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2 Esdras 14: 90 AD. Creation date: 5440 BC Introduction: 1. 2 Esdras 14 follows the longer chronological numbers in the Septuagint and not the Masoretic Text. 2. Dating 2 Esdras 14: 90 AD a. "The date and purpose of our book are closely related, as in other books of the Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha. 2 Esdras 3-14 almost certainly comes from the last decade of the first century a.d. or soon thereafter, as may be deduced from the eagle vision (chs. 11-12) and the date mentioned in 3:1. Though ... Ezra says his translation work happened 5007 years after creation b. Ezra worked 536-457 BC c. 458 BC is the date when Ezra converts Tanakh from Paleo to Aramaic Hebrew but his work BEGAN earlier at 536 BC d. 536BC + 5007AC = creation at 5543 BC e. 457BC + 5007AC = creation ... Steve Rudd, November 2017 AD: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections By Steve Rudd: November 2017: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go to: Main Bible Manuscripts Page Go to: Main Ancient Synagogue Start Page Go To Start: ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/2Esdras14-Chronology-Genesis5-Textual-variants-Bible-manuscripts-Old-Testament-Torah-Tanakh-creation-5564BC-age-earth-90AD.htm

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Ancient Synagogue Literary Sources: Agatharchides of Cnidus Master introduction: Summary overview is the place to start to tie it all together. Providence: God's eternal plan: The providential transition from Temple to Synagogue to Church Origin: Synagogues originated at Alexandria Egypt in 280 BC spawned by the Septuagint Jesus the Messiah of the Tanakh: 1. First Century Jewish Messianic Expectation: As witnessed in the Dead Sea scrolls. 2. Looking for the wrong thing: Mistaken Jewish ideas of the Messiah in 30 AD. 3. Jesus ... Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD)= Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date Allusions: Synagogue worship allusions and imagery in the New Testament Master builder Stonemason Jesus: "Upon this Rock I will build My church" Everyday life: Archeology of Everyday Life and Homes at the time of Jesus Master List: Master list of First Temple Period, Pre-70 AD Synagogues Attend a church you can read about in the Bible: Click here to find a church near you. By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the author for comments, input or ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ancient-Synagogue-Archeological-Literary-Sources-Bible-Jesus-Israel-Judea-diaspora-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Agatharchides-of-Cnidus-169bc.htm

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Ein El-Qudeirat is not Kadesh Barnea: : Wrongly identified as ... "Has the site been correctly identified? If so, why have we found no remains from the Exodus period? ... Thus far our excavations have yielded nothing earlier than the tenth century B.C. - the time of King Solomon." (Rudolph Cohen) See also: Chronological History of "The ... God said in Ex 13:17-18 that He would lead them out of Egypt away from the very area that Qudeirat is located near. Why go to all the trouble of avoiding an area of the Philistines for 2 years at Mt. Sinai, only to have them camp on the Philistines doorstep for 38 years? Although discovered years earlier, Ein El-Qudeirat was first identified as Kadesh Barnea in 1916 AD. It has been the world's unfortunate choice for Kadesh ever since even to ... Perhaps it ought to be mentioned, that the "date-palms " which Scetzen spoke of as watered by this fountain, were not seen by us. Yet they may have been elsewhere; or indeed, they may have existed in his day, although not now remaining. There was a peculiar satisfaction in ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-ein-el-qudeirat.htm

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Soleb Temple Cartouche: "The Shashu of Yahweh's Land" 1396-1358 ... The cartouche is on the wall of the Soleb Temple of Amenhotep III in Nubia. Here is a reference to the promised land of Canaan possessed by the "people of Yahweh" when Joshua was still alive after completing the conquest! Amarah West inscription: 1304-1237 BC "The Shashu of Yahweh's Land" "This fragmentary hieroglyphic inscription contains one of the first mentions of Israel. "According to a recently published article by Manfred Görg, Peter van der Veen and Christoffer Theis, the name-ring on the right may indeed read "Israel," and they date it almost 200 years earlier than the reference to Israel on the Merneptah Stele." (Clyde Billington, Associates for ... Discussion: 1. "To move outside of the Levant, we find Egyptian name lists which include a Syrian site, Ya-h-wa (No. 97), which is identical to Yahweh. A Rameses II (1304-1237 b.c.) list is found in a Nubian temple in ʿAmarah West with six names (No36s. 93-98) following the designation "Bedouin area." Nos. 96-98 have been found at ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-yahweh-inscription-cartouche-land-of-the-shasu-of-yahweh-soleb-temple-amenhotep-III-1396-1358bc-amarah-west-temple-ramesses-II-1304-1237bc.htm

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Ancient Synagogue Top Plans: Qumran 100 BC ... However, room 4 is very small, thus precluding its use by the entire sect on a daily basis. Room 30 is immediately under the scriptorium and was probably used in connection with the preparation of scrolls." (The Ancient Synagogue, Lee Levine, footnote 85, p65, 1999 AD) 6. Messianic Expectation in the First century as witnessed in the Dead Sea Scrolls: a. Ancient papyrus documents found at Qum'ran quote Deut 18:18 in expectation of the ... Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD)= Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date Allusions: Synagogue worship allusions and imagery in the New Testament Master builder Stonemason Jesus: "Upon this Rock I will build My church" Everyday life: Archeology of Everyday Life and Homes at the time of Jesus Master List: Master list of First Temple Period, Pre-70 AD Synagogues Attend a church you can read about in the Bible: Click here to find a church near you. By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections Go to: Master ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Qumran-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-essenes-John-Hyrcanus-Dead-Sea-Scrolls-134bc.htm

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Synagogue Basilica and Byzantine Church Octagonal Architecture Diaspora Christians would soon be expelled from synagogues and until the Byzantine age, worshipped without formal dedicated church buildings. b. While the synagogue was used for civic meetings, hostel etc, these functions were absent from the church for 300 years. 3. When the ... The first octagon design church was in 327 AD. b. No octagonal synagogues are known to ever have been build. c. The Islamic "Dome of the Rock" built by the Muslims in the 7th century, was octagonal because the Muslims dug up the foundation of the Byzantine octagonal church and wrongly assumed it was the Holy of Holies of the Jewish Temple. d. Here is the octagonal Byzantine church in Jerusalem below Rachel Ramat, directly beside the highway: 5. ... Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD)= Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date Allusions: Synagogue worship allusions and imagery in the New Testament Master builder Stonemason Jesus: "Upon this Rock I will build My church" Everyday life: Archeology of Everyday Life ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Byzantine-Churches-Octagonal-Basilica-Architectural-ancient-Synagogue-pre-70AD-standardized-typology-design-incorporated-copied-adopted-similarities.htm

