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1: bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-did-i-excavate ...
Did I Excavate Kadesh-Barnea? Ein el-Qudeirat Difficulty of site identification and absence of Exodus remains poses problem By Rudolph Cohen 1981 AD The problem of Kadesh-Barnea is simply stated: Has the site been correctly identified? If so, why have we found no remains from the Exodus period? Kadesh-Barnea was the most important stop on the Exodus. The site also has special connections ... Our archaeological excavations have revealed the ruins of three Iron Age (Israelite) fortresses on the tell, each, except for the first, built over its predecessor. These fortresses date from the tenth to the sixth centuries B.C. and provide important data which help flesh out the tangled history of ... After considering the list's repetitive character—numbers written several times, sometimes with the shekel sign and sometimes without—our preliminary view is that the ostracon probably is an exercise in scribal recording.e Some scholars interpret the presence of hieratic numerals as an indication of ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-did-i-excavate-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-bar-1981ad.htm
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2: Ein El-Qudeirat is not Kadesh Barnea: : Wrongly identified as ...
Ein El-Qudeirat Fortress of Solomon 950 BC but Cannot be Kadesh Barnea "The world's unfortunate choice for Kadesh Barnea: 1916 AD - Present" Click to View "Has the site been correctly identified? If so, why have we found no remains from the Exodus period? ... Thus far our excavations have yielded nothing earlier than the tenth century B.C. - the time of King Solomon." (Rudolph Cohen) See also: Chronological History of "The search for Kadesh" Click to View Click to View Ein El-Qudeirat: the largest oasis in the ... The springs of Ein el-Qudeirat are the richest and most abundant in the Sinai; they water the largest oasis in northern Sinai. (Did I Excavate Kadesh-Barnea? absence of Exodus remains poses problem, Rudolph Cohen, 1981 AD) "Has the site been ... However, while most of the other fortresses demolished in Pharaoh Shishak's assault were permanently abandoned, the fortress at Kadesh-barnea was twice rebuilt and reoccupied. In the 8th-7th centuries a solid-walled fortress was erected on ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-ein-el-qudeirat.htm
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3: Negev Pottery: "Negev ware" "Negevite ware" Crude, hand made ...
One exception was the fortress at Kuntillet Ajrud, which lacked Negev pottery. "Surprisingly, the site yielded no "Negeb-type pottery" supposedly associated with the no-madic inhabitants of the area." ... that it be connected specifically with the Kenites, particularly in view of the fact that, in the Old Testament, a close relationship is posited between them and the Israelites (e.g., 1 Sam 15:6)" (Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph Cohen, 1981 AD) However it might be better associated with the Israelites who lived in remote areas of the Negev. ... However. B. Rothenberg's research in the Timna-Eilat area has shown that its origins may be several centuries earlier (1972: 153-54), and now, since the excavations at Kadesh-barnea, it is clear that it ... These more experimental forms are associated primarily with the later levels of the site." (Did I Excavate Kadesh-Barnea? absence of Exodus remains poses problem, Rudolph Cohen) The percentage mix of Negev ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-negev-ware-negevite-ware-hand-made-pottery.htm
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4: The Fortresses King Solomon Built to Protect His Southern Border ...
The Fortresses King Solomon Built to Protect His Southern Border By Rudolph Cohen, 1985 AD String of desert fortresses uncovered in Central Negev ... ("Lawrence of Arabia") discovered Qast er-Ruheileh, Bir Birein and Tell Ein el Qudeirat in what they identified as the Biblical "Wilderness of Zin." ... In 1961, Beno Rothenberg also surveyed the area of Nahal Horsha and Nahal Kadesh Barnea.3 In 1965, I began my own work in this area. In the second ... at their corners and sides date from the eighth to the sixth centuries B.C., considerably later in the Iron Age than the other three ... Although never found in large quantities in any of the fortresses, it is nevertheless homogeneous pottery and clearly datable, in our view, ... The list includes, for example, the fortress of Great Arad, which clearly refers to the site still bearing that name. Identifying the other ... For more information, see "Did I Excavate Kadesh-Barnea?" BAR 07:03. c. With regard to Esdar, Kochavi has incorrectly (in my opinion) ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/fortresses-king-solomon-built-to-protect-his-southern-border-rudolph-cohen-1985ad.htm
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5: The Madaba map (mosaic floor) 542 AD St. George's Orthodox church ...
fishing boat to join him. So, like their modern Muslim archeological counterparts who excavate the Temple mount with a bull dozer and grind 2000 year old artifacts into gravel for ... Numbers 32:37; K. 112:14; L. 270:10. Textual variants: Kariathieim (Greek). For contemporary site Coroiath and Eoraiatat (Latin). Another wholly Christian town (cf. K. 26:14) is ... B. The exodus route: Border of Egypt 1. The Wadi el-Arish is the same as the River of Egypt in Gen 15:18 Click to View 2. All Bible maps have wrongly located Kadesh Barnea at Ein el-Qudeirat since 1916 AD. Yet Qudeirat, if they thought it was important, ... Judges 1: 16, Ezekiel 47: 29). Tamar is was identified by Rudolph Cohen to be En Haseva. "In an article last year (BA 57:4119941), we outlined the Roman, Nabatean, and Iron Age remains at ... Agricultural terraces were surveyed over a wide area in its neighborhood. The finds indicate that it was founded in the third-second centuries B.C.E., reached its zenith during the ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-madaba-map.htm
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6: Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph ...
Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978 Ein el-Qudeirat Rudolph Cohen 1981 AD (Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph Cohen, 1981 AD) In December of 1978 the author completed his fourth season of excavations at the desert oasis site of Tell el Qudeirat, generally identified with Kadesh-barnea of the Bible. A comprehensive review of the research hitherto conducted on the site, including an update from the 1979 season, is here presented, along with a summary of the latest findings and a discussion of some of the remaining archeological and historical problems. General view of Tell el-Qudeirat and the adjacent Wadi. Left: The fortress of 'Ain Qedeis. Right: ... While not specifically equating this tell with the biblical site, he felt that Kadeshbarnea was located assuredly in this region. 94 BIBLICAL ARCHEOLOGIST / SPRING 1981 Eastern part of Tell el-Qudeirat showing the rows of casemate rooms and the protruding northeast tower of the 7th-6th centuries B.C.E. In ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-excavations-at-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-ba-1976-1982ad.htm
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7: The southern border of Judah and Kadesh Barnea at Petra
The southern border of Judah: 1406 BC Kadesh Barnea at Petra Click to View Most maps wrongly place Kadesh at ein el-Qudeirat and draw border line south of Qudeirat. The problem with this should be obvious to anyone who believes the Bible is both inspired and error free. If you draw ... Qudeirat was the "border town" between Egypt and Israel after 900 BC. 4. Archaeological reports about the excavations at Ein el-Quderat misidentified as Kadesh Barnea: a. "The earliest fortress on the site was erected seemingly on virgin soil in the 10th-9th centuries B.C.E. ... Dozens of such fortresses have been located since the survey of Woolley and Lawrence, and many have been excavated over the past 12 years-mainly by the author sometimes in conjunction with Z. Meshel (Cohen 1970: 6-24; ... Thus, these fortresses also define the southern border of Israel at the time of its greatest extent." (Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph Cohen, 1981 AD) b. "Notable among these evidences ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-southern-border-judah-territory.htm
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8: Ein El Qedeis: "Piltdown Kadesh" Kadesh Barnea: 1881 - 1916 AD
Ein El-Qudeirat means "Fountain of Omnipotence" or "Fountain of God s Power". This has nothing to do with any connection with God bringing water from the rock with Moses, but the fact that Qudeirat is the largest spring in the entire ... Click to View Ein Qedeis is a barren dustbowl. "The actual site of Kadesh-Barnea has long been a subject of scholarly dispute. The earliest 19th century investigators, men like Karl von Raumer and Edward Robinson, looked for ... Moreover, Trumbull described Ein-Qedeis as a luxuriant oasis which seemed to fit the Biblical description of the site. Unfortunately, Trumbull's description of Ein-Qedeis was highly romanticized. In fact, Ein-Qedeis is a shallow pool of water surrounded by a desert wasteland. Ein-Qedeis could not have been a major ancient center like Kadesh-Barnea." (Did I Excavate Kadesh-Barnea? absence of Exodus remains poses problem, Rudolph Cohen) Click to View A. History of Ein Qedeis as Kadesh Barnea: Chronological History of the ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-ein-qedeis.htm
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9: Solomon's network of military border fortresses in the Negev
By simply plotting the locations of these fortresses, we can therefore determine where the border between Israel and Egypt lie, from an archeological point of view. Special attention is placed in this study on ... Archeologists assign ranges from 1100 BC - 950 BC for Qudeirat, therefore Ein el Qudeirat cannot be Kadesh Barnea because the exodus happened at 1450 BC. These unusual and varied shapes of the many fortresses is explained by the fact they were ... Second, at Kadesh-barnea in the 8th-7th centuries B.C. a solid-walled fortress was erected over its predecessor's remains." (The Iron Age Fortresses in the Central Negev, Rudolph Cohen, 1979 AD) One of the big discussions is the what the Fortresses were used for. Some Bible trashing archeologists believe the fortresses were not used ... Solomon greatly expanded his rule so he is the obvious candidate for these fortresses. B. Locations of the 50 fortresses: "The site, [Ahoroni Fortress] named for the late Y. Aharoni, be-longs to the category ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-davids-negev-border-fortress-network.htm
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10: Historical search for Kadesh Barnea from 1000 BC - Present
... This is why they have zero interest in the science of archaeology. Click to View 1821-1881 AD: The western Arabah Valley Ein El Weibeh and Ein Hasb "The Identification of the site Kadesh-barnea's actual site for a long time was subject to scholarly dispute. This is hardly surprising since many of the geographical terms employed in the Bible, including most of those connected with the ... At first the search for Kadesh-barnea focused on the Arabah, the deep, desolate geological fissure extending from the south end of the Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba. [ie the Arabah valley" (Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph Cohen, 1981 AD) "The pioneering explorers of the early 19th century ... In fact, Ein-Qedeis is a shallow pool of water surrounded by a desert wasteland. Ein-Qedeis could not have been a major ancient center like Kadesh-Barnea." (Did I Excavate Kadesh-Barnea? absence of Exodus remains poses problem, Rudolph Cohen, 1981 AD) The New Advent Catholic ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-historical-search.htm
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11: Ein Haseva Fortress: One of Solomon's network of military border ...
Click to View K. Ajrud Click to View Elat/Kheleifeh Click to View Haseva Click to View Loz Click to View Introduction: The fortress of Ein Haseva was one of many ... The popular candidate location for the Ascent of Akrabbim, is located just north of the main route that travels from the Negev through Ein Haseva, to the ... a specific date, like wheel made pottery, does not change the fact that if the site was built by Solomon, we would expect to find Negevite war. The absence, not the presence of this pottery is what would disqualify Solomon as the builder. The key here, is that the modern choice of Kadesh Barnea located at Qudeirat, is clearly wrong. ... The Stratum 5 fortress, the largest and best-preserved of the three, has been ascribed to the ninth-eighth centuries BCE. The latest fortress (Stratum 4), ... of the First Temple (586 BCE)." (The Iron Age Fortresses at En Haseva, Rudolph Cohen, 1995 AD) "Stratum 6 (The Early Fortress): Among the earliest remains ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-ein-haseva.htm
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12: bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-judahs-last-outpost-carol ...
... Aharoni's work was concentrated upon the road system. Since then and as a result of the Israel Survey, the explorations of Rudolph Cohen, head of the Negev Survey, have given ... Gradually, a sound basis for evaluating the borders of Israelite settlement in the South is being established. Fig. 1. View of Tell e Qudeirat, identified with biblical Kadesh Barnea; the excavated area is at the eastern end of the tell. Central Negev: Abandoned After Tenth Century As a result of the work done to date by Cohen, particularly at ... the Judean hold on it, Cohen turned to the site of Kadesh Barnea, where he fielded an excavation in January, 1976, on behalf of the Department of Antiquities and Museums of Israel. Kadesh Barnea, known also as Tell e Qudeirat after the spring Ein el Qudeirat, is located at the largest ... with pottery from a very long time-span — the 9th to the 7th centuries; and a post-fortress period of scattered Persian remains.6 Cohen was curious about a number of things. ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-judahs-last-outpost-carol-meyers-1976ad.htm
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13: Petra, Jordan: Biblical Kadesh Barnea, Sela, Joktheel, En-mishpat ...
Petra, Jordan (Kadesh Barnea) Click to View 1. Josephus, Eusebius and Jerome all said that Kadesh Barnea was located at Petra. The Treasury at Petra was carved by the Nabataeans in 100 BC and ... Hor was Transjordan outside the promise land only one stop from Kadesh. 4. All Bible maps since 1916 AD wrongly locate Kadesh Barnea at ein el-Qudeirat which is 27 km inside formal stated boundary of the promised land. ... So Kadesh is likely located at a place with no springs at all that we can see today! 10. No one knows why the tombs of the dead are there. It even says this in the official site information. a. ... The Edomites moved into the Petra area after centuries after the Hebrews abandoned the city. Kadesh Barnea was renamed Sela "rock": "But it is almost certain that of the two, "sela," like our ... 1994 AD) (Kadesh Barnea, Ain el-Qudeirat, A fortress from the time of the Judaean Kingdom, Rudolph Cohen, The Israel Museum, Jerusalem 1983 AD) (Reconstructing Petra, Smithsonian: June 2007; Vol 38, ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra.htm
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14: Solomon's Fortress at Elat, Aqaba: Tell el-Kheleifeh and Jezirat ...
