and comments: a. This papyrus is a record of a land survey. b. This is probably the same Synagogue as in the Synagogue inscription that dates to 240 BC and also one of the two synagogues referenced in the papyrus of 113 AD around the time of Trajan. c. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Crocodilopolis-Arsinoe-Egypt-synagogue-Greek-inscriptions-origin-ancient-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-PtolemyIX-land-survey-acres-proseuche-Tebtunis-113bc.htm | Size: 51K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 13: | Ancient Synagogue Literary Sources: Philo of Alexandria: 38 AD ... Jewish settlement outside Palestine. The only certain date known from his life comes from his account of the great pogrom in Alexandria which started in A.D. 38 under the prefect Flaccus, during the reign of the Roman emperor Gaius Caligula. Philo was then chosen to head a delegation (Gaium 370) sent in A.D. 39/40 by the Jewish community to Gaius Caligula in Rome. A few other datable events are found in his writings. In Alexander, or Whether the Animals Have Reason (Anim) 27, Philo speaks of the celebrations in various places given by Germanicus Iulius Caesar, probably in A.D. 12, when he entered on his first term of consulship. The horse race account in Anim 58 is found also in Pliny HN 8:160-61, where the event is said to have occurred during the games of Claudius Caesar in A.D. 47. Philo was aged already at the time of the embassy. On the basis of these observations, the time of Philo's death should probably be set around A.D. 50, and his birth to around 20-15 B.C. Philo belonged to ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ancient-Synagogue-Archeological-Literary-Sources-Bible-Jesus-Israel-Judea-diaspora-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Philo-of-Alexandria-Judaeus-50ad.htm | Size: 160K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 14: | Jesus Master Builder carpenter stonemason creator build temple ... Jesus was much more than a mere carpenter! 1. Jesus was the creator and master builder of the universe, so it should not surprise us that he is described as a "one who constructs" (lit: Tekton) 2. "If Jesus had in fact been a builder of these houses he would have been in very good physical shape. This may help explain how he endured the brutal flagellation before the cross (Matt. 27:26; Mark 15:15; Luke 18:33; John 19:1), an experience that many men did not survive." (Jesus the Stone Mason?, Brian N. Peterson, Bible and Spade, Vol. 29 No. 1, p23, 2016 AD) 3. Jesus was a Stonemason known in the first century as a "tekton" or "architekton" which included knowledge of carpentry. 4. It is fitting that Jesus is a MASTER BUILDER because tore down the physical temple and rebuilt it HIMSELF in three days as the New Testament church. B. Jesus the Master builder: 1. Supernaturally, Jesus laid the foundation of the universe: Hebrews 1:8-11 2. Providentially in 1446 BC: Jesus provided the literal ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Jesus-master-builder-archi-tekton-stonemason-carpenter-foundations-corner-stones-rock-sand-yokes-plows-creator-temple-synagogues-church.htm | Size: 216K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 15: | Ancient Synagogue Literary Sources: Titus Flavius Josephus (Joseph ... Julius Caesar and Tiberias Caesar. 4. "Synagogues were viewed as collegia by Roman authorities in the first century B.C.E., yet their status was special. Two figures dominate the interpretation of the evidence, Julius Caesar and Caesar Augustus. Others have summarized the main outlines of the legal position.8 In 64 B.C.E. the Senate prohibited all collegia on principle because of their danger to the state as private institutions.9 It was characteristic of the political and social turbulence of the period that in 58 B.C.E., during the First Triumvirate, collegia were permitted again, and that in 56 B.C.E. the Senate again dissolved political clubs, a specific class of collegia. A few years later (sometime between 49 and 44 B.C.E.), Julius Caesar prohibited all collegia Empire-wide except the most ancient. One exception, perhaps because it conformed to the notion ancient, was Judaism,1° and this exception was also Empire-wide. By this action Caesar made Judaism a religio licita, and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ancient-Synagogue-Archeological-Literary-Sources-Bible-Jesus-Israel-Judea-diaspora-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Joseph-ben-Matthias-Titus-Flavius-Josephus-70ad.htm | Size: 313K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 16: | Ancient Synagogue Literary Sources: Mishnah 200 AD ...Why do Your disciples break the tradition of the elders? For they do not wash their hands when they eat bread." And He answered and said to them, "Why do you yourselves transgress the commandment of God for the sake of your tradition?" (Matthew 15:2-3) "Then the disciples came and said to Jesus, "Do You know that the Pharisees were offended when they heard this statement?" But He answered and said, "Every plant which My heavenly Father did not plant shall be uprooted. "Let them alone; they are blind guides of the blind. And if a blind man guides a blind man, both will fall into a pit."" (Matthew 15:12-14) History and content of the Mishnah: 1. "The Mishnah was edited and published between a.d. 200 and 220" (Dictionary of New Testament Background, Rabbinic Literature: Talmud, p898, 2000 AD) 2. "MISHNAH: Series of interpretations of the meaning of the law; according to rabbinic tradition, they were given when Moses received the law from God on Mt Sinai, and they were to be passed down in ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ancient-Synagogue-Archeological-Literary-Sources-Bible-Jesus-Israel-Judea-diaspora-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Mishnah-shanah-Rabbi-Judah-Akiba-oral-law-200ad.htm | Size: 88K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 17: | The Bema: Prototype Of The Church Pulpit: Neh 8 Christians borrowed from Jewish synagogues, not the other way around. Standardized Architectural Synagogue Signature Typology Synagogue Architecture adopted by the Christian Church Floorplans and Furnishings of Pre-70 AD Second Temple Period synagogues "Ezra read from to all the people the book of the law as he stood at a wooden podium which they had made for the purpose." Neh 8 THE BEMA: PROTOTYPE OF THE CHURCH PULPIT: Nehemiah 8:1-8 1. The origin of the