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Archeology of the Oppression, Exodus and Conquest of Israel: ... ... It is common in antiquity for a city to be destroyed and a new one is build nearby that borrows the same name. Here is a photo by the author when he excavated the Ai of Joshua (Maqatir) in 2012 AD. f. KHIRBET EL-MAQATIR: AI OF JOSHUA (1446 BC): Notice the Late ... In first century homes, the work, cooking and animal were on the main floor and sleeping quarters were on the second floor. See: Jesus birth. Fenestrated walls were very common in the first century. Other excellent examples can be seen at Capernaum and Chorazin. h. ... This stone, which I have set up as a pillar, will be God's house, and of all that You give me I will surely give a tenth to You."" (Genesis 28:18-22) 3. Sinai 115: "Hebrews from Bethel" Click on image for high resolution a. DATE OF SINAI 115: 1842 BC b. TRANSLATION OF SINAI 115: "Six Levantines: Hebrews of Bethel, the Beloved." (Translation by Douglas Petrovich from "The world's Oldest Alphabet", 2016 AD) c. EXPLANATION OF SINAI 115: This inscription names the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeological-evidence-of-the-Exodus-Egyptian-Oppression-Hebrew-Conquest-Israel-Sinai-inscriptions-Jacob-in-Egypt-Joseph-Moses-inscription.htm

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The Great Basilica Synagogue of Alexandria Destroyed by Hadrian ... ... The THREE OLDEST synagogue inscriptions ever found are all dedicated to and thank Ptolemy III. The earliest synagogue inscriptions give high praise to Ptolelmy III for granting the Jews "sanctuary" rights and allowed them to build synagogues. Cairo 246 BC Crocodilopolis 240 BC Schedia 240 BC B. Four ancient sources of documentation for the second temple (40 AD) basilica-synagogue of Alexandria: 1. Text of Philo, Embassy/Legat. ... Sukk. 5:1, I.5.A-H, describing the second temple synagogue in Alexandria, 400 AD) D. Description of the Great Synagogue in Alexandria: 1. 40 AD: Second Temple "Basilica-style" Synagogue in Alexandria (destroyed by Titus in 117 AD): a. The basilica style synagogue dates to the early first century AD (before 40AD) and this is a departure from the triclinium style synagogues that date back to the very beginning in 280 BC. Even though we have no excavated site top plans for any synagogue in Egypt, we do have many in both and outside Judea that are all ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Alexandria-Great-Basilica-Colonnaded-Egypt-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-top-plan-double-columns-71-gold-chairs-Philo-Talmud-280bc

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Ancient synagogues of the Bible: Ephesus Synagogue: 43 BC ... Agrippa 's order to Ephesus, in the same collection of decrees, states that men who steal the sacred money of the Jews and take refuge in places of asylum may be dragged out and turned over to the Jews, thus being treated in the same way as were temple robbers." (Common Judaism and the Synagogue in the First Century, E. P Sanders, p6) 5. We can be 100% certain there was a second temple synagogue at Ephesus in ... Political Town Hall assemblies in Synagogues 33. Christians replaced Jews: Replacement theology is pure Christianity Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD)= Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date Allusions: Synagogue worship allusions and imagery in the New Testament Master builder Stonemason Jesus: "Upon this Rock I will build My church" Everyday life: Archeology of Everyday Life and Homes at the time of Jesus Master List: Master list of First Temple Period, Pre-70 AD Synagogues Attend a church you can read about in the Bible: Click here to find a church near you. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ephesus-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-apostle-Paul-43bc.htm

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Table of the Scrolls: Prototype of the Church Communion Table of the scrolls found to date was at Magdala, pictured above. 3. Other Table of the scrolls have been discovered in synagogues like Sardis which dates back to 49 BC: 4. From a distance the Tabernacle, the temple, Synagogues and churches all have all have a special holy table: a. ... Master introduction: Summary overview is the place to start to tie it all together. Providence: God's eternal plan: The providential transition from Temple to Synagogue to Church Origin: Synagogues originated at Alexandria Egypt in 280 BC spawned by the Septuagint Jesus the Messiah of the Tanakh: 1. First Century Jewish Messianic Expectation: As witnessed in the Dead Sea scrolls. 2. Looking for the wrong thing: Mistaken Jewish ... Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD)= Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date Allusions: Synagogue worship allusions and imagery in the New Testament Master builder Stonemason Jesus: "Upon this Rock I will build My church" Everyday life: Archeology of Everyday Life and Homes ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Table-of-the-Scrolls-Tanakh-Prototype-Communion-altar-Architectural-ancient-Synagogue-pre-70AD-standardized-typology-design-incorporated-copied-similarities-church.htm

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Samaritan Chronicle: The Book of Joshua: 1362 AD. Creation 4263 ... Keep in mind that the oldest manuscript for the Jewish Masoretic text is 1008 AD. b. The oldest manuscript of the Samaritan Pentateuch (SP) is 1065 AD. c. So this Samaritan Chronicle could date back thousands of years earlier. 2. The Samaritans reject all other Jewish books except for the first five books of Moses. a. The Samaritan Chronicle, book of Joshua is their own version of history. b. The ... For many years, this manuscript (itself a composite, with part dating from 1362 and part from 1513) was the only copy of the sj available in Europe.1 In the middle of the nineteenth century, several other manuscripts were obtained; one became resident in the British National Library, and one in the ... Seder Olam Rabbah Steve Rudd, November 2017 AD: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections By Steve Rudd: November 2017: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go to: Main Bible Manuscripts Page Go to: Main Ancient Synagogue Start Page Go To Start: ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Samaritan-Chronicle-book-of-Joshua-Chronology-Genesis5-Textual-variants-Bible-manuscripts-Old-Testament-Torah-Tanakh-creation-4263BC-age-earth-1362AD.htm

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The wailing wall was built by "Hadrian" not "Herod" that the current size of the temple mount area is twice as large as what Josephus recorded in 70 AD is one piece of evidence that Hadrian, not Herod built the wailing wall. Only a small central section of the outer wall is considered to be built before Herod. When you compare the temple mount walls with other projects we know for certain he did build, we find some major differences. First, most of Herod's projects used stones much smaller than the temple wall and most did not have the pillow cut border around each stone. ... Ostia Temple Area Hadrian no smaller clay bricks 15 dunams Hercules Temple Area in Tivoli, Italy coin Hadrian 7 dunams Temple of Zeus in Athens Hadrian no smaller Hadrian set up a gold and ivory inlaid statue of the Zeus inside the temple. Next to it he placed a huge statue of himself. Both these statues have since been lost. Pantheon, Rome Rebuilt from scratch by Hadrian after fire. Hadrian's Arch, Athens Hadrian No On one side, an inscription reads "This is Athens, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-jerusalem-temple-mount-threshing-floor-walls-stones.htm