Introduction document: Solomon's network of military border fortresses Click to View Qudeirat Click to View Qedeis Click to View Quseima ... Sinai located at Jebel Al-Lawz in modern Saudi Arabia and Kadesh Barnea located at or near Petra fits perfectly, given they would pass right by Mt. Seir, the seat of transjordan Edomite territory. Ezion-geber, like Kadesh itself, must be on the edge ... Tell el-Kheleifeh, 1965 AD) Nelson Gluecks was the first to excavate tell-el-kheleifeh between 1938-1940 AD. But in 1965 AD, he re-evaluated some of his conclusions and rejected the site as Ezion-geber: "We find ourselves compelled in their light and in view of new knowledge and some convincing criticisms of our initial ... (Bartlett 1989:127)." (The Iron Age Fortresses at En Haseva, Rudolph Cohen, 1995 AD) A. Location of Elat and Ezion-Geber: Click to View We ... north of Eilat, has produced evidence of an Egyptian mining operation in the Late Bronze/Early Iron Age I (14th-12th centuries B.C.). ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-ezion-geber-elat-aqaba.htm
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15: (The Iron Age Fortresses in the Central Negev, Rudolph Cohen ...
Department of Antiquities and Museums, Jerusalem, Israel (The Iron Age Fortresses in the Central Negev, Rudolph Cohen, 1979 AD) The Discovery of the Fortresses The remains of several fortresses (Qasr er-R ukieibeh, Bir Birein, and Tell 'Ain el-Qudeirat) were ... Thus, in the view of Woolley and Lawrence, the fortresses had probably served as "military police stations" designed to guard the caravan routes ... Raviv, Qasr er-Ruheibeh, Be'er Har Boger, Mishor Ha-Ruah, and the fortress north of Kadesh-barnea; (3) irregular fortresses, including those of `Ain ... Glueck and Aharoni maintained that the fortresses had been erected by the kings of Israel between the 10th and the 7th centuries B.C. in order to ... The author also conducted four seasons of excavations between 1976-78 at the important fortress site of Tel Kadesh-barnea (Tell 'Ain el-Qudeirat; ... I977a Notes and News: H. Mesora. Israel Exploration Journal 27: 170-71. 1977b Notes and News: `Ein Qedeis. Israel Exploration Journal 27: 171. ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-iron-age-fortresses-central-negev-rudolph-cohen-1979ad.htm
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16: Timna
... though the defacing of Hathor and the destruction of the Egyptian monuments may also be otherwise explainable. (Timna, Beno Rothenberg, 1969 AD) Click to View "Hershel Shanks: So you would place Sinai in what is today Saudi Arabia?" ... Both archeology and science have proven that Midianite pottery found at Timna was imported from a kiln located at Qurayyah: "Today the Timna types of Midianite ware are dated to the fourteenth to twelfth centuries BC, and there is good ... appear at numerous other Iron Age sites, particularly in the Central Negev and Timna-Eilat area." (Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph Cohen, 1981 AD) Stylistically defined `Negbite' [Negev ware] pottery thought to be local to the Negev also had its origin ... Furthermore, the Negev also imported pottery from elsewhere during Iron Age II as was shown in a provenance study of pottery found at Kuntillet 'Ajrud, a site south of Qadesh Barnea (Gunneweg et al. 1985). (Edomite, Negev, Midianite ... ...
https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-timna.htm
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17: Midianite Pottery: The designer import of the ancient world.
... and very little Midianite pottery was located at Site 34, a large quantity of Midianite ware was found at the unwalled sites of Timna and also in the excavation of Site 2 where it appears from the very beginning and in all levels of the smelting camp. ... the incense-burner, alluded to above, several complete oil-lamps, and numerous cooking-pot sherds. (Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph Cohen, 1981 AD) D. Midianite pottery found at Tell el-Kheleifeh (Elat) Midianite pottery was found at Elat (Tell el-Kheleifeh) ... Given the uncertainty of field provenance and the chronology of "Midianite" pottery, which can antedate the Tell el-Kheleifeh assemblage by some four centuries (Rothenberg and Glass 1981: 85-114; 1983: 100-1), these few sherds surely do not document an occupational horizon." (Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh: A Reappraisal, Gary D. Pratico, 1985 AD) By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-midianite-pottery.htm
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18: The Bible and Radiocarbon Dating: Archaeology, Text and Science ...
... However, the excavations in Area M highlight the need carefully to excavate this (or another) slag mound to virgin soil so ... These nomadic goat-sheep pastoralists became sedentary, in his view, due to sup-posed economic changes in the south, ... Iron Age (ca. 1200-1000 BCE) and also in the 10th-9th centuries BCE. It is important to compare these "C dates from ... Tell el-Qudeirat Fortresses Woolley and Lawrence (1914-15) suggested associating the relatively well-watered area of Tell el-Qu deirat in north-eastern Sinai with Biblical Kadesh Barnea, the main place of sojournment of the ancient Israelites in the desert following ... The extensive excavations by Cohen (1980, 1981a, 1981 b, 1983, 1986, 1993a) uncovered three different Iron Age fortresses ... This geomorphic surface provided a logical choice and firm foundation for the site-location of the successive fortresses ... Acknowledgments We thank Dr Rudolph Cohen and the Israel Antiquities Authority for their cooperation in the sampling and ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-bible-and-radiocarbon-dating-archaeology-text-and-science-thomas-e-levy-thomas-higham-2005ad.htm
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19: bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-kadesh-barnea ...
Kadesh Barnea (Ain el-Qudeirat) A fortress from the time of the Judaean Kingdom Rudolph Cohen The Israel Museum, Jerusalem 1983 AD The Site Biblical Tradition Kadesh-barnea's importance in the history of the Jewish people derives primarily from its biblical association with Israel's sojourn in the desert. As a consequence, numerous scholars of past generations have attempted to ... In 1956, Dothan conducted excavations at the site, and was able to clarify many details connected with the ground plan of the fortress. Dothan ascribed its construction to the 8th-7th centuries B.C.E. (during the reign of Jehoshaphat), and its destruction to about the same time as that of the First Temple ... The latter associated it with nomad potters active in the Negev and Aravah who lacked the knowledge and equipment to produce more finished ware. Glueck ultimately subscribed to this view, connecting such pottery with the nomadic and semi-nomadic inhabitants of the region, such as the Kenites, Rechabites, ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-kadesh-barnea-fortress-judaean-israel-museum-1983ad.htm
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20: Ein El Weibeh: K. Von Raumer's choice for Kadesh Barnea in 1831 ...
Click to View 1821-1881 AD: The western Arabah Valley Ein El Weibeh and Ein Hasb Introduction: "The Identification of the Site Kadesh-barnea's actual site for a long time was subject to scholarly dispute. This is hardly surprising since many of the geographical terms employed in the Bible, including most of those connected with the route of the Exodus, had passed out of currency by late antiquity. Discussion of the site's location, until the 19th century, was based completely on the diverse literary sources. In 1807, however, U. J. Seetzen entered the Negev in the course of his Levantine travels (1854: 1-68), opening this area to modern exploration. At first the search for Kadesh-barnea focused on the Arabah, the deep, desolate geological fissure extending from the south end of the Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba." (Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph Cohen, 1981 AD) In 1806-7 Ulrich Jasper Seetzen, (AKA Musa el Hakim) a Russian Doctor, was first to explore ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-weibeh.htm
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21: The Rectangular Fortress at Kadesh Barnea, David Ussishkin, 1995 ...
