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The Vulgate: Jerome's Latin Translation of the Hebrew Masoretic ... The Vulgate Old Testament and Gospels completed in 384 AD Jerome's Latin Translation of the Hebrew Masoretic Text Introduction: 1. About the Vulgate: a. "VULGATE The Latin translation of the Bible that Jerome produced in AD 383-405 or that was at least initiated by him, with the Old Testament and Gospels certainly being translated ... That he revised the remaining books of the NT is unlikely." (The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, Vulgate, 2005 AD) 2. The Need of a Latin Bible: The Latin of the western church at Rome: a. "The rise of Latin: ... The church of Cirta was less successful, losing most of its library when, in May of 303, thirty-four biblical manuscripts of varying sizes were seized by the proconsul, including one very large manuscript, five large, two ... Constantine continued this practice, writing speeches in Latin and leaving it to others to translate (Eusebius, Vit. Const. 3.13.1; 4.8). A bilingual law school was founded in Berytus, Syria (modern Beirut), Latin appears ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Vulgate-Latin-translation-Jerome-Chronology-Genesis5-Textual-variants-Bible-manuscripts-Old-Testament-Torah-Tanakh-creation-4114BC-age-earth-384AD.htm

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282 BC: Birth of the Greek Septuagint LXX The Septuagint is a Greek translation of the entire Hebrew Old Testament by pre-Christian era Jews. The city of Alexandria was founded in 331 BC by the ... Josephus (75 AD) who says the Jews rejoiced when they were read the Greek Bible after translation was complete; Justin Martyr (150 AD) who says the Greek ... the lower chronology found in the Hebrew Masoretic manuscript is both wrong and "impossible to explain". Augustine lists 6 translations of Hebrew into Greek: Septuagint, Aquila, Symmachus, Theodotion, and the anonymous 'fifth edition'. Augustine lists 2 translations into Latin: Jerome translated Hebrew into Latin, and the Vulgate translated the Greek Septuagint into Latin ... Ptolemy II wants a copy of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) in his father's library and commissions 72 scholars from Jerusalem to translate the first five books ... The original text of Aristobulus in 150 BC, quoted by Eusebius in 325 AD: "It is evident that Plato closely followed our legislation, and has carefully ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-birth-historical-accounts-origin-antiochus-II-Letter-of-Aristeas-Aristobulus-Philo-Josephus-Justin-Martyr-Irenaeus-Eusebius-Irenaeus-Augustine-282BC.htm

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Masoretic Text (MT) born in 160 AD at Zippori "Scripture cannot be broken" (Jesus, John 10:35) Steve Rudd 1017 On two different historic occasions, the Jews corrupted their own Bible to counter theological adversaries. The Jews in 160-200 AD corrupted the Genesis chronology for anti-Christian purposes unknowingly following ... Notice that in both cases, the entire collection of Hebrew manuscripts were entrusted into the hands of a small number of Jews who created a single manuscript that would come to dominate the world, all within a population who were Hebrew illiterate and would be unable to detect the changes. Masoretic Text (MT) born in 160 AD at ... BC Uses Hebrew text not the Septuagint 384 AD: Vulgate by Jerome: 4114 AD Latin translation of Hebrew 400 AD: Augustine: believed both 5554 BC and 4114 BC were inspired 7. Test case for accuracy of LXX vs. ... In modern Hebrew, the usual meaning of kazab is "lie", although it can also take the meaning of "disappointment." But any attempt to translate "bar Kozeba" as "son of the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Masoretic-Text-MT-Leningrad-Codex-Bible-manuscripts-Old-Testament-Torah-Tanakh-Hebrew-Rabbi-Yose-ben-Halafta-Zippori-160AD.htm

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Shem as Melchizedek: A test case for validating or falsifying ... ... the order of Melchizedek (book of Hebrews) so they corrupted the text in their Hebrew pre-Masoretic Torah to counter Christian theology. i. ... The identification of Melchizedek and Shem was also known to Ephrem. On the same views in Jerome, see Hayward, art. cit., in note to 14:2 ... and the greater will serve before the smaller." (The Aramaic Bible, The Targum Neofiti Translated with a Critical Introduction ... The Septuagint Chronology of Genesis is original. b. The Pre-Masoretic Hebrew text (before 160 AD) was original and agreed with the Septuagint c. The ... Out of resentment he underwent circumcision, devoting himself to learning Hebrew in order to translate the Bible into Greek with the aim of ... However, the Hebrew word "ministered" is not in ANY bible manuscript but is a Jewish commentary (Targum) on the role of Melchizedek ... to the fourth century, e.g., examination of the Greek and Latin loan words to ascertain when they were current; more detailed ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-Shem-was-Melchizedek-Masoretic-chronology-Messiah-Jesus-Christ-priesthood.htm

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Bible Chronology charts: Septuagint LXX vs. corrupted Masoretic ... Bible Chronology Charts The Septuagint (LXX) vs. corrupted Masoretic "Scripture cannot be broken" (Jesus, John 10:35) "My word will accomplish what I desire and succeed in the purpose ... Every reliable literary source before 100 AD uses the longer LXX chronology and not the shorter Masoretic. 2. Both Philo and Josephus were using the extant Hebrew manuscript of their day which followed the longer LXX chronology. a. This is a huge finding because they were NOT using the Greek Septuagint used in Synagogues as their source text, but the Hebrew Tanakh used in the Jerusalem Temple. b. In fact, ... primary proof that the Jews around 160 AD in Zippori changed the Hebrew text for anti-Christian theological reasons. 4. Today the Septuagint contains the original chronological numbers ... BC 221 AD: Julius Africanus Sextus: 5500 BC 384 AD: Vulgate by Jerome: 4114 AD Latin translation of Hebrew 400 AD: Augustine: believed both 5554 BC and 4114 BC were inspired 5. Test case for accuracy of LXX vs. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Bible-chronology-charts-age-of-earth-date-Genesis-5-11-Septuagint-text-LXX-original-autograph-corrupted-Masoretic-MT-primeval-5554BC.htm

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"KJV Only" advocates refuted! alter the meaning of a passage, and NONE of them would contradict or alter any of the basic points of Christian doctrine. ... translations including, NASB, RSV, NKJV, ASV, NIV. All these translations are equal in quality and all should be used for Bible study. ... Acts 9:6 although found in the Latin Vulgate, and thus the TR is found in no Greek manuscript at all. In light of its obvious shortcomings, a greater