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Have Crucified Jesus today by your actions? Have You Crucified Jesus? Next Sunday, is the traditional date of the Resurrection of Christ. "Now after He had risen early on the first day of the week, He first appeared to Mary Magdalene." (Mark 16:9) Three days before, he was killed by one of ... The Romans were no doubt amused that Christians worshiped this Jesus whom they had crucified on a cross. In June of 1968, bulldozers working north of Jerusalem accidentally laid bare tombs dating from the first century B.C. and the first century A.D. ... Further, the name "Jesus" occurred three times, twice in association with a cross. . . . It would be unlikely that Christian Jews would have been buried in that area after 135 A.D. since the Romans forbade Jews to enter Aelia Capitolina . . . after ... The Crucifixion Of Christ 2000 years ago, the sinless blood of Jesus Christ dripped to the ground as He hung on the cross. Some 1000 years even earlier, the prophets of Jehovah God foretold of this gruesome event in Psalm 22:1-18 (fulfilled in ... ... https://www.bible.ca/D-crucifyJesus.htm

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Ancient Synagogue Literary Sources: Tosefta 250 AD ... A supplementary work to the Jewish Mishnah, completed fifty years later in the third (possibly fourth) century ad. The Tosefta follows the same structure as the Mishnah and is often attributed to Rabbi Hiyya and to Rabbi Hoshayah, his student. The ... For many more details on the Great Basilica Synagogue of Alexandria 380 BC - 177 AD 1. Its size and architectural wealth are evidence of a long and important history and pre-eminence as the first synagogue every founded. a. Philo said this basilica ... We use the Judges 11:26 passage to date the conquest because Jephthah lived in 1100 BC + 300 years =1400 BC. c. Likewise we can date the origin of synagogues with Philo's "300 years" statement. d. Philo said in 38 AD, not a single ruler in a ... The THREE OLDEST synagogue inscriptions ever found are all dedicated to and thank Ptolemy III. The earliest synagogue inscriptions give high praise to Ptolelmy III for granting the Jews "sanctuary" rights and allowed them to build synagogues. Cairo ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ancient-Synagogue-Archeological-Literary-Sources-Bible-Jesus-Israel-Judea-diaspora-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Tosephta-Tosepta-Tosefta-Sukkah-250ad.htm

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The Septuagint, LXX: 10 Archeological proofs the Septuagint Tanakh ... We have highlighted 10 archeological proofs that the Greek Tanakh was 100% complete and that the Septuagint was the standard "pulpit bible" in every Synagogue: footnote to the Greek Esther dates the book to 176 BC, Eupolemos quotes Greek/LXX ... This is important because it proves the Greek copies of Isaiah we have today, really were translated by Jews not Christians, centuries before the birth of Christ. 3. Jewish Rabbi apologists fabricate a false Jewish history that first century Jewish ... AD) e. "He said that he had heard from Theopompus that he had been driven out of his mind for more than thirty days because he intended to insert in his history some of the incidents from the earlier and somewhat unreliable translations of the law. ... The apparent reference to the letter by the author of 2 Maccabees suggests a date prior to 150 bce (2 Macc 2:1-3). A very fragmentary copy of vv. 43-44, dating to about 100 bce, was discovered in Cave 7 at Qumran (7Q2). ( The New Interpreter's ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-Greek-Bible-entire-Tanakh-39-books-translated-complete-by-150BC.htm

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Early Christians always met on the First day (Sunday) and never ... The earliest Christians never considered Sunday to be a rest day or the Sabbath. You will observe that the first mention of Sunday being a day of rest was in 220AD by Origen. This is the beginning of the current false doctrine, that Sunday is the Christian Sabbath, as taught by most churches today. While Sabbatarians will quote 20th century authors who guess about what happened 1900 years earlier, we quote Christians whose writings are 1900 years old and spoke what they saw! The record of history, from the ... While Sabbatarians will quote 20th century authors who guess about what happened 1900 years earlier, we quote Christians whose writings are 1900 years old! (Date of the writing given first) 90AD DIDACHE: "Christian Assembly on the Lord's Day: ... upon the place, but those living far distant do the same; and in their public shows all come together, as into a synagogue: in the same manner those which are vainly called Jews, when they have worked six days, on the seventh day rest, and ... ... https://www.bible.ca/H-sunday.htm

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Recensional history of the Six Bible Manuscripts of the Old Testament Introduction: 1. There have been six different Manuscripts of the Old Testament: Six Manuscripts of the Old Testament Name Date Authors Place Content Language Mosaic (ST) 1446 BC Moses Sinai Book of the Law, Torah Hieroglyphic Hebrew Naiothic (SN) ... Transmission-history of the Septuagint: Translation begins in Egypt around 280 BC (Old Greek) Proto-Lucian recension of the "Old Greek" in the second or first century b.c. to conform to a Palestinian Hebrew text. (this Hebrew text is not the Masoretic ... The entire Hexapla is not extant; it presumably was destroyed when the Saracens invaded Caesarea in 638. Fortunately a few years earlier the fifth column had been translated into Syriac by Paul of Tella. This so-called "Syro-Hexaplar" carefully ... Steve Rudd, November 2017 AD: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections By Steve Rudd: November 2017: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go to: Main Bible Manuscripts Page Go to: Main Ancient Synagogue ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Bible-Manuscript-Recessional-Transmission-history-Old-Testament-Mosaic-Naiothic-Samaritan-Pentateuch-Quattuordecim-Septuagint-Masoretic.htm

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The Exodus Route: Elim (Nabatean Leuke Kome, Onne, Aynuna) We can now be certain that Leuke Kome was the western border town of the Nabatean kingdom in the first century and that Wilderness of Shur, Midian and Al Bad are in first century Arabia. 4. Bible texts: a. "Then they came to Elim where there were twelve springs of water and seventy date palms, and they camped there beside the waters." Exodus 15:27 b. "Then they set out from Elim, and all the congregation of ... the Hebrews were motivated to collect the debris from the Egyptian army after they drowned in the sea the week before. He is also forced to define Elim like a large wilderness area as opposed to a single location in spite of the fact the Bible said it had 7 springs and 70 date palms. ... At Yam Suph, the Hebrews happened upon the wreckage of the Egyptian army strewn along the coast, which had drifted 64 km (40 mi.) south from the site of the sea crossing debacle a week earlier. This providential circumstance allowed them to salvage weapons and other useful objects transported ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-elim.htm

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Khirbat en-Nahas Fortress: Part of Solomon's network of military ... Click to View When Thomas Levy and his team first published his excavations from Khirbat en-Nahas , it caused a stir among archeologists around the world. Here was proof that Edom functioned as a ... the range of artefacts recently found at the site, such as architecture, ceramics, scarabs, and arrowheads indicate that Iron Age secondary state formation in Edom was much earlier than previously assumed. The key to understanding the rise of the Biblical kingdom of Edom may lie in the copper ore-rich lowlands, rather than the highland plateau where most excavations have been conducted to date. ... These scholars and archeologists who were surprised by Thomas Levy's conclusions, reminded us of the Bible scoffers of the 19th century, who viewed the Bible as myth rather than real world history . ... time of the Exodus, 1446 BC, what would eventually become Khirbat en-Nahas, was 38 KM north of Kadesh Barnea at the Petra area. Kadesh Barnea was located at the east/west border between Moab and Edom. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-khirbat-en-nahas.htm