We include Ussishkin comments because he agrees with Dothan and Cohen, that the site was first inhabited about the time of David in 1000 BC. We have focused primarily on the earliest and oldest fortress at Qudeirat, since it is the only part of the site that has bearing on whether Qudeirat is the Kadesh Barnea of the Bible, which we reject. Ussishkin does acknowledge the earlier "oval fortress" but hardly ... Click to View (The Rectangular Fortress at Kadesh Barnea, David Ussishkin, 1995 AD) THE rectangular fortress at Kadesh-Barnea has raised considerable interest among scholars since C.L. Woolley and ... tenth century B.C.E.; the rectangular fortress dating from the eighth-sixth centuries B.C.E.; and a settlement which existed after the destruction of the fortress, dating from the Persian period. ... pp. 134-151. 3 R. Cohen: Notes and News: Kadesh-Barnea, IEJ 26 (1976), pp. 201-202; 28 (1978), p. 197; 30 (1980), pp. 235-236; 32 (1982), pp. 70-71, 266-267; idem, Did I Excavate Kadesh-Barnea? ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-rectangular-fortress-at-kadesh-barnea-david-ussishkin-1995ad.htm
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22: The Ahoroni Fortress at Quseima: One of Solomon's network of ...
The summit was able to watch over three of four springs in the area. Only Qedeis was out of visual site. Quseima is the center of a four major ancient ... Solomon built three border fortresses in close proximity to three of the springs: Quseima and Qudeirat and Qedeis. From a strategic point of view, the ... BC by Solomon at Quseima, Qudeirat and Qedeis proves our point that they cannot be used a proof that this is where Kadesh Barnea was located. The Ahoroni Fortress near Quseima, Egypt is one of over 50 outposts built by king Solomon to protect the border between Israel and Egypt, which lie about 19 km west of Quseima and about 26 km west of Ein Qudierat and Ein Kades. (Ein ... true to his multistage theory, dates the whole process to the end of the 11th and beginning of the 10th centuries (Finkelstein and Perevolotsky 1990: 78). ... characteristic of the Iron Age; and rough, handmade pottery, of the type known as "Negev ware" (Cohen 1986). The number of Negev ware sherds was small. ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-quseima-ahoroni.htm
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23: Nelson Glueck's 1938-1940 Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh: A ...
... designation is defined in the context of architecture, that is, a citadel conceived of as a stronghold or fortified place with a view to defense or refuge. ... The excavator dated these levels to the 9th and 8th centuries B.C. (Y. Aharoni 1981: 4-9), chronologi-cal horizons supported by those who have taken up the ... Tell el-Qudeirat (Kadesh-barnea) and Horvat `Uza. Two other fortified settlements offer instruc-tive parallels for the study of Tell el-Kheleifeh's offsets/ insets phase: Tell el-Qudeirat (middle and latest phases; Cohen 1979: 72-74; 1981: 93-104) and Horvat Uza (Y. Aharoni 1958: 33-35; Cohen 1979: 74-75). Although there are only general similarities in architectural plan, there are pro-nounced similarities between the handmade and wheelmade pottery horizons of each site, especially between Tell el-Qudeirat and Tell ... University; Ze'ev Meshel, Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv Univer-sity; Rudolph Cohen, Department of Antiquities and Museums, Jerusalem; Yigal Shiloh, ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-nelson-gluecks-1938-1940-excavations-tell-el-kheleifeh-reappraisal-gary-pratico-1985ad.htm
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24: The Fortress at Kadesh-Barnea, Moshe Dothan, Ein el-Qudeirat ...
The Fortress at Kadesh-Barnea Moshe Dothan Ein el-Qudeirat 1965 AD (The Fortress at Kadesh-Barnea, M Dothan, Israel Exploration Journal, 1965, p134-51) The Fortress at Kadesh-Barnea M. DOTHAN Department of Antiquities In the later parts of 1956, an ... The vicinity of the tell is intensively cultivated, and gardens and orchards surround it on all sides. A comparison of the site today with the description in the above survey reveals that in the main the upper walls of the fortress on the tell ... THE FORTRESS (Fig. 1) Click to View The fortress of Kadesh-barnea is built in the form of a rectangle, about 60 X 41 m in size. The rampants of the fortress are casemated. They are 4-5 m wide, consisting of two walls, each about one metre thick ... It is therefore not surprising that here the finds are mostly from the last period of the fortress. The pottery dates from the 8th-7th centuries B.C.E. but some comes from the 9th century, including a number of ring-based jugs with a red slip and ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-fortress-at-kadesh-barnea-dothan-1965ad.htm
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25: Pots and Polities: Material Remains of Late Iron Age Judah in ...
... site, while Qadesh Barnea existed throughout the eighth and seventh centuries B.C. Archaeologically, both sites can be defined as fortresses related to ... be taken as a form of some "universal religion" (this view is contrary to that of many scholars, who identify many goddesses as one basic "mother goddess"). ... Clarke, D. L. 1968 Analytical Archaeology. London: Methuen. Cohen, R. 1983 Excavations at Kadesh-Barnea, 1976-1982. Qadmoniot 61: 2-14 (Hebrew). Cohen, R., and Yisrael, Y. 1995 On the Road to Edom: Discoveries ... Bulletin of the American Schools of Ori-ental Research 298: 37-58. Dietrich, M., and Klopfenstein, M. A., eds. 1994 Ein Gott allein? JHWE-Verehrung und ... New York: Jewish Theological Semi-nary of America. 1989 Tel Micine-Ekron: A Type-Site for the Inner Coastal Plain in the Iron Age II Period. Pp. 23-58 in ... Semitica 32: 19-20. Lemaire, A., and Vernus, P. 1983 L'Ostracon paleo-hebreu no. 6 de Tell Qudeirat (Qadesh Barnea). Pp. 302-26 in Fontes Atque Pontes: Eine ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-pots-and-polities-material-remains-of-late-iron-age-judah-in-relation-to-its-political-borders-raz-kletter-1999ad.htm
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26: Kadesh Barnea is located at Petra, Beidha and Basta
Kadesh Barnea Located at Petra from ancient El Beidha (5 km north of Petra) to ancient Basta (12 km SE of Petra). See also: Chronological History of the search for Kadesh 2000 BC - 2013 AD The search for Kadesh Click to View Introduction: 1. ... Historically, before 1881 AD the almost unanimous opinion was that Kadesh Barnea was located transjordan east of the Arabah valley. b. The current choice for Kadesh Barnea at Ein el Qudeirat, located south east of Beer Sheba is the universal choice found on virtually ... Petra was one of the Nabatean cities given autonomy about 106 A.D. with the establishment of the Roman Province of Arabia. It was a great city in the 3rd and 4th centuries. The Christians of Petra were persecuted by Diocletian. (The ... Footnote #: 6: Ailam (Ailath). Genesis 14:1; K.6:17; L. 234:75. In the Vulgate we find Ailath, Elath, and Aila for this same site. Palestine is the southern part of Syria. This word is missing in the Vatican Manuscript. Technically the ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea.htm
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27: Kadesh-Barnea by Henry Clay Trumbull, 1884 AD
... MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS. MAP OF BIBLE LANDS (FROM ELAM TO EGYPT) ... In front. VIEW OF CASTLE NAKHL. "EL-PAKAN" ... . Frontispiece. OUR SINAITIC SHAYKII : SIIAYKH MOOSA .... Facing page, 247 OUR DRAGOMAN : MUHAMMAD AHMAD HEDAYAH ..." " ... At first thought, Kadesh-barnea may seem a small subject for a large book ; and it may even be deemed a subject of minor interest in the realm of biblical and geographical research. But Kadesh-barnea was a site of importance forty centuries ago. It was more than once the scene of ... Another accomplished Oriental scholar 6 says of the root meaning of rcqam: " Comparing the Arabic ( f^) ; the Syriac (VOJQ 5); and the Hebrew (OPT) ; I should take the radical meaning to be strike, thrust, whence dot, excavate. So in ... from Kadesh, had immediately to ascend a mountain. 4 If Kadesh was at Ein El-Weibeh or in the vicinity, all this is a natural and exact representation ; since the ascent from the great valley begins immediately back of that fountain. ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-henry-clay-trumbull-1884ad.htm
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28: Khirbat en-Nahas Fortress: Part of Solomon's network of military ...