Synagogue BEMA is likely copied from Ezra's raised Podium in the city Gate: Nehemiah 8:4 a. "In the center of the synagogue or at one end was the bema (Heb. bîmâ, "stage, platform," < Gk. bḗma) or almemar (< Arab al minbar, "pulpit, platform"). On this were some or all of the following: a reading desk or table on which the scroll of the Torah or Haftarah was placed for reading the lessons" (ISBE, Synagogue, 1988 AD) b. The raised wooden platform of Ezra was large enough to comfortably allow room for 14 people. c. "And all the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Bema-Prototype-Christian-Pulpit-Architectural-ancient-Synagogue-pre-70AD-standardized-typology-design-incorporated-adopted-similarities-into-church.htm | Size: 83K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 18: | Ancient Synagogue Literary Sources: Book of Susanna: 100 BC Court Israel who were there sat in judgment. The two elderly judges stood up and said, "Summon Susanna"" (Susanna 28) Full text of Susanna: "Now there was a man dwelling in Babylon, and his name was Jehoiakim. And he took a wife whose name was Susanna, the daughter of Chelkios, a very beautiful woman and one fearing the Lord. And her parents were righteous and taught their daughter by the Law of Moses. Now Jehoiakim was very rich, and he had a garden adjacent to his house, and they brought to him the Judeans, because he was more honored than all. Then two elders from the people were appointed as judges in that year, about which the Lord spoke, "Because lawlessness came from Babylon, from elder judges, who seemed to guide the people." And judges would come from other cities to them. These saw a woman graceful in appearance, a wife of their kinsman among the sons of Israel, with the name of Susanna, daughter of Chelkios, wife of Jehoiakim, walking about in the garden of her husband during the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ancient-Synagogue-Archeological-Literary-Sources-Bible-Jesus-Israel-Judea-diaspora-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Susanna-apocryphal-judgment-court-trial-100bc.htm | Size: 55K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 19: | Introduction: Standardized Architectural Synagogue Signature ... Christians borrowed from Jewish synagogues, not the other way around. Standardized Architectural Synagogue Signature Typology Synagogue Architecture adopted by the Christian Church Floorplans and Furnishings of Pre-70 AD Second Temple Period synagogues Synagogue Architectural Typology incorporated into the Christian Church Architecture Probable Mosaic origin Synagogue Typology Church Typology Mikveh (baptistry) Tabernacle and Temple Brass was basin for cleansing Every synagogue had a nearby Mikveh for full immersion for ritual purity. Many Jews became Christians in their synagogue Mikvehs. Mark 16:16; Acts 2:38; 22:16; 1 Pe 3:21 Ritual purity by washing away sins through the blood of Christ in obedience to the great commission: Mt 28:18-19. Freestanding columns Solomon's temple freestanding pillars: Jachin and Boaz Freestanding columns at Herodium and Magdala Antitype of Individual Christians and the Church as a Pillar of Truth Bema (raised area) Ezra's platform on top of which he read ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Architectural-Introduction-master-Summary-chart-ancient-synagogue-pre-70AD-standardized-typology-design-prototype-spiritualized-similarities-into-church.htm | Size: 79K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 20: | Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Athribis, Egypt: 194 BC Current location: Unable to determine current location. 5. Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD) = Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date = 194 BC a. SOD computation system details b. Excavation date: none c. Inscriptional date: 194 BC d. Literary date: none 6. Contemporary Ruler: Ptolemy V Epiphanes King of Ptolemy (204-180 BC) 7. References: a. JIGRE #27; Corpus Inscriptionum Judaicarum II, Jean-Baptiste Frey, 2.1443, 1952 AD 8. Related Literary references: a. Acts 16:13 b. 1 Cor 6 c. Philo, Embassy 132-134 d. Josephus, Life 277 9. Further documentation and comments: a. This inscription is one of two found at Athribis. See Athribis #2 B. Inscription footnotes: 1. Lit. proseuche = house of prayer, synagogue] 2. The phrase "Most high God" is clearly Hebrew. By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections Quick links Ancient Synagogues Go to: Main Start Page By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections Quick links: Master ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Athribis-Egypt-synagogue-Greek-inscriptions-origin-ancient-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-PtolemyV-Cleopatra-proseuche-prayer-Epikydes-Benha-194bc.htm | Size: 46K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 21: | Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Delos, Greece #1: 250 BC ... Knossos for his benefactions toward them." 2. Glyptic artifact: Greek Synagogue inscription on marble 3. Provenance: Both Delos inscriptions #1 and #2 were found together on the seashore 100 meters from the Synagogue on Delos Island, Greece 1979 AD 4. Current location: Delos Museum, Greece 5. Delos Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD) = Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date = 250 BC a. SOD computation system details b. Excavation date: Delos excavation top plan 250 BC c. Inscriptional date: 250 BC and Delos #2 synagogue inscription d. Literary date: none 6. References: a. Les Israélites de Délos et la juiverie délienne, Philippe Bruneau, BCH, p465, 1982 AD b. IJO: Inscriptiones Judaicae Orientis, David Noy, vol 1, Arc67, 2004 AD 7. Related Bible verses: a. Woman at the well, "Spirit and Truth" John 4:7-45 b. Freewill "first fruit offerings" sent to needy Christians in Jerusalem by early Christians: 1 Cor 16:1-2 8. Further documentation: a. Delos inscription: 250 BC b. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Delos-Greece-synagogue-Greek-inscriptions-origin-ancient-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-Israelites-first-fruits-offerings-Samaritan-temple-Mt-Gerizim-250bc.htm | Size: 51K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 22: | Ancient Synagogue Literary Sources: Tosefta 250 AD Alexandria has never seen the great glory of Israel. It is something like a large colonnade with porches within porches, and accommodating sometimes double the number of those that followed Moses from Egypt. There were seventy-one golden chairs therein, corresponding to the seventy-one elders, and each of the chairs was worth twenty-five myriad talents of gold. In the centre was a wooden dais, and the sexton stood upon it with a scarf (as a flag) in his hand. At the close of each benediction he waved the scarf, and all the people answered Amen. The people were not seated together anyhow, but the goldsmiths were by themselves, the blacksmiths by themselves, the embroiderers by themselves ; so that when a poor man came in he joined himself to his fellow tradesmen, and in this way was enabled to obtain a means of livelihood. And the Levites with their harps and lyres and cymbals and all manner of musical instruments without number were there, saying, Behold, bless ye the Lord, all ye ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ancient-Synagogue-Archeological-Literary-Sources-Bible-Jesus-Israel-Judea-diaspora-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Tosephta-Tosepta-Tosefta-Sukkah-250ad.htm | Size: 115K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 23: | First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Magdala, Taricheae 50 BC New Testament and silenced all the scoffers. a. Although the New Covenant refers to Synagogues over 70 times, most "scholars" said none existed before 70 AD, until Magdala was discovered in 2009 AD and suddenly the scoffers all when silent! 2. Magdala is the home town of: a. Josephus' rebel home base in 66 AD: Josephus Life 155-164 b. Mary Magdalene who was first person on earth to proclaim Gospel: Lk 8:2; Mt 28:1; Jn 20:18 c. Jesus healed the hemorrhaging woman: Mark 5:21-43 d. Jairus (synagogue official) Jesus raised Jarius' daughter "Talitha kumi": Mark 5:21-6:1 See also: Organization of Synagogues: Elders, officials, attendants, Independent, autonomous A. Earliest Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD) = 50 BC 1. Excavation date: first century 2. Inscriptional date: none 3. Literary date: 50 BC a. New Testament 30 AD b. Josephus 90 BC 4. SOD computation system details: Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date = SOD. B. Synagogue Compass Orientation: 1. Orientation East or ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Magdala-Taracheae-Migdal-bible-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-Mary-Magdelene-heart-table-4-freestanding-columns-50bc.htm | Size: 76K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 24: | Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Cairo, Egypt: 246 BC Current location: Bode Museum, Berlin. 5. Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD) = Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date = 246 BC a. SOD computation system details b. Excavation date: none c. Inscriptional date: 246 BC d. Literary date: none 6. Contemporary Rulers: a. Contemporary Ruler when new inscription replaced old one: Cleopatra VII, Ptolemy XIV or XV (47-31 BC) b. Contemporary Ruler of original inscription: Ptolemy III Euergetes King of Ptolemy (246-222 BC) 7. References: a. Corpus Inscriptionum Judaicarum II, Jean-Baptiste Frey, 2.1449, 1952 AD 8. Related Literary references: a. Acts 16:13 b. Philo, Embassy 132-134 c. Josephus, Life 277 9. Further documentation and comments: a. This is a new inscription that replaced an older inscription. While the new inscription dates archeologically to c. 40 BC, it replaced a much older inscription that dates to 246 BC. B. Inscription footnotes: 1. Lit. proseuche = house of prayer, synagogue 2. inviolate = right of asylum, Sanctuary ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Cairo-Egypt-synagogue-Greek-inscriptions-origin-ancient-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-PtolemyIII-Queen-Berenice-proseuche-inviolate-asylum-246bc.htm | Size: 46K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 25: | Synagogue Basilica and Byzantine Church Octagonal Architecture Christians borrowed from Jewish synagogues, not the other way around. Standardized Architectural Synagogue Signature Typology Synagogue Architecture adopted by the Christian Church Floorplans and Furnishings of Pre-70 AD Second Temple Period synagogues OCTAGONAL AND BASILICA BYZANTINE CHURCH ARCHITECTURE Post 300 AD: Byzantine church building architecture: Octagonal vs. Basilica 1. The first formal church buildings were Byzantine: a. There are a few cryptic literary references to church buildings in the early 180-240 AD, but these are rare and uncertain. b. From 33 AD to the Edict of Milan in 315 AD, Christians did not have formal church buildings and their focus was to preach words of salvation in Christ as opposed to the inverted modern message of invite people to a church building to satisfy social needs. c. Archeology has confirmed that the first formal church building were posts 325 AD. 2. For those who say we are without Bible authority for church buildings, we have the clear ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Byzantine-Churches-Octagonal-Basilica-Architectural-ancient-Synagogue-pre-70AD-standardized-typology-design-incorporated-copied-adopted-similarities.htm | Size: 60K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 26: | First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Cana 40 BC Antigonus II, 40-37 and likely much earlier. Hasmoneans where a spiritual group of Jewish zealots who would certainly built a synagogue in their home town if one did not exist when they first arrived. The fact that Antigonus and Josephus (also a zealot) both resided at Cana is powerful literary evidence that pushes the SOD date into the first century BC. Equally important is the fact that Nathanael, the most spiritual of all of Jesus' twelve apostles, lived in Cana in 30 AD. Certainly he would live in a town with a synagogue. The Hasmonean coins, pottery, first century stoneware and plaster from the synagogue excavation all prove there was a synagogue here when Jesus performed the miracle at the wedding feast. Most noteworthy is the 6 unused stoneware pots used for the miracle of the water into wine. It is most likely that the wedding took place in one of the adjoining buildings as part of the Synagogue complex. Why would six huge and very expensive stoneware pots be there in the first ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Cana-bible-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-khirbet-qana-John2-miracle-water-wine-stoneware-pot-pillar-mikveh-30bc.htm | Size: 