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Sabbath and Sunday in Early Christianity: Dr. David W. T. Brattston ... Sunday is the day on which we all hold our common assembly, because it is the first day on which God, having wrought a change in the darkness and matter, made the world; and Jesus Christ our Saviour on ... century, this Letter purports to be the revelation of Christ to the apostles. Although we may doubt that this Letter is inspired or scripture or even apostolic, it does witness to an early date for Christians observing Sunday and describing it as "the Lord's Day". From the eastern Mediterranean, sometime between AD 180 and 200, The Acts of Peter begins: "On the first day of the week, that is, on the Lord's day, a multitude gathered together, and they brought unto Peter many sick that he might heal them." (Coptic Fragment). Tertullian probably wrote On Idolatry in his earlier, ... worship until the fourth century, sabbatarians cite the 13th, 16th, and 18th chapters of the Lukan Acts, which narrate that the Apostle Paul and his companions attended synagogue and preached on Sabbaths. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/H-sunday-sabbath-and-sunday-in-early-christianity-before-400AD-DavidW.T.Brattston.htm

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Stoneware: First Century Ritual Purity Stone Vessels ... just days earlier. C. Types of stone vessels used for ritual purity: 1. Ritual purity items in general 2. Dinnerware: plates, dishes 3. Two handle cups (Khirbet el-Maqatir) 4. Core cups (Rare: City of David) 5. A wide variety of forms roughly similar to standard pottery in current use. 6. Large storage jars (Cana) 7. Water basins (Khirbet el-Maqatir) 8. Ossuaries (bone boxes for the dead) I. How Stoneware Vessels are made 1. First century Stone vessel manufacturing Quarries near Jerusalem: a. ... After this He went down to Capernaum, He and His mother and His brothers and His disciples; and they stayed there a few days." (John 2:1-12) 2. See also the synagogue at Cana 3. The same word for water pot in John 2 is also used in John 4:28: "So ... The name and the chest's elaborate decorations suggest that this was indeed the ossuary of the Caiaphas from the New Testament. 3. Made of soft chalk limestone with an Aramaic inscription. 4. Located in the Israel Museum in Jerusalem VI. The stone ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/pottery/Bible-pottery-Stoneware-vessels-Ritual-Purity-First-Century-Jesus-communion-cups-Lords-last-supper-footwashing-basin-six-pots-ossuary-quarry-cores-archeology.htm

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796 BC: Omri Stele inscription of Adad-Nirari III (810-783) found ... Jehoash (Joash) king of Israel/Samaria [Omri-land] b. Ben-Hadad-III (Mari) king of Damascus 4. Inscription on Stone Slab found at Calah (Nimrod): 796 BC a. Calah is one of four ancient cities founded by Nimrod (Nimrud) b. "From that land he went forth into ... data and Assyrian sources also suggest that the political development of Edom occurred no earlier than the eighth century B.C. The earliest reference to Edom in Assyrian inscriptions appears on the Nimrud Slab, a list of states subjugated by Adad-nirari III ca. 796 B.C. The next mention is a tribute list of Tiglath-pileser III that refers to events ca. 732 B.C. The list names the first known Edomite king, "Kaushmalaku of Edom [U-du-mu-a-a]". From that time on, references to ... This ruler is mentioned twice in Assyrian inscriptions from the reigns of Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal, which date to ca. 670 B.C. While this seventh century B.C. impression only provides us with a terminus post quem for the site and its pottery, since Umm ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-inscriptions-archeology-Adad-Nirari-III-Omri-land-stele-Amurru-Tyre-Sidon-Jehoash-Joash-Israel-Samaria-Edom-Palestine-Mari-Ben-Hadad-III-Damascus-Calah-Nimrod-796bc.htm

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Methuselah's begetting Age of Lamech was 187 not 167 years As such, the argument that the LXX's primeval chronology should be dismissed from serious consideration because of the 167 begetting age variant for Methuselah should be abandoned by biblical scholars and young-earth creationists, post haste. While examining the date of Methuselah's death in the LXX, we have necessarily ... 5, while the LXX, SP, and Josephus provide a triple textual witness to the same Hebrew text's higher begetting ages in Genesis 11. This evidence of the longer chronology from the first century AD and earlier affirms the claim that the begetting ages in the second century AD Hebrew manuscripts were deflated by at least 1250 years by the rabbis. ... Canon of the Bible Chronology Charts Seder Olam Rabbah Steve Rudd, November 2017 AD: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections By Steve Rudd: November 2017: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go to: Main Bible Manuscripts Page Go to: Main Ancient Synagogue Start Page Go To Start: ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Book-of-Genesis5-25-Methuselah-begetting-Age-Lamech-187-167-years-Bible-Manuscript-Textual-Variants-Old-Testament-Septuagint-LXX-Masoretic-MT-scribal-gloss-error.htm

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30-150AD: Church organization the same as in the Bible Blueprint ... ... It was from the synagogue that the name presbyter, or elder, was borrowed. The episcopal title, on the other hand, the name overseer, or bishop, was of Gentile origin, having been used among the Greeks to indicate an office involving a species of oversight. Originally both names related entirely to the same office. The New Testament recognizes no distinction between them. The words presbyter and bishop are used interchangeably." (Henry C. Sheldon, History of the Christian Church, Vol 1, p 123) "Clement of Rome, whose writings cannot well be placed earlier than the closing years of the first century, indicates no consciousness of any distinction between bishops and ... It is at least certain that Rome at that early date had no monarchical bishop, and therefore the question as to the order of these first three so-called bishops is not a question as to a fact, but simply as to which is the oldest of various unfounded traditions. The Roman Church gives the following order: Linus, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ntx-organization-historical-development-papal-patriarchal-systems-33-150AD.htm

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The Septuagint, LXX, origin, textual transmission 282 BC ... 282 BC: Birth of the Septuagint (LXX): Historical accounts of the Greek Torah translation process in 282 BC 280 BC: Birth of Synagogues: Synagogues originated at Alexandria Egypt in 280 BC spawned by the Septuagint 250 BC: Samaritans build synagogue at Delos whose patrons sent gold to support Mt. Gerizim temple. 170 BC: Book of Jubilees is written. 150 BC: Septuagint Completed (Gen - Malachi): All Old Testament books 9Tanakh) fully translation into Greek by 150 BC 150 BC: All synagogue worship services in Greek: The Septuagint was the "KJV" of first century synagogues and churches 111 BC: John Hycranus 1st destroys Samaritan temple on Mt. ... The Jews speak Aramaic 4. Masoretic Hebrew (vowelled) invented at Tiberias 600-1000 AD 5. See: : Origin of the 4 Hebrew scripts used by Jews and in the bible History of the Six manuscripts of the Old Testament: Details: 6 Old Testament Manuscripts Six Manuscripts of the Old Testament Name Date Authors Place Content Language Mosaic (ST) 1446 BC ... ... https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/septuagint.htm