This is the largest copper mine in the entire Arabah valley. The true to colour image above shows the piles of black copper slag stacked all around the site. Introduction document: Solomon's network of military border fortresses Click to View Qudeirat Click to View Qedeis Click to View Quseima Click to View Nahas Click to View K. Ajrud Click to View Elat/... Please become familiar with maps of Moabite and Amorite and Edom territories. Edom was a nation at the time of Moses (1446 BC). After Israel vacated Kadesh Barnea at Petra in 1406 BC, Edom moved into Kadesh and ... The emergence of the Edomite kingdom was not contingent on the region having been dominated by the neo-Assyrian empire during the eighth and seventh BC. State formation more likely began several centuries ... numerous contemporary Iron Age sites in Israel/Palestine (Mazar 1990), including the known desert forts in the Araba/Arava region, such as Hatzeva (Cohen & Yisrael 1995) and Tell el-Kheleifeh (Glueck 1965) . ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-khirbat-en-nahas.htm
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29: The Exodus Route: A scriptural proof, with the witness of history ...
... Click to View 22 Stops between Mt. Sinai and Kadesh Barnea Ezion Geber, southern Arabah valley, Kadesh Barnea, Petra, El-beidha Wilderness of Zin, Ein el-Qudeirat, Ein Qedeis, Ein El Weibeh, Ein Hasb Jezirat Faraun Island, Timna, Click to View 15 Stops between Kadesh Barnea and the Jordan Mt. Hor, Edom and Mt. Seir, The Way of the Spies and Hormah See also: Click to View Top ten list of reasons why the ... NO CHARIOT WHEELS!!! Chariots were built 100% of wood and floated hundreds of kilometers from the Red Sea crossing site. KEY#4 The Ignored second Red Sea camp The body of water that is the RED SEA, must be large enough to facilitate first a crossing, then the second camp after crossing. Only ... Petra was one of the Nabatean cities given autonomy about 106 A.D. with the establishment of the Roman Province of Arabia. It was a great city in the 3rd and 4th centuries. The Christians of Petra were persecuted by Diocletian. (The Onomasticon, Eusebius, 325AD) Eusebius writes: "Rekem. It is ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route.htm
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30: The Iron Age Fortresses at En Haseva, Rudolph Cohen, 1995 AD
See also: The Fortresses at En Haseva Rudolph Cohen. The Biblical Archaeologist, Vol. 57, No. 4 (Dec., 1994), pp. 203-214 Aerial view of To Haseva. The gate complex of the massive 100 x 100 m Stratum V fortress ... The western wall of the Roman era fortress, Stratum 2, is prominent near the center of the photo, to the left of the modern building. Courtesy of the Israel Antiquities Authority. By Rudolph Cohen and Yigal Yisrael Astonishing assemblage of clay vessels and stone altars highlights the recent discoveries unearthed at the Arabah site of En Haseva.1 The ... The work at (En Haseva has now distinguished six occupation levels (from the latest to the earliest): (1) Late Byzantine and Early Islamic Periods (sixth-seventh centuries CE) (2) Late Roman Period ... from the finds exposed in the Edomite stratum at Tell el-Kheleifeh (Glueck 1967:37, 38, figs. 2:6a-6c, 5:2; Pratico 1985:25, fig. 15:9) and at Buseirah (Bennett 1974:Fig. 16:4) and Kadesh-Barnea (Cohen 1983b:xx). ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-iron-age-fortresses-negev-ein-haseva-rudolph-cohen-1995ad.htm
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31: Kuntillet Ajrud Fortress and Ostraca: One of Solomon's network ...
... A. Date of the fortress at Kuntillet Ajrud: 950 BC or 830-775 BC 1. Archeologist Cohen, who excavated Qudeirat dated Kuntillet Ajrud to the 10th century BC. a. Cohen dates the three successive structures from the time of Solomon. b. The date for Kuntillet Ajrud is the 10th century ... over the entire region through which one reached "Teman" (meaning "the far south"). (Kuntillet Ajrud, Ze'ev Meshel, Anchor Bible Dictionary, 1991 AD) c. "The enclosure of Kuntillet Ajrud, excavated by Z. Meshel, is an unusual site, whose nature and function are far from clear. ... According to Meshel, Kadesh-Barnea was a station along Darb el-Ghaza, the road to Eilat which passed in the vicinity of Kuntillet 'Ajrud. Cohen's conclusion that the excavations at Kadesh-Barnea attest to settlement continuity from the 10th to the 5-4th centuries B.C.E. forms the background to the above view. According to Cohen, it included three successive governmental fortresses built by the kings of Judah. If that is ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-kuntillet-ajrud.htm
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32: The Edomites: From Esau to Edom to Idumea to Extinction 2006BC ...