68K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 27: | Ancient Synagogues: Qatzion Synagogue and Lintel Dedicatory Inscriptio ... Faustus inscription from Ostia, dating to the second century (No. 176), is another example. The present inscription is the only one of its kind from the land of Israel. However, it has not been established whether the structure is in fact a synagogue (Foerster), or if the Jews mentioned donated a non-Jewish temple to Graeco-Roman inhabitants of the area (Kohl and Watzinger; Fine). The fact that a Jewish community could donate a temple to non-Jews should not surprise us, since non-Jewish donations of synagogues to Jewish Diaspora communities are well attested (cf. No. 103, Julia Severa). Modem religious sensitivities should not be applied to ancient social systems of benefaction. Until further excavations can determine the nature of the edifice, it seems best to understand the remains as belonging to a non-Jewish temple." (The Ancient Synagogue from its Origins to 200 AD, Anders Runesson, p64, 2008 AD) c. "The archaeological remains of the building connected to the Theodotos inscription ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Qatzion-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-inscription-197ad.htm | Size: 44K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 28: | First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Capernaum 30 AD Jesus lived in a ceramic tile roofed house in Capernaum. d. Detailed outline: JESUS' HOUSE IN CAPERNAUM e. Master builder Stonemason Jesus: "Upon this Rock I will build My church" 2. The first century black basalt stone foundation of the Synagogue Jesus preached in. a. The original foundation is out of square and it's out of level. b. To suggest that the later renovators in the 3-4th century would use such a very shoddy foundation on which to build such a beautiful synagogue is unreasonable. c. They reused the original unlevel, unsquare foundation from the original synagogue because of its historic importance. d. The basalt foundation, therefore was saved as a memorial to the ancient first century synagogue. e. "Two structures from Capernaum are of particular interest to students of biblical archaeology. The first one is the synagogue referred to in Luke 7.1-10. The remains of the synagogue now standing are from the fourth century, but the clearly visible basalt foundation certainly ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Capernaum-bible-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-basalt-foundation-peters-house-paralytic-manna-demon-healed-30ad.htm | Size: 63K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 29: | Ancient Synagogues: [SOD] Synagogue Occupation date" computation ... ...What you read in THE BOOK you find in the ground." (Steven Rudd, 2017) Occupation date = Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date A. Current occupation dating systems are incomplete, short-sighted and unprofessional: 1. It is both short-sighted and unprofessional to date the occupation of an historic synagogue based solely upon the conclusions of an archeological report because "absence of archeological evidence is not evidence of absence". 2. Archeologists know first hand the limitations of professional three dimensional excavations. 3. Archeologists routinely ignore inscriptional and literary evidence of actual synagogue occupation. 4. For example, no one questions that Solomon built a temple in Jerusalem in 966 BC, even though there is zero direct archeological evidence for it. Like wise with the exodus route. B. Here are six examples to illustrate the new occupational dating system which should be adopted in all universities: 1. Capernaum in Judea: 30 AD: The ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/SOD-Ancient-oldest-Synagogue-Occupation-date=Excavation-date+Inscriptional-date+Literary-date-computation-system-Judea-Bible-Jesus-pre70AD.htm | Size: 47K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 30: | Ancient Synagogue Apamea, Laodicea, Pergamus, Adramyttium Marcus ... Marcus Tullius Cicero, 106-54 BC, For Flaccus 28, Speech of M. T. Cicero in defence of Lucius Valerius Flaccus, 59 BC. 3. "The Roman connection has been suggested by Clermont-Ganneau ("Decouverte," 196-97) on the basis of: (I) gens Vettia or Vectia being associated with that city, and (2) a person by the name of Vettienus mentioned by Cicero. This suggestion has been accepted by some (e.g., Schwabe, "Greek Inscriptions," 363-64)" (The Ancient Synagogue, Lee Levine, footnote 51, p57, 1999 AD) 4. Stealing Jewish gold from Synagogues: "The next thing is that charge [stealing] about the Jewish gold. ... As gold, under pretence of being given to the Jews, was accustomed every year to be exported out of Italy and all the provinces to Jerusalem, Flaccus issued an edict establishing a law that it should not be lawful for gold to be exported out of Asia. ... There was a hundredweight of gold, more or less openly seized at Apamea, and weighed out in the forum at the feet of the praetor, by ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Cicero-Apamea-Laodicea-Adramyttium-Pergamom-synagogue-literary-origin-ancient-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-stealing-gold-Flaccus-Praetor-59bc.htm | Size: 58K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 31: | Ark of the Scrolls Niche, Torah Shrine: Prototype of the Church ... Christians borrowed from Jewish synagogues, not the other way around. Standardized Architectural Synagogue Signature Typology Synagogue Architecture adopted by the Christian Church Floorplans and Furnishings of Pre-70 AD Second Temple Period synagogues Inside the Ark of the covenant was a copy of the Ten Commandments. On the side of the Ark of the covenant was a copy of the Torah, or Book of the Law. "Take this book of the law and place it beside the ark of the covenant of the LORD your God" (Deut 31:24-26) NICHE, ARK OF THE SCROLLS: PROTOTYPE OF THE CHURCH APSE 1. The Ark of the Scrolls cart pictured above from Capernaum comes from an architectural stone mantle from the ancient synagogue. a. While the Philistines and David wrongly transported the Ark of the Covenant on a cart with wheels, there was nothing wrong with using such a cart in early Synagogues. b. This rare engraving in limestone shows that the cart was movable and could be taken through the streets, just as the Ark of