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Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph ... ... According to Macalister's classification then in use, this pottery belonged to the Second and Third Semitic periods (broadly 1800-900 B.c.E.)—but other fine-painted sherds seemed to narrow the time span to the latter second or early first millennium B.C.E. The handmade pottery was ... had been erected on ground only slightly higher than the surrounding area, which cast some doubt on the "talus" described by Woolley and Lawrence (Dothan 1965: 137). 96 BIBLICAL ARCHEOLOGIST/ SPRING 1981 The wheel-made pottery finds were mainly from the 8th-7th centuries B.c.E., though some seemed a century earlier. This 9th-century B.C.E. dating suggested to Dothan that the building of the fortress might be ascribed to the Judean king Jehoshaphat (ca. 870-846 B.c.E.), who, according to the biblical account, attempted to enter the Red Sea trade (1 Kgs 22:49) and appointed a governor in Edom (1 Kgs 22:48). If this date is too early, the likeliest ascription then would be to the later Judean king Uzziah ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-excavations-at-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-ba-1976-1982ad.htm

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Negev Pottery: "Negev ware" "Negevite ware" Crude, hand made ... A. The Handmade Pottery of the Negev Negev ware was first discovered by Woolley and Lawrence in their two year excavation of Qudeirat. They also found it at Bir Birein. Nelson Glueck also discovered Negev ware pottery in his excavations at Tell ... However. B. Rothenberg's research in the Timna-Eilat area has shown that its origins may be several centuries earlier (1972: 153-54), and now, since the excavations at Kadesh-barnea, it is clear that it remained in use until the end of the Iron Age. Within this rather long time span, Negev ware appears to have undergone some changes. In the earlier levels (10th century B.C.E.) at Kadesh-barnea and elsewhere, virtually the only forms are cooking-pots and hole-mouth jars. By the time of the middle fortress ... First he rejects the Bible's date for the Exodus of 1446 BC and believes it took place in 1270 BC. Second he then uses Negev Pottery as proof the fortresses predated Israel, since Negev ware pottery is found in most of the forts. The dilemma is ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-negev-ware-negevite-ware-hand-made-pottery.htm

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Jehovah's Witnesses abuse the divine name YHWH of my God ... So as we will see, the JW charge that the Bibles that Christian commonly use, removes the divine name from the Old Testament is false. We accept that Hebrew was the language of the Jewish Synagogue in the first century. This fact, however only strengthens the fact that God did not want Christians to continue using YHWH since none of the 27 New ... JWs are deliberately confused by the watchtower organization into thinking we have Hebrew originals of the New Testament where YHWH (or some form of the Tetragrammaton) is used. What they don't tell you is that these medieval translations date later than 1000 AD and were actually translated from Greek originals. The average ... Since Jehovah's Witnesses appeal to Isa 43:12; 44:8 for scriptural support that they should be called, "Jehovah's Witnesses" then what was the "new name" prophesied in Isa 62:2? Can't be "Jehovah's Witnesses", for God already used it 20 chapters earlier. Could the new name be "Christian" after our savior "Christ"? Why would ... ... https://www.bible.ca/jw-YHWH.htm

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Ancient Synagogue Apamea, Laodicea, Pergamus, Adramyttium Marcus ... ... Origin: Synagogues originated at Alexandria Egypt in 280 BC spawned by the Septuagint Jesus the Messiah of the Tanakh: 1. First Century Jewish Messianic Expectation: As witnessed in the Dead Sea scrolls. 2. Looking for the wrong thing: Mistaken Jewish ideas of ... First fruits Collections for poor in Synagogues 27. Education: Schools and Literacy of Jews In Synagogues 28. Role of Women in Synagogues: Never leaders, preachers but never segregated 29. Sanctuary Status: Refugees seeking Asylum in Synagogues 30. Appendages: Hostels, Housing and Food Banks in Synagogues 31. Civil Court: Judgements, beatings and scourging in Synagogues 32. Civic Meetings: Political Town Hall assemblies in Synagogues 33. Christians replaced Jews: Replacement theology is pure Christianity Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD)= Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date Allusions: Synagogue worship allusions and imagery in the New Testament Master builder Stonemason Jesus: "Upon this Rock I will build My ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Cicero-Apamea-Laodicea-Adramyttium-Pergamom-synagogue-literary-origin-ancient-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-stealing-gold-Flaccus-Praetor-59bc.htm

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Ancient Synagogue Literary Sources: Book of Susanna: 100 BC Court ... Origin: Synagogues originated at Alexandria Egypt in 280 BC spawned by the Septuagint Jesus the Messiah of the Tanakh: 1. First Century Jewish Messianic Expectation: As witnessed in the Dead Sea scrolls. 2. Looking for the wrong thing: Mistaken Jewish ideas of ... First fruits Collections for poor in Synagogues 27. Education: Schools and Literacy of Jews In Synagogues 28. Role of Women in Synagogues: Never leaders, preachers but never segregated 29. Sanctuary Status: Refugees seeking Asylum in Synagogues 30. Appendages: Hostels, Housing and Food Banks in Synagogues 31. Civil Court: Judgements, beatings and scourging in Synagogues 32. Civic Meetings: Political Town Hall assemblies in Synagogues 33. Christians replaced Jews: Replacement theology is pure Christianity Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD)= Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date Allusions: Synagogue worship allusions and imagery in the New Testament Master builder Stonemason Jesus: "Upon this Rock I will build My ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ancient-Synagogue-Archeological-Literary-Sources-Bible-Jesus-Israel-Judea-diaspora-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Susanna-apocryphal-judgment-court-trial-100bc.htm

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Modern Rabbinical Judaism Modern Rabbinical Judaism vs. Mosaic Judaism See also: Sects of first century Judaism Originally the Law of Moses was given to one race of people who would all live on one small tract of land called Canaan, but as the people dispersed farther and ... Perhu the only difference between the present situation and the Jewries of earlier generations is that earlier'generations were perhaps more likely to reach some consensus in religious matters'. Some suggest that we stop speaking of Judaism ... It is also true that pre-A.D. 70 synagogues each had a inikvah (Jewish immersion pool), most notably the synagogue at the Herodium, which was built at least two full decades before John's birth. In the Mishnah, an entire tractate (Mikvaot) is ... In the words of Yohanan ben Zakkai "If you have a sapling in your hand and it is said to you, "Behold, there is the messiah"- go on with your planting, and afterwards go out to greet him. And if the youths say to you "Let us go up and build the ... ... https://www.bible.ca/cr-judaism-jews-mosaic-rabbinical.htm