... Genesis 33:14-16 Therefore Esau was already living in "Edom" in 1929 BC when the two brother's reunited after Jacob returned from Laban. Click to View The Edomites are a Transjordan tribe whose territory was between Petra ... Hor are on the border of Edom. It is a myth that Edom lived in the Negev at the time when Israel lived at Kadesh Barnea. Since Edom was Transjordan at the time of the Exodus, Kadesh cannot be located at Ein Qudeirat, south of Beersheba and in the modern Sinai desert. Kadesh must also be located Transjordan, probably ... Moab, and especially Edom, should be considered mainly as 'tented kingdoms', likewise, in at any rate the 13th to perhaps the 9th centuries BC, as a result." (Early Edom And Moab, Egyptian evidence on Ancient Jordan; K. A. ... For example, as the westernmost limit of Edom is not indicated in the Bible except by its relation to Kadesh-barnea, that limit now passes from an unknown to a known quantity, by the fixing of a site which is described as ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-edomite-territory-mt-seir.htm
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33: The Onomasticon by Eusebius (325AD) and the Exodus route
... Eusebius represents the views of the time of queen Helena, who chose the site for Mt. Sinai at St. Catherine's Monastery in a vision. (Of course she was wrong about Mt. Sinai.) What is also striking is that although Petra would have certainly been marked on the Madaba map in a section defaced by the Muslims in 700 AD, Ein Qudeirat is missing from a section of the map that remains. In other word, If Kadesh was located at Qudeirat, it would have been in the section we can see today that the Muslims did not destroy. Qudeirat should be located close to the large red text, "lot of Simeon". Click to View Kadesh Barnea (or Cades Barnea): "Kadea Barne. The desert which extends to (the city of) Petra a city of Arabia. There Mariam went up ... Petra was one of the Nabatean cities given autonomy about 106 A.D. with the establishment of the Roman Province of Arabia. It was a great city in the 3rd and 4th centuries. The Christians of Petra were persecuted by Diocletian. Rekem. It is also Petra, ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-eusebius-onomasticon-323ad.htm
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34: Exodus Route: Men who misled the world away from truth
... His deception deflected the search for Kadesh away from its historic Transjordan location at Petra (specifically at El Beidha) to its current location on every Bible map since 1916 AD at Ein Qudeirat, 27 km inside the promised land. It took 15 years for the next person to get to Qedeis, but by that time the world had remapped Kadesh Barnea according to Trumbull's deception. 15 years later, in 1896 AD, Kades was next visited by Lagrange who said when he visited the site: "the deception [of Trumbull] was so strong, ... Agrippa created a map of the world just before the Birth of Christ in 2 BC. This map was widely circulated for centuries but none have survived. His cartographic work is referenced no less than 87 times by Pliny in AD 77 and four times ... The Madaba Map (AD 542) marks in sequence Pelusium, Ostracine, Rhinololura, Raphia and Gaze up the coast from the Nile. Pliny did not view the Sinai Peninsula as Arabia because the 100 km east of the Nile is the first Arabian controlled ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/exodus/bible-archaeology-Exodus-Route-deception-Apion-Queen-Helena-Henry-Trumbull-Ron-Wyatt-Bob-Cornuke-Lennart-Moller-Jim-Caldwell-Ryan-Mauro-Gordon-Franz-David-Rohl.htm
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35: 100 Free Printable Public Use Bible Maps
... Most places on the map are marked with their Bible name AND the archeological site name. ie: Gath (Bible name) = Tell es-Safi (Archeological name) c. Archeology is a critical tool in creating Bible maps and chronologies. d. Before they begin to excavate a ... See also: Exodus Route proven from the Bible Click to View Encyclopedia of Exodus Route Maps Old, Ancient, Antique, Vintage and Modern maps Synagogue Map Site Maps of Ancient synagogue location sites See also: Museum of Ancient Synagogues Click to View ... Click to View Division of territory for the 5 patriarchs 600AD Click to View 550 AD: The Madaba map Missing entirely from the Madaba Map is the Red Sea, Mt. Sinai and Petra/Kadesh Barnea. It would certainly be on the map, but was vandalized by the Muslims in 700 AD. Most notably, however, is that the modern choice for the location of Kadesh Barnea at Ein el-Qudeirat, should be in a section of the map that is fully intact. Qudeirat should be located close to the large red text, ... ...
https://www.bible.ca/maps/welcome.htm
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36: The Fortresses at En Haseva Rudolph Cohen 1994
See also: (The Iron Age Fortresses at En Haseva, Rudolph Cohen, 1995 AD) Large scale excavations at 'En tlaseva have provided one of the most important recent discover-ies in the Arabah. ... View of the end of the unexcavated part of the western gate, in section, show-ing its well-preserved pier. (Above.) The four-chambered gate to the fortress, Stratum 5, viewed from the north ... 1985; 1988/89a); and the fortress with projecting towers, like the middle and upper fortresses at Tel Kadesh-Barnea (Cohen 1981; 1983a) and the fot tiess at Horvat Uzza (Beit-Arieh 1986), which is rectangular. ... Thus far, the scant ceramic material recovered makes it difficult to assign a date. It was probably built in the eighth-seventh centuries BCE, during the reigns of King Uzziah and his successors. ... The finds from the Roman and Iron Age fortresses at 'En Haseva support Aharoni's proposal to identify the site, which was a major fortress on the south-eastern frontier of the Judaean Kingdom, ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortress-at-ein-haseva-rudolph-cohen-1994ad.htm
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37: The "Aharoni Fortress" Near Quseima and the "Israelite Fortresses ...
... Among the more prominent points visible from the summit are the tip of the Qadesh Barnea oasis and the little oasis of Quseima, as well as Tin ... Because of the relative altitude, the steepness of the slopes, and the broad view, any observer at the site experiences a "fortress feeling." The ... 1985; Eitam 1988; however, it is not marked in the maps and lists of Cohen 1979; 1986: 130, map D). To obtain more detailed information, particularly because the site was in danger of damage, we carried out exploratory excavations there in ... To our mind the finds themselves do not permit dating the site more precisely than somewhere between the end of the 11th and the 10th centuries B.C. ... If the summit was oval-shaped, so was the enclosure, as in the `Ein Qadis fortress and elsewhere. If the level ground of the summit was approximately ... Bruins, J. H. 1986 Desert Environment and Agriculture in the Central Negev and Kadesh Barnea During His-torical Periods. Nijkerk: Midbar Foundation. ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-aharoni-fortress-near-quseima-israelite-fortresses-in-negev-zeev-meshel-1994ad.htm
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38: Rehoboam, Shishak I (945-924 BC ) Canaan battle relief topographical ...
... we have been discussing." (The Fortresses King Solomon Built to Protect His Southern Border, Rudolph Cohen, 1985 AD) I. Rehoboam (931-914 BC), The Foolish King: 1. Very few kings were as stupid and foolish in dealing with his people as Rehoboam. ... Dt-ptr, Gati/Gath-Padalla north of Sharon, cf Amarna Tablet 250, now Jett, Jatt 35 Yaham, Thumoses III, Khirbet Yamma, Amenhotep II camped at this site. 36 Bt-rm, Beth Olam or Beth Aruma 37 Kqry (unknown city) 38 Socoh, Shuweiket er-Râs ... XI:3 bis-rbn, Laban, Tel Abu Seleimah XI:4 ngrn? "well of the threshing floor" Ain Goren. (not likely Ekron) Possibly "Ain", Ain, Qudeirat, misidentified as Kadesh Barnea since 1914 AD. However we know there was a fortress at Qudeirat that dates to the time of Solomon. ... IX. Negev border fortresses of Solomon Introduction document: Solomon's network of military border fortresses Click to View Qudeirat Click to View Qedeis Click to View Quseima Click to View Nahas Click to View K. Ajrud Click to View Elat/... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-sheshonq-I-shoshenq-shishak-shishaq-bubastite-karnak-conquest-campaign-canaan-battle-relief-topographical-list-187-cities-conquered-name-rings-926bc.htm
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39: Archaeology and the Religions of Canaan and Israel, Beth Alpert ...