the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ark-of-the-Scrolls-Torah-Shrine-Niches-Prototype-Apse-Architectural-ancient-Synagogue-pre-70AD-standardized-typology-design-incorporated-copied-similarities-church.htm | Size: 81K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 32: | Hostels, Housing, Food Banks and appendages in Synagogues Synagogue worship was the prototype for Christian Church. APPENDAGES, HOSTELS, HOUSING, FOOD BANKS IN SYNAGOGUES A. Appendages were buildings adjoining the main synagogue hall and date back to the earliest times: 1. Take a look at each of the ancient synagogue inscriptions and notice the different types of activities they did in their buildings that were adjoining the main synagogue worship hall. 2. "Assembly hall and town hall for the local Jewish congregation: As such, the synagogue served as a centre for community fund-raising, charitable collections, congregational affairs, and as a type of court of public interests (S. Safrai 1976:942). Levine (2000:19-41, 124-159; 2004:27-30) contends that "the synagogue of this period was primarily a communal institution serving the many and varied needs-including the religious ones-of the local community". These services included: social and political gatherings, religious instruction, Torah reading and prayer, col-lecting monies for the Temple ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Hostels-Housing-ancient-Synagogue-Appendages-Food-Banks-out-buildings-farming-first-century-early-Christian-Church-New-Testament-worship-patterned-prototype.htm | Size: 72K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 33: | First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Migdal, Taracheae 50 BC Italian excavators to have served originally as a synagogue. Like the complex at Jericho, the Migdal building dates to the first century B.C. Its main features are columns along three sides and five broad benches on its northern side. According to the excavators, the building was converted into a springhouse following a flood and a three-sided water channel was added behind the columns. a. This synagogue with beautiful first century heart-shaped columns dates to about 50 BC. b. It was converted into a Roman springhouse for water storage around 100 AD. c. The cross section of the floor that was excavated confirms the level of the original synagogue floor. 2. Not too small to be a synagogue: a. At 8.16 to 7.25 meters (26.8 by 23.8 feet), some say this is too small to be a synagogue. But that was before Magdala was discovered! b. Yet recently discovered Magdala (500 meters north) is almost as small at 11 x 11 meters. c. The columns were placed on the outside to maximize the small space ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Migdal-Taracheae-bible-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-heart-shaped-columns-Roman-springhouse-ceramic-tile-roof-50bc.htm | Size: 67K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 34: | The Jewish Synagogue Mikveh was the "Christian Maker" Baptistry Christians borrowed from Jewish synagogues, not the other way around. Standardized Architectural Synagogue Signature Typology Synagogue Architecture adopted by the Christian Church Floorplans and Furnishings of Pre-70 AD Second Temple Period synagogues SYNAGOGUE MIKVEH: THE CHRISTIAN MAKER: Mk 16:16; Acts 2:38; 22:16; 1 Pe 3:21 1. The Ritual of using a Mikveh: a. Every time a Jew would enter the synagogue, he was strip off his clothing, descend into the water "ritually unclean", immerse himself, then ascend up out of the water on the stairs "ritually clean" b. In this way the mikveh was a forerunner of Christian water baptism were you have your sins "WASHED AWAY" . (Acts 22:16) c. When the 20 year Paul was told ""'Now why do you delay? Get up and be baptized, and wash away your sins, calling on His name.'" (Acts 22:16) this was something he had done over 250 times previously as a Pharisaic Jew, except this time, like all elements of contrast between the old and the new covenants, IT ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Mikvah-Christian-Maker-Baptistry-wash-sins-Architectural-ancient-Synagogue-pre-70AD-standardized-typology-design-incorporated-copied-similarities-into-church.htm | Size: 90K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 35: | First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Delos, Greece 250 BC Samaritan not Judean Synagogue. 2. The lack of columns at the Samaritan synagogue proves columns in Jewish synagogues was connected with the two freestanding columns at the Jerusalem Temple of Solomon. 3. See also: The Samaritans: Full outline and their history. https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-shechem-josephs-tomb-1865ad.jpg 4. "The oldest synagogue in the Diaspora to be preserved, excavated, and reported is the one from the Aegean island of Delos, birthplace of Apollo. A free port in the 2d century b.c.e., Delos attracted a substantial number of Greek-speaking Samaritans who erected a synagogue there sometime in the 1st century b.c.e." (ABD, Synagogues) 5. The synagogue MUST BE dated before 128 BC because John Hycranus destroyed the Samaritan temple on Mt Gerizim in 128 BC: Jos. Ant 13:254 A. Earliest Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD) = 250 BC 1. Excavation date: 250 BC 2. Inscriptional date: Delos 250 BC 3. Literary date: Josephus 54 BC 4. SOD computation system ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Delos-Greece-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-Samaritan-seat-of-Moses-benches-inscriptions-Mt-Gerizim-temple-250bc.htm | Size: 75K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 36: | First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Modein (Hurvat Umm el-Umdan ... Maccabees one has been excavated. c. Rectangular shape 12 x 10 meters, Bench seats. 8 interior pillars with a mikveh a few meters from the synagogue. 2. Modein is the hometown of Maccabees. (Hasmonean dynasty). a. What 1st Maccabees does tell us in high detail, is that Modein was the home town of the Maccabees. b. From Archeological excavation, we have uncovered a first century BC synagogue that was obviously built and used by the entire Hasmonean dynasty. c. The Maccabees put out a series of Jewish coins: 3. Modein is on the Madaba Map: a. See also: The Madaba Map b. Modein is marked on the Madaba map, accompanied by the legend in Greek: "Modeim, which today is Moditta, wherefrom were the Maccabees." 