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Assumption, Testament of Moses: 10AD Jude 9 Michael Devil dispute ... Book of Jubilees 50 Jubilees x 49 years 2450 years Testament of Moses 50 jubilees X 50 years 2500 years Jubilee cycle: The Testament of Moses is the first document in history to use a 50 year jubilee cycle which is ... The Latin text is clearly a translation from a Greek document which may be as early as the late 1st or early 2d century C.E." (ABD, Testament of Moses) b. "The Testament of Moses is known only from a single sixth-century ... In 10 AD Testament of Moses expected the Messiah immediately after the death of Herod the Great and the end of his son's rulership in about 29 AD: 2500 + 1750 = 4250 before - 29 AD = 4221 BC creation date 3. Unlike the Seder Olam (150 AD) the Assumption of Moses DID NOT view the Messiah coming in 70 AD but earlier, shortly after ... input or corrections By Steve Rudd: November 2017: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go to: Main Bible Manuscripts Page Go to: Main Ancient Synagogue Start Page Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Assumption-Testament-of-Moses-Jude9-Chronology-Genesis5-Textual-variants-Bible-manuscripts-devil-body-Moses-Michael-archangel-creation-4221BC-age-earth-10AD.htm

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Jewish Messianic Expectation at the time of Christ ... Broad window of messianic expectation: 4292-6000 AC. The "broad window" of the messiah's arrival started between the death of Solomon to year 6000 of earth age. The date range between the conquest and year 6000 was: 4292-6000 AC. c. Narrow window of messianic expectation: 49 BC - 33 AD. The "narrow window of the messiah's ... If You are the Son of God, come down from the cross."" (Matthew 27:40) q. ""We heard Him say, 'I will destroy this temple made with hands, and in three days I will build another made without hands.' "" (Mark 14:58) r. "Those passing by were hurling abuse at Him, wagging their heads, and saying, "Ha! You who are going to ... This simply cannot be accidental. In the authors upcoming commentary on the book of Revelation, it will be shown that John also borrowed much imagery from the first century Synagogue songbook, "Songs of Sabbath Sacrifice" as a blueprint for the structure of the entire book written in 66 AD, at the beginning of the first Jewish war, to warn ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Jewish-Messiah-Jesus-coming-Days-Coins-Dead-Sea-Scrolls-Seder-Olam-Talmud-Revelation-Gog-magog-dragon-war-1000-years-Hell-judgment-resurrection.htm

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Christians can eat test tube meat and genetically modified foods This paper will show that there is nothing sinful for Christians to eat genetically modified foods and will explore what the Bible says, and what the earliest post-biblical church said about it. In the twenty-first century... Sources The sources of Christian ethics in the present article are the New Testament and writings of the first generations of Christians after it, for they demonstrate that the Christian attitude to meat (1) was settled so early that the writers-or Christians not many generations earlier-had personally known Jesus or His early disciples and thus benefited from their unwritten teachings and interpretations of Scripture, (2) comes from a date so early that there was no likelihood for the original gospel to have been corrupted, and (3) is not based on ... Rather than relating to specific kinds of nutrition, Christian food rules before AD 251-before AD 100, for that matter-revolved around whether particular instances of eating or abstaining would build up or offend another ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/s-christians-can-eat-genetically-modified-food.htm

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Hebrew, Jewish, Yehuda, Bible coins of the Persian Empire ... The first time JEW is used in Ezra, was by the enemies of the Hebrews in a letter to the king of Persia. This confirms it is a foreign label given to the people of God. i. "let it be known to the king that the Jews [literally: Yehudim] who came up from you have come to us at Jerusalem; they are ... It has become evident that Judean jar handles from the beginning of the second century B.C.E. bear the inscription "YRSLM." The name "YRSLM" thus came to replace the term "YHD" (depicted on the earlier jar handles) which probably had also applied to the city." (Hendin, p6) "YEHUD" is a unique Persian form of the word for Judah (Jehudah). The standard word in the Old Testament for Judah is "Yehudah" which is ... These coins were manufactured on the Philistian weight stan-dards, and in design and fabric resemble the Philistian coins and not the Yehud issues struck later and used in and around the Jerusalem area. One coin, No. 1049, possibly a quarter-sheqel, is of special inter-est because it relates to ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/Jesus-coins-of-the-bible-Persian-Empire-539-333BC.htm

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The Ignatian Forgeries: They claim to be written by Ignatius ... They purport to be written by Ignatius, who lived about 110 AD. We believe it is clear, however, that they are all no earlier than 220 AD, more likely 250 AD. Although they are forgeries, they do represent the views of the author in time of ... Forgeries yes, but even the forgeries prove that there was no one bishop over the church universal. The first 8 letters of Ignatius do provide insights into what a the 4th-5th century author wished Ignatius had said in support of the authors current setting. The 7 letters of Ignatius being written probably around 250 AD, likewise give an insight into what was going on in 250 AD. We therefore date the 8 letters of Ignatius at 300-500 AD and the 7 letters of Ignatius at about 250 AD. "It is now the universal ... does [in reality] serve the devil" It is clear from the forged Ignatius writings, however, that Patriarchs or even diocese (a mother church ruling over a number of other local churches in a geographic area), did not exist at that time. ... ... https://www.bible.ca/history-ignatius-forgeries-250AD.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-did-i-excavate ... The journey of the Israelites through the desert from Egypt ended at Kadesh-Barnea. Here the Israelite tribes first rallied as one nation having a common spiritual vision. From here, the Israelites ... There are many other Biblical references to Kadesh-Barnea—both earlier and later in Israel's history. According to Genesis 14:7, Abraham fought the Amalekites at "Ein-Mishpat, which is now Kadesh." ... The actual site of Kadesh-Barnea has long been a subject of scholarly dispute. The earliest 19th century investigators, men like Karl von Raumer and Edward Robinson, looked for Kadesh-Barnea in the ... Our archaeological excavations have revealed the ruins of three Iron Age (Israelite) fortresses on the tell, each, except for the first, built over its predecessor. These fortresses date from the ... Parallel to the casemate walls on all four sides was a row of rooms, enclosing a central courtyard. Except for a small area paved with stone, the floors were of beaten earth. On the floor of this ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-did-i-excavate-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-bar-1981ad.htm

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Historical search for Kadesh Barnea from 1000 BC - Present The scriptures teach that Kadesh Barnea is Transjordan, somewhere south of the Dead Sea in modern Jordan. (History and archeology leads us to suggest Kadesh is located in Petra area, just 5 km north of Petra at Beidha.) 3. For 3800 years Kadesh ... BC to protect Judah's southern border, they falsely assumed the building was present at the time of Moses. 2004 AD - present: A restoration, by the author, of the true exodus route that the first century Christians believed, including the location of Mt. ... Diana Kirkbride's pioneering work at Beidha has revealed the presence of an important Neolithic village from the 7th millennium BC, along with traces of even earlier Natufian camps from the 9th and 10th millennia BC. Recent surveys and excavations ... Perhaps it ought to be mentioned, that the "date-palms " which Scetzen spoke of as watered by this fountain, were not seen by us. Yet they may have been elsewhere; or indeed, they may have existed in his day, although not now remaining. There was a ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-historical-search.htm