... The inspiration of my beloved grandmother, Rea Cohen Racoosin, is always with me. Two especially wonderful people, my husband Farzad and our daughter Mandana Lily, ... The term did not appear again until the late fifteenth century booty list of the Egyptian pharaoh Amenophis II. In later centuries, it appeared several times in the ... his excavation at Tell Beit Mirsim in the 1930's was a landmark project and his site report noteworthy for its inclusion of an innovative ceramic study (1943). ... In this view, Canaanites had been engaged in primitive and pagan rites but, by the time of the prophets, Israelite religion had evolved into a morally and ethically ... Kuntillet ªAjrud was a mid-ninth to mid-eighth century B.C.E. caravanserai located about 50 km south of Kadesh Barnea. The site's location at the juncture of desert ... Egypt, 1, 4, 6¡7, 46, 48, 62, 64, 71, 84, 87, 90¡93, 96, 99, 101, 104¡5, 108, 114, 119, 121¡23, 126, 132, 135, 137¡40, 146, 149¡53, 155, 157¡58 Ein Gedi, 83 ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-archaeology-and-the-religions-of-Canaan-and-israel-beth-alpert-nakhai.htm
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40: Nuweiba Beach Red Sea crossing: Rejected, debunked, refuted
Correct Exodus Route: Exodus Route home page 1. Red Sea crossing at Straits of Tiran 2. Mt. Sinai in Saudi Arabi, Jebel Lawz 3. Kadesh Barnea at Petra Click to View Click to View Overview map (Click on photo for high resolution) Click to View Satellite map (Click on photo for high resolution) Buy "Exodus Route ... Catherine's monastery (Traditional, David Rohl, William Schlegel) REJECTED: Mt. Karkom (Emmanuel Anati) REJECTED: Mt. Khashm et-Tarif (Bryant Wood, William Schlegel alternate) REJECTED: Mt. Sin Bishar (Gordon Franz) Debunked Kadesh Barnea candidates: REJECTED: Ein el-Qudeirat (Woolley and Lawrence since 1916 AD) REJECTED: Central Judean Negev (Glen Fritz) II. ... The route from Goshen to the Red Sea did not head north or west towards the coastal route to Philistia, but south to the Red Sea: Ex 13:17-18. b. Any Red Sea crossing site that heads north from Goshen directly contradicts Ex 13:17-18 and must be rejected. These rejected sites include Menzaleh/Tanis Lake (Carl Drews) ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-ruling-out-candiates-excluding-red-sea-crossing-points-kadesh-barnea.htm
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41: Mt. Hor, Moserah: Aaron's Mountain (Jebel Haroun) at Petra
The little white dome on the top of the summit is the Tomb of Aaran of Mt. Hor at Petra. Click to View The oldest historical record we have regarding the location of Mt. Hor is by Josephus, who located it at Petra. Maps up until 1831 AD located Both Kadesh Barnea and Mt. Hor at or near Petra. However, between 1831 and 1916 AD, the location for Kadesh and Mt. Hor were moved from Petra to four places: In 1831, Karl Von Raumer chose Ein Hasb for Kadesh Barnea. In 1838 Edward Robinson chose Ein El Weibeh. just a few km south of Ein Hasb. Between 1881-1916 AD, Kadesh was located at Ein Qedeis. Between 1916 -2005 AD Kadesh was thought to be at Ein el-Qudeirat. Since 2005 AD, Kadesh has been stored back to the Petra area. ... For example, as the westernmost limit of Edom is not indicated in the Bible except by its relation to Kadesh-barnea, that limit now passes from an unknown to a known quantity, by the fixing of a site which is described as just beyond it. So, also, the traditional Mount ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-mt-hor-jebel-haroun.htm
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42: The Exodus Route: 15 Stops between Kadesh Barnea to Jordan
The Exodus Route: 15 Stops between Kadesh Barnea to Jordan Click to View Exodus Route index page Click to View Miracles of the Exodus and Red Sea Crossing Click to View The way of the spies and Hormah Click to View Overview map (Click on photo for high resolution) Click to View Satellite map (Click on photo for high resolution) Click to View Exodus locations: Click to View Kadesh Barnea Click to View Mt. Hor Click to View Mt. Seir The sequence of movement after Mt. Sinai (modern Saudi ... B. From Kadesh Barnea, Moses sent the 12 spies to the northern edge of the wilderness of Zin across the Arabah valley into the Negev. It is important to note that Israel never actually sets foot in the negev during the 40 years in the wilderness. This proves that Kadesh Barnea cannot be at Ein el-Qudeirat or Ein Qedeis, since both are in the Negev, not to mention within the formal boundaries of the promised land. "When Moses sent them to spy out the land of Canaan, he said to them, "Go up there into ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-kadesh-barnea-jordan.htm
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43: bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-johann-heinrich-kurtz-history ...