4. Twin synagogues of the Maccabees: a. There is a second Maccabean synagogue at Kiryat Sefer a 6.5 km northwest of Modein that features the same red and yellow plaster fresco on the synagogue columns and wall. b. The columns at Magdala are also painted red. c. Likely both Modein and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Modein-Hurvat-Umm-el-Umdan-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-mikveh-ark-of-scrolls-niche-bema-table-colour-fresco-132bc.htm | Size: 88K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 37: | Synagogue Perimeter Benches: Metaphor of Equality in Christ: ... Christians borrowed from Jewish synagogues, not the other way around. Standardized Architectural Synagogue Signature Typology Synagogue Architecture adopted by the Christian Church Floorplans and Furnishings of Pre-70 AD Second Temple Period synagogues "There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free man, there is neither male nor female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus. And if you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham's descendants, heirs according to promise." (Galatians 3:28-29) SYNAGOGUE PERIMETER BENCHES: METAPHOR OF EQUALITY IN CHRIST: Jas 2:1-4; Gal 3:27 Synagogue perimeter seating emphasized the collective and was a physical visual metaphor for our equality in Christ: "There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free man, there is neither male nor female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus. And if you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham's descendants, heirs according to promise." (Galatians 3:28-29) 1. Ancient Synagogue seats were stone ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Benches-triclinium-seating-Metaphor-Equality-Christ-Architectural-ancient-Synagogue-pre-70AD-standardized-typology-design-incorporated-adopted-similarities-church.htm | Size: 72K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 38: | First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Gamla 76 BC Ballista and other slings. c. "Finds at the synagogue were from the final stage and battle. They included 350 ballista balls, 35 arrowheads, and many nails and pottery items, among them Herodian lamps, broken jars, and cooking pots." (Ancient Synagogues - Archaeology and Art: New Discoveries and Current Research, Rachel Hachlili, p28, 2013 AD) 2. Gamla was founded by Alexander Jannaeus no later than 76 BC (103-76 BC) a. As one of the most important spiritual leaders it is unthinkable that Alexander Jannaeus would found this town without a synagogue. b. The synagogue seen today is a one period occupation site that likely dates back to 76 BC and was used until destroyed in 67 AD. c. "Gamla is the earliest synagogue structure to have been discovered in Judaea to date'" The building may have been built around the turn of the first century C.E., although a mid-first century B.C.E. foundation, some time between Alexander Jannaeus (103-76 B.c.E.) and Herod (37-4 B.c.E.), has also been ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Gamla-bible-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-ark-scrolls-niche-mikveh-heart-columns-bema-Judas-jewish-war-ballista-coin-76bc.htm | Size: 131K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 39: | Refugee Asylum Sanctuary Status In Synagogues Synagogue worship was the prototype for Christian Church. REFUGEE SANCTUARY IN SYNAGOGUES A. Synagogues had Asylum Refugee Sanctuary status: "no-go zones" 1. Carefully read each of the synagogue inscriptions above. 2. Literary sources confirm the ancient Asylum status of Synagogues dating back to 250 BC a. "Agrippa also did himself write, after the manner following, on behalf of the Jews:- "Agrippa, to the magistrates, senate, and people of the Ephesians, sendeth greeting. I will that the care and custody of the sacred money that is carried to the temple at Jerusalem be left to the Jews of Asia, to do with it according to their ancient custom; (168) and that such as steal that sacred money of the Jews, and fly to a sanctuary, shall be taken thence and delivered to the Jews, by the same law that sacrilegious persons are taken thence. I have also written to Sylvanus the praetor, that no one compel the Jews to come before a judge on the Sabbath day." (Josephus, Antiquities 16.167-168) b. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Refugee-Asylum-Sanctuary-Status-ancient-Synagogue-inviolate-no-go-zones-first-century-early-Christian-Church-New-Testament-worship-patterned-prototype.htm | Size: 60K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 40: | Weekly Sabbath Assemblies in Synagogues absent from the Tanakh Synagogue worship was the prototype for Christian Church. WEEKLY SABBATH ASSEMBLIES IN SYNAGOGUES A. Week assemblies are foreign to Mosaic Judaism and Temple worship: 1. Weekly assemblies are 100% foreign to Mosaic Judaism and Temple worship! a. The importance of this observation cannot be under emphasized. b. There is no direct Bible authority for weekly assemblies in Synagogues for Jews. c. Weekly attendance for Jewish synagogues on the Sabbath was an innovation. d. Weekly attendance for Christians on the first day was the result of Biblical legislation: Acts 20:7; 1 Cor 16:1-2 2. Mosaic Judaism and Temple worship required three annual pilgrimages to the tabernacle tent or temple: a. ""Three times in a year all your males shall appear before the Lord your God in the place which He chooses, at the Feast of Unleavened Bread and at the Feast of Weeks and at the Feast of Booths, and they shall not appear before the Lord empty-handed." (Deuteronomy 16:16) b. From 1446 - 1400 BC the Jews ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Weekly-Sabbath-Synagogue-assemblies-first-day-Sunday-century-early-Christian-Church-New-Testament-worship-patterned-prototype-ancient-ritual-liturgy.htm | Size: 63K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 41: | Orientation of Early Synagogues Did Not Point to Jerusalem Or ... Christians borrowed from Jewish synagogues, not the other way around. Standardized Architectural Synagogue Signature Typology Synagogue Architecture adopted by the Christian Church Floorplans and Furnishings of Pre-70 AD Second Temple Period synagogues "I have heard your prayer and your supplication, which you have made before Me; I have consecrated this house which you have built by putting My name there forever, and My eyes and My heart will be there perpetually." (1 Kings 9:3) EARLY SYNAGOGUES DID NOT POINT TO JERUSALEM or EASTERLY Eastern vs. Jerusalem Orientation of synagogues: God's ears, eyes, heart and name See also: East orientation of Jewish temples and altars A. Eastern or Jerusalem Orientation of Jewish synagogues: 1. None of the pre-70 AD synagogues were oriented towards Jerusalem. a. The first century synagogue at Capernaum, through sheer fluke of geography, almost due north of Jerusalem, making its orientation basically towards Jerusalem. But not close enough on the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Orientation-Point-to-Jerusalem-face-East-Architectural-ancient-Synagogue-pre-70AD-standardized-typology-design-incorporated-adopted-similarities-into-church.htm | Size: 71K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 42: | Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Jerusalem 18 BC Current location: Rockefeller Museum. 5. Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD) = Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date = 169 BC a. SOD computation system details b. Excavation date: none c. Inscriptional date: 18 BC d. Literary date: 169 BC i. Agatharchides 169 BC ii. Philo 38 AD iii. New Testament 30 AD iv. Josephus 169 BC v. Tosefta 250 AD vi. Jerusalem Talmud 400 AD vii. Babylonian Talmud 500 AD 6. Contemporary Rulers: Herod the Great 7. References: a. JIGRE #22; Corpus Inscriptionum Judaicarum II, Jean-Baptiste Frey, 2.1404, 1952 AD 8. Related Literary references: a. "Then some of those who belonged to the synagogue [gr: synagoge]. of the Freedmen (as it was called), Cyrenians, Alexandrians, and others of those from Cilicia and Asia, stood up and argued with Stephen. But they could not withstand the wisdom and the Spirit with which he spoke." (Acts 6:9-10) 9. Literary references to may synagogues in Jerusalem: see details at Jerusalem Talmud a. "They did not find me ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Jerusalem-synagogue-Greek-inscriptions-origin-ancient-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-Theodotos-Vettenos-archisynagogos-Freemen-Ophel-Cistern-18bc.htm | Size: 81K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 43: | Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Ostia, Seaport of Rome, Italy ... Jewish synagogue as far back as 282 BC. a. See also: Greek Septuagint: The Standard Tanakh of every ancient synagogue b. The Septuagint was the "standard issue Tanakh", as an "accepted and trusted translation" in every synagogue much like the King James Version is in the Church today. c. Hebrew was extinct in Judea at the time of Christ, except for the Jerusalem elites (Sadducees) who ran the temple. d. The entire diaspora Jewish population from 300 BC spoke Greek and were unable to read Hebrew. e. As the Septuagint was distributed in 280 BC throughout the world, it spawned synagogues according to its disaposra circulation. f. See also: Origin: Synagogues originated at Alexandria Egypt in 280 BC spawned by the Septuagint 2. "Recovered in the vestibule of the Ostia synagogue, this discarded inscription was used as part of the flooring in that building's final renovations in the fourth century C.E. The stone dates two centuries earlier, when it recorded the dedication of an unnamed ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ostia-synagogue-Greek-inscriptions-origin-ancient-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-dedicated-Ark-of-Scrolls-Torah-Shrine-Septuagint-doma-gift-200AD.htm | Size: 52K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 44: | Ancient Synagogues : Shuafat Synagogue (Khirbet er-Ras) Khirbet er-Ras during exacavation. a. Published report in Hebrew: "Jerusalem: Khirbeth a-ras" by Alexander Onn and Y. Rafyunu in Hadashot Arkheologiyot 100, page 61, 1993 AD b. Khirbat er-Ras is located on the northern bank of the Refa'im Valley, at the southern end of the Manabat (Malba) ridge, where Nabal Manabat runs into Nabal Refa'im (map ref. 21699/62801; Gibson 1977:30-31; Edelstein, Milevski and Aurant 1998: Plan 2.1; Kloner 2000:30*, Site 39; Gadot 2011; Fig. 1). (Khirbat Er-Ras, Jerusalem: Iron Age And Ottoman-Period Remains, Nurit Feig) 2. More detailed reports need to be published and more excavation work needs to be done at Khirbet er-Ras to clarify if there was a synagogue at this location: a. "This settlement was founded in the second century B.C.E. and abandoned due to an earthquake in 31 B.C.E. Excavations took place in 1991 under Alexander Onn. Very little information has been published on the results of the excavations, making it extremely difficult to evaluate the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Shuafat-Khirbeth-a-ras-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-1991-Alexander-Onn-benches-mikveh-31bc.htm | Size: 45K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 45: | Political, Civic and Town Hall Meetings in Synagogues Synagogue worship was the prototype for Christian Church. POLITICAL, CIVIC, TOWN HALL MEETINGS IN SYNAGOGUES A. Town hall type civic meetings in Synagogues: 1. First, it is important to note that these civic meetings were not the same as when a church today holds a purely secular "all candidates political" meeting where the general public get to hear the views with a view to voting. a. Non-Jews were forbidden from entering synagogues. b. The Jews who entered had to be ritually pure, by immersing in the Mikveh before they could enter. c. There were no elections in the first century because it was not a democracy. d. These civic meetings discussed pressing emergency public matters that directly involved and affected the local Jewish community and were not open to the general public. 2. "Assembly hall and town hall for the local Jewish congregation: As such, the synagogue served as a centre for community fund-raising, charitable collections, congregational affairs, and as a type of court ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Political-Civic-assemblies-ancient-Synagogue-Town-Hall-Meetingsfirst-century-early-Christian-Church-New-Testament-worship-patterned-prototyperitual-liturgy.htm | Size: 53K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 46: | Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Crocodilopolis, Egypt: 240 ... Current location: Current location is unknown. 5. Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD) = Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date = 240 BC a. SOD computation system details b. Excavation date: none c. Inscriptional date: 240 BC d. Literary date: Crocodilopolis 113 BC and Crocodilopolis 113 AD 6. Contemporary Rulers: Ptolemy III Euergetes King of Ptolemy (246-222 BC) 7. References: a. JIGRE: Jewish Inscriptions of Graeco-Roman Egypt, Hornbury/Noy, #117 1992 AD b. CPJ: Corpus Papyrorum Judaicarum, Tcherikover, vol 3, no. 3.1532a, 1964 AD c. Photo: The Jews of Egypt: from Rameses II to Emperor Hadrian, Joseph Modrzejewski, p76-78, 1997 AD 8. Related Literary references: a. Acts 16:13 b. Philo, Embassy 132-134 c. Josephus, Life 277 9. Further documentation and comments: a. This is probably the same synagogue as in the papyrus inscriptions that dates to 113 BC and quite likely one of the two synagogues referenced in the papyrus inscription that dates to the time of Trajan in 113 AD. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Crocodilopolis-Arsinoe-Egypt-synagogue-Greek-inscriptions-origin-ancient-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-PtolemyIII-Queen-Berenice-proseuche-Fayum-240bc.htm | Size: 47K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 47: | Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Nitriani, Egypt 139 BC Current location: Alexandria Museum. 5. Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD) = Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date = 139 BC a. SOD computation system details b. Excavation date: none c. Inscriptional date: 139 BC d. Literary date: none 6. Contemporary Rulers: Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II, King of Ptolemy (145-116 BC) 7. References: a. JIGRE #25; Corpus Inscriptionum Judaicarum II, Jean-Baptiste Frey, 2.1442, 1952 AD 8. Related Literary references: a. Acts 16:13; Philo, Embassy 132-134; Josephus Life 277 B. Inscription footnotes: 1. Lit. proseuche = house of prayer 2. Out buildings: houses, storage, water installations, gardens 3. Lit. exedra = adjoining structures: Out buildings: houses, storage, water installations, gardens a. Appendages: Hostels, Housing and Food Banks in Synagogues b. Also at Theodostos 18 BC inscription c. The Land survey of Crocodilopolis 113 BC d. Xenephyris 139 BC inscription By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Nitriani-Egypt-synagogue-Greek-inscriptions-origin-ancient-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-PtolemyVIII-Cleopatra-proseuche-appurtenances-Natrun-139bc.htm | Size: 47K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 48: | Ancient Synagogue Payrus Inscription from Crocodilopolis, Egypt ... Emperor and Lord Trajan Caesar till Phaophi 30 of the current 17th year." b. (Col. II) "For supplying water to the bath of Severianus 18 obols daily ; Pachon, Payni, and Epeiph 72 dr. 18 ob. per month ; Mesore 1-15 (36 dr. 9 ob.) ; Mesore 16-3o no bathing (14 dr. 5 ob.) instead of 36 dr. 9 ob. or total for Mesore of 52 dr. For five intercalary days 12 dr. 3 ob. ; 17th year 72 dr. 18 ob. for Thoth and Phaophi. Total 424 dr. 93 ob. For supplying water to the street fountain 9 ob. daily : Pachon and Payni 36 dr. 9 ob. each ; for 27 days in Epeiph 33 dr. 4 ob. ; Mesore 36 dr. 9 ob. ; and" c. (Col. III) "for five intercalary days 45 ob. Total 141 dr. 76 ob. For supplying water to the Macedonians' fountain 9 ob. daily: Pachon, Payni, Epeiph, and Mesore 36 dr. 9 ob. each month; for 5 intercalary days 45 ob. Total 152 dr. 14 ob. For supplying the fountain of Kleopatrios 9 ob. daily : Pachon, Payni, and Epeiph 36 dr. 9 ob. monthly ; Mesore 20 dr. and the additional sum paid by the bath of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Crocodilopolis-Arsinoe-Egypt-synagogue-Greek-inscriptions-origin-ancient-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-Trajan-proseuche-mikveh-water-tax-drachmae-113ad.htm | Size: 51K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 49: | Schools, Education and Literacy of Jews In Synagogues Synagogue worship was the prototype for Christian Church. IN 931 BC JEWS COULD ALL READ AND WRITE BOOKS "But beyond this, my son, be warned: the writing of many books is endless, and excessive devotion to books is wearying to the body." (Ecclesiastes 12:12) SCHOOLS AND LITERACY OF JEWS IN SYNAGOGUES A. History of Jewish Literacy: 1. The Jewish nation is the historically most literate of any nation on earth. 2. Hebrew was the first formal alphabet on earth in 1850 BC from which all other alphabets are derived including English. 3. In 1446 BC Moses mandated father's reading the Law of Moses to their sons, and therefore also how to read and write, so their sons could repeat the process for their children. a. ""Remember the day you stood before the Lord your God at Horeb, when the Lord said to me, 'Assemble the people to Me, that I may let them hear My words so they may learn to fear Me all the days they live on the earth, and that they may teach their children.'" (Deuteronomy 4:10) b. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Schools-ancient-Synagogue-Literacy-of-Jews-education-reading-writing-first-century-early-Christian-Church-New-Testament-worship-patterned-prototype-liturgy.htm | Size: 69K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 50: | Ancient Synagogue Inscriptions from Delos, Greece 250 BC Athenian control in 166 BC. Bruneau also takes the extreme view that this is not even a synagogue but a prayer. 4. "The two inscriptions may be closer to each other in time than Bruneau believes" (IJO, Noy, vol 1, p233, 2004) 5. John Hycranus destroyed the Samaritan temple on Mt Gerizim in 128 BC: Jos. Ant 13:254 6. Knossos is the capital of Crete Island. C. Inscription footnotes: 1. John Hycranus destroyed the Samaritan temple on Mt Gerizim in 128 BC: Josephus Antiquities 13:254-256 2. His hometown was Herakleion, the port city of Knossos on Island of Crete. 3. Lit. proseuche = prayer hall. Must be a Samaritan synagogue as opposed to Jewish because Jews would donate to Jerusalem and hated the Samaritans. D. See also: The Samaritans: Full outline and their history. https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-shechem-josephs-tomb-1865ad.jpg E. For full discussion on the Delos Synagogue see: Delos excavation top plan 250 BC By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the author for comments, input ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Delos-Greece-synagogue-Greek-inscriptions-origin-ancient-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-first-fruits-donations-construct-Samaritan-temple-Mt-Gerizim-250bc.htm | Size: 52K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
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