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Prism A (Rassam) and Prism C of Ashurbanipal/Osnappar: Alliance ... Ashurbanipal forms an alliance with 22 kings including Manasseh, king of Judah, to defeat Pharaoh Tirhakah at Memphis and Thebes in 667 BC. Prism A (Rassam) and Prism C of Ashurbanipal Date of inscription 643 BC Annal years Prism A: Campaigns 1-11; Prism C: ... Bible texts 2 Chron 33:10-13; 2 Kings 19:37; 21:10-15 Isaiah 37:37-38; Ezra 4:2; 9-10; Isaiah 20:3-5; Nahum 3:8-10 Historic events Manasseh joins 22 kings in an alliance with Esarhaddon in his first campaign of Egypt in 667 BC. Click to View ... The reason that this is such a problematic area is the fact that chronologically oriented sources for Ashurbanipal are singularly sparse. There is no eponym chronicle for the entire reign; the eponym list breaks off at 649; no Babylonian ... See: Letter of Aristeas 13, 250 BC. Gyges, king of Lydia sent troops to Psamtik I in assistance see Prism A (Rassam) and Prism C of Ashurbanipal. b. "Already in earlier times as well a fair number had entered the country with the Persian, and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeology-Rassam-Prism-A-C-Ashurbanipal-King-Assyria-Manasseh-Judah-Alliance-Taharqa-Tirhakah-Necho-II-Tanutamon-Psammetichus-I-Pharaoh-Egypt-667BC.htm

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Judean Governors, Procurtors and Prefects time of Jesus, first ... Herod would build the Jews a temple in 18 months completed in 18 BC. b. In 18 BC, Herod transferred the manufacturing of the Tyrian Shekel (official temple tax coin) from Tyre to a new mint in Jerusalem. See outline on the Shekel of Tyre. 7. ... First Judean Governor appointed by Nebuchadnezzar: Gedaliah Gedaliah was the first post 597 BC Governor in a long line of governors of Judah that date down to 70 AD. Full outline on Gedaliah: Gedaliah Gedaliah is the only governor of Judea we know about until the Persian age that began in 333 BC. Gedaliah 1st Governor of Judea in 587 BC "Archaeologists are digging up bible stories!!!" 1. Glyptic artifact: Clay Bulla 2. Inscription: "Belonging to Gedaliah who is over the house" 3. Provenance: Lachish ... Three ancient authentic sources (7th century, one 8th) that show that the significant portion of the Jewish community initially viewed Muhammad as the messiah, just as they did Bar Kokhba in 135 AD. The Jews only realized Bar Kokhba was false ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/Coins-Judean-Governors-Satraps-Procurators-Prefects-Jesus-Herod-Antipas-Philip-Archelaus-Pilate-Agrippa-Felix-Festus-587BC-66AD.htm

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Ein El Qedeis: "Piltdown Kadesh" Kadesh Barnea: 1881 - 1916 AD The fact that 19th century Muslims called a spring "holy" (ie Kadesh = holy) is as unsurprising as it is unconvincing for Kadesh. Modern Jewish funerals are also called a "kadesh" because they are sacred and holy. The fact that 3 million Hebrews died during the exodus at Kadesh and buried there may in fact be the original etymology of the name. Although in 1842 AD John Rowlands was the very first man in history to suggest Ein Qedeis was Kadesh Barnea, it became the majority opinion choice for Kadesh Barnea from 1881 - 1916 AD. Before 1881, everyone was looking for it in the Arabah Valley area ... Hor. In earlier times the gulf of 'Akabah reached farther north than it does to-day, and a passage from the eastern side over to El Tih may not have been as easy as it is at present. Nomadic tribes ... C. The Fortress at Ein Qedeis: (One of Solomon's network of military border fortresses) Click to View Date of the fortress at Ein Qedeis: The fortress Solomon built at Kades (Ein Qedeis), is located a ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-ein-qedeis.htm

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(The Iron Age Fortresses in the Central Negev, Rudolph Cohen ... ... It was customary previously to assign it to the 10th century B.C., especially after the excavations at Ramat Matred (Aharoni et al. 1960: 97-111). However, R othenberg's research in the Timna-Eilat area has shown that its origins may be several centuries earlier, and now, since the excavations at Kadesh-barnea, it is clear that it remained in use until the ... Fensham 1964). A Summary of the Findings The archaeological findings reveal, first of all, that a network of fortresses, including the first three types, existed in the 10th century B.C., and that most of the sites, after a brief phase of occupation, were permanently abandoned. Second, at Kadesh-barnea in the 8th-7th centuries B.C. a ... These different phases naturally reflect different historical settings and accordingly will have to be treated separately. The Function of the Early Fortress Network The fundamental problem of the early fortress network is its date. Since there are no contemporary allusions in biblical or ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-iron-age-fortresses-central-negev-rudolph-cohen-1979ad.htm

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Midianite Pottery: The designer import of the ancient world. into their new home. "Scholars associate the pottery from Qurayyah with the Midianites, the very people that Moses was said to dwell among when he first fled Egypt—and from whom he chose his wife, Zipporah. ... area of the Red Sea." (Timna, Beno Rothenberg, 1969 AD) Timna and Jezirat Faraun were used at the same time and in conjunction with each other under Egyptian control 1440 BC - 1200 BC. "we now propose to identify early Jezirat Fara'un as a Pharaonic mining harbour. ... investigations and the finds on the island confirmed once more the dates previously proposed, including the existence of fourteenth to twelfth century BC ... Indeed, the survey report of Midian published in 1970 describes the site of a kiln at Qurayyah where this decorated pottery was actually produced and a Late Bronze Age date for at least some of it was correctly suggested by Peter Parr. At Qurayyah a whole sequence of decorated ware was found ; some of it seems earlier than the Timna ware, other pieces seem ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-midianite-pottery.htm

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enclosed-settlements-negeb-wilderness-beer-sheba-zeev-herzog ... Geographic Terminology The modern term "Negev" designates a much broader area than that represented by the biblical Negeb. We may distinguish three distinct geo-graphical zones within the Negev of today and ... Since recent discoveries have shown that the Negebite ware had an extremely wide chronological range—from the 13th century B.C. at Timna (Rothenberg 1972: 180-82) to the end of the Iron Age at Kadesh-barnea (Cohen 1980: 77)—the presence of this ware cannot, of course, support any particular date within the Iron Age for these sites. Cohen's suggestion to relate this ware to the ... This conclusion was reached after an intensive study of the finds from the Early Iron Age strata at Tel Beersheba (Herzog, forthcoming), material that was not available to the authors of the earlier ... Stratum VIII. This stratum is characterized by the reuse of many of the pits, but is also witness to the first stone-built dwelling, apparently of thefour-room house type, constructed near the well. There ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-enclosed-settlements-negeb-wilderness-beer-sheba-zeev-herzog-1983ad.htm