This association has since been utterly rejected. Ein el Qedeis was rejected in 1914, in favour of Ein el Qudeirat, located about 6 km NW of Ein el Qedeis. So in the end, the very association of the name in the mind of the Bedouin guide proved absolutely nothing. Keil and Delitzsch relied upon Kurtz's account which was full of errors. This means they have no good reasons why Kadesh Barnea cannot be transjordan even though the reasons sounded convincing at the time. This comedy of errors ... After going still farther south, they ascended a second mountain-range, from the summit of which a scene presented itself to the view of the most magnificent character. (From statements made by Williams elsewhere, the point at which they now stood was ... He started from Gaza ; and following the road to Khalasa, at the end of the first three hours' journey towards the S.S.E. he came upon the site of GEOGRAPHICAL STJEYEY. 227 the anc ient Gerar^ in the present Jurf (Torrent) el Jerâr (vol. i. § 63, ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-johann-heinrich-kurtz-history-of-the-old-covenant-1872ad.htm
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44: Tamar, Hazazon-tamar, Tamara/Thamara and Tamdar Syria
This is the south side toward the south." Ezekiel 47:19 -"And adjoining the territory of Gad to the south, the boundary shall run from Tamar to the waters of Meribah-kadesh, from there along the Brook of Egypt to the Great Sea." Ezekiel 48:28 The location of this Tamar must be south of the Dead Sea. Its exact location if unknown. Aharioni and Rudolph Cohen believes that Ein Haseva is the location of this Tamar. This identification is uncertain, given a review of the reasons why Aharioni and Cohen chose Ein Haseva the Tamar of Ezek 47. B. Tamdar Syria (Tamar): Click to View Built by Solomon in 1000 BC. It is located at modern Palmyra Syria, 160 km south west of the Euphrates River and 225 ... Today there is a garrison (Roman fort) of soldiers there." (Eusebius of Caesarea, Onomasticon, 325 AD) Tamar is was first identified as Ein Haseva by Aharioni: "The finds from the Roman and Iron Age fortresses at 'Ein Haseva support Aharoni's proposal to identify the site, which was a major ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-tamar-tamdar-in-the-wilderness-palmya-syria-thamara-tamara-en-haseva.htm
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45: The Exodus Route: Red Sea Camp at the Straits of Tiran
the Red Sea crossing was at the Straits of Tiran, Mt. Sinai was in Saudi Arabia and Kadesh Barnea was at modern Petra. Buy: Exodus Route Restored ISBN: 9798619062717 As featured in Tim Mahoney's Patterns of Evidence "The Red Sea Miracle" and "Journey to Mt. Sinai" Click to View Exodus Route home page Click to View Red sea crossing home page Click to View Miracles of the Exodus and Red Sea Crossing Click to View Travel times, distances, days of the week Click to View Excluding various exodus routes: Bitter lakes, Gulf of Suez, Mt. Musa, Ein el-Qudeirat. Click to View Overview map (Click on photo for high resolution) Click to View Satellite map (Click on photo ... This means that chariot wheels would immediately float to the surface and drift hundreds of kilometers before washing to shore or sinking to the bottom far away from the Red Sea crossing site. 4. 18th dynasty chariots were made of Tamarisk wood and floated quite well. Tamarisk is also called, salt-cedar, and tamarix. ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-straits-of-tiran.htm
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46: Mt. Karkom, Israel
... sites" (Raider of the Lost Mountain - An Israeli Archaeologist Looks at the Most Recent Attempt to Locate Mt. Sinai, Israel Finkelstein BAR 14:04, Jul/Aug 1988) "The 75-square-mile area around the site boasts 40,000 petraglyphs-the largest concentration of rock art in the Negev-and 892 individual archaeological sites. ... Karkom and the key spots we will discuss in more detail below. Click to View Here is a photo of Nahal paran where is intersects with Nahal Sira, looking towards the eastern slopes of Mt. Karkom. Click to View B. Har Karkom as Mt. Sinai: In the early 1980's, Emmanuel Anati proposed Har Karkom was Mt. Sinai. He has done a huge amount of work in documenting the archeology of the area. Ein el Qudeirat has been the universal choice for Kadesh Barnea since 1916 AD, before this they looked transjordan east of the Arabah valley in what is now modern Jordan. Ein el Qudeirat is not Kadesh Barnea, since it is located 27 km east of Wadi el-Arish, (the border between Israel & ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-mt-sinai-mt-har-karkom.htm
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47: The border Between Judah and Egypt: River of Egypt, Wadi el-Arish ...
The River of Egypt (Wadi el-Arish) The Biblical and historic Border Between Judah and Egypt Click to View The River: 1. Brook of Egypt 2. River of Egypt 3. Wadi el-Arish 4. Shihor Egyptian border seaport: 1. Arish 2. Tharu, Tjaru, Tharo, Ṯʾ-rw, (misidentified as Tel Habuwa) 3. Rhinocorura Introduction: The entire Sinai ... Although there is a single passage that says Judah's border extended down to the Red Sea (Elat/Ezion Geber), this did not happen until the time of Solomon about 950 BC. Almost every Bible map since 1916 AD has wrongly located Kadesh Barnea 27 KM inside the land of Judah at Ein El-Qudeirat. Kadesh Barnea is located Transjordan, at Petra, just like ... Rhinocorura literally means, "cut-off noses." Click to View Tel Habuwa [Tell el-Habua, Tell-Huba]: Tharu/Tjaru/Tharo has been misidentified as being located at Tel Habuwa. This site is located two miles east of the Suez Canal. While excavations at Tel Habuwa beginning in 1988 have uncovered evidence of the Hyksos, ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-southern-border-judah-territory-river-of-egypt-wadi-el-arish-tharu-rhinocolu.htm
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48: The Exodus Route: Red Sea Crossing
and Kadesh Barnea was at modern Petra. Buy: Exodus Route Restored ISBN: 9798619062717 As featured in Tim Mahoney's Patterns of Evidence "The Red Sea Miracle" and "Journey to Mt. Sinai" A movie cover with a person and a map Description automatically generated A person holding a camera Description automatically generated A book cover with a map Description automatically generated Click to View Exodus Route home page Click to View Miracles of the Exodus and Red Sea Crossing Click to View Travel times, distances, days of the week Click to View Excluded Exodus Routes: Nuweiba Beech, Bitter lakes, Gulf of Suez, Mt. Musa, Mt. Karkom, Ein el-Qudeirat. Click to View ... In other words, 3500 years ago it may have been a uniform depth for the entire 18 km of between 100-200 meters. A very easy crossing indeed. There is one other natural land bridge that provides the only other possible crossing site in the Gulf of Aqaba that is adjacent to Nuweiba. This is not likely the crossing point, ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-goshen-red-sea.htm
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49: They are digging up Bible stories! Start Page
... While some Catholic and Orthodox scholars may even state Mt. Musa is not Mt. Sinai, there is absolutely no chance that the Pope or the Ecumenical Patriarch will change their view. To do so would call into question their entire foundation based upon human oral tradition. C. The problem of sloppy/indifferent Bible students: ... "Palestine in the time of Christ" Fact: Palestine did not exist in the time of Christ. Hadrian renamed Judea, "Palestine" in 135 AD. Mt. Hor must be directly beside Kadesh Barnea. Often Bible maps will place Kadesh Barnea at Ein El Qudeirat but Mt. Hor beside Petra. This contradicts the Bible. Exodus route maps that correctly show the Red Sea ... We hope you look closely at the things we have said above and study these matters out for yourself. We invite your input, suggestions, criticisms, corrections etc. The materials on this site are free, but do not place them on your own website, use links. You can use them in sermons, church bulletins and handouts. You can ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-start-here.htm
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50: 'Edomite', `Negbite' And 'Midianite' Pottery From The Negev Desert ...
Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis Results J. Gunneweg 1991 AD (Edomite, Negev, Midianite Pottery: Neutron Activation Analysis, Gunneweg, 1991 AD) Click to View Archaeometry 33, 2 (1991), 239-253. Printed in Great Britain Department of ... Analytical work performed on the ceramics found at the shrine of Horvat Qitmit was described at some length in a previous publication (Gunneweg and Mommsen 1990). The Iron Age II fortress of Qadesh Barnea (nowadays called Tell 'Ein el-Qudeirat) is located in Wadi el 'Ein, a well ('Ein) which has fed the largest oasis of the southern Negev as well as northern Sinai from early times until the present (Dothan 1965, 134; Woolley and Lawrence 1914. 69-71; Cohen 1983, 93-4). The Qadesh Barnea ... pottery wasters from Israel's Negev (Beer Sheba) and Petra in Jordan (Gunneweg et al. forthcoming) so that a match of pottery with these wasters would be site-specific. An extra kiln waster from Elusa in the western Negev (N 127) was analysed as well. ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-pottery-edomite-negev-midianite-neutron-activation-analysis-j-gunneweg-1991ad.htm
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