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Matthew Fontaine Maury "Pathfinder Of Sea" Psalms 8 What did the US Naval academy know that modern skeptics don't know that would lead them to do this? The book also references an earlier newspaper story that says the same thing. But the evidence gets even more powerful, given the ... M F Maury's monument with text "Pathfinder of the Seas" (Matthew Fontaine Maury) monument; Monument Avenue, Richmond, Virginia (west end of Monument Avenue) The inscription reads: "Matthew Fontaine Maury, Pathfinder of the Seas, the genius who first snatched from the oceans and atmosphere the secret of their ... T. M., A. M.: pp 460, The Ladies' repository: a monthly periodical, devoted to literature, arts, and religion./ vol. 15, iss. 8 Publication Date: Aug 1855) Dr. Franklin was the first to suggest that the Gulf Stream clearly defined ... then at war with England. (Paper on the Gulf Stream and Currents of the Sea, MF Maury p. 395) Matthew Fontaine Maury achieved considerable respect in the middle of the nineteenth century for founding the science of oceanography. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/tracks/matthew-fontaine-maury-pathfinder-of-sea-ps8.htm

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Solution to the Chronology of the Book of Judges! ... The first Judge arose only after Joshua died in 1356 BC (Judges 1:1). Samuel was the last judge who died in 1014 BC, which was four years before David began to reign in 1010 BC. The formal period of the Judges is from 1350 - 1014 BC ... This 29-year error has the direct effect of shifting the entire Chronology of the Judges 29 years earlier than it should be. This 29-year error causes dissonance with the date Deborah burned Hazor, the Merneptah Stele, the collapse of the Late Bronze age with the mass arrival of the Philistines, the ... This means that the judges began their work as liberators during the periods of oppression and completed the liberation the year the oppression ended, and the years of peace began. Oppressor: years A Area of Israel affected Judge: ... Samuel was a Kohathite priest (1 Chron 6:27-28; 33-34). b. Samuel was the sole central theological authority of the 11th century BC where he ran a prophet's school and converted the scriptures from its original "Mosaic-Hieroglyphic-... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-date-chronology-of-judges.htm

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796 BC Al Rimah Joash Conquest Stele of Adad-Nirari III, King ... ... It telescopes all the wars in the west into one 'single year'-a figure also employed in the Sheikh Hammad stela. A similar figure of quick victory in 'one single year', or even 'half a year', occurs earlier in the inscriptions of Samsu-iluna and ... As with the Saba'a stele (A.0.104.6), a portrait of the king in relief and divine symbols are on the top part of the stele while the text is inscribed below. A further similarity is that the first part of the text (lines 1-12) is a royal ... This would obviously have been done when Nergal-eris fell from power. It is known that he had an eminent position as late as 775 BC, and so the mutilation of the inscription must date after that time. Adad-narari III (810-783 BC) had by this time been ... with its 33 villages, the city Dur-Marduk with its 40 villages, the city Kar-Adad-narari with its 126 villages in (the area of) Mount Sangar, 28 villages in (the area of) Mount Azallu, the city Dur-Adad-narari with its 15 villages in the land ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-inscriptions-archeology-Adad-Nirari-III-Rimah-Conquest-Stele-Samshi-Adad-V-Shalmaneser-III-tribute-Mari-Ben-Hadad-III-Joash-king-Israel-Samaria-Nergal-eris-796bc.htm

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Date written: John the Gospel of John in AD 98 ... AD 70, well into the middle of the second century. f. The elephant in the room, is that no one would equate living past AD 70 as uniquely remarkable for John alone, since children and most of the Christians alive in AD 30 would also live as long or longer than John. g. Even if the gospel of John was written in 60/61 AD, John was still universally believed at this late date, to supernaturally outlive his own natural time of death. AD 70 was earlier than John's natural life expectancy so the phrase, "he would not die" can only mean that the disciples ... The Pool of Bethesda: "The Architectural style and inscription point to Herodian times, making it one of the many magnificent building projects of Herod the Great. (Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible, Beth-zatha) b. After ... The two were running together; and the other disciple ran ahead faster than Peter and came to the tomb first; and stooping and looking in, he saw the linen wrappings lying there; but he did not go in. And so Simon Peter ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/revelation/Bible-Only-Revelation-commentary-Steven-Rudd-Date-Revelation-written-66AD-Gospel-of-John-98AD.htm

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Melqart Stele of Ben-Hadad-Ezer II: 845 BC ... He was probably crown prince of the royal house of Damascus before he was raised to the status of coregent and king, ca. 845 B.C. or slightly earlier. Adad-'Idri is commonly identified as Ben Hadad I1 in the series of kings of ... The addition of a new inscribed stele to the two already known, is accordingly a matter of unusual archaeological interest. Moreover, it is the first inscribed monument of significance found bearing the name of a king of Damascus (Aram) . Since the kings of Damascus were hereditary foes of Israel for a century and a half, the absence of such documents has seriously embarrassed historians.' Quite aside from its direct historical significance is the fact that it must be nearly a century older than the next oldest Aramaic inscription of any ... The author, Steven Rudd, has adopted the translation of Cross and Reinhold and their date of 845 BC for the creation of the stele. However, the author has assigned the creation of the stele to Ben-Hadad II and not his supposed ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Ben-Hadad-II-Melqart-Stele-Bir-Ezer-Damascene-king-Aram-1939AD-Breij-Aleppo-1Kings20-2Ki5-845BC.htm

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How Petra was Built, Shaher M. Rababeh, 2005, p223-227 The Nabataeans had their own distinctive architectural style which reflected both Hellenistic and Oriental influences, the origins of which it is possible to suggest. However, determining the origins of the techniques used to build them is not ... at Umm el-Biyara, Tawilan, and Buseireh.4 Moreover, it is probable that the method of climbing up rock faces with the aid of ropes and holes was inherited from earlier knowledge in the area, as it is found in the Neo-Babylonian rock relief of Sela'5 (in III.b.2). ... The main point is that the construction techniques used and developed by Nabataean builders were affected by two important factors: their outside contacts, and the availability of the building materials. The first factor is the influence of ... These were definitely carved before el-Khazneh, probably before the last quarter of the first century BC. Moreover, the quantity of Nabataean rock-cut monuments in Petra and Hegra suggest considerable local activity. The masons32 named at Hegra ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-how-petra-was-built-shaher-m-rababeh-2005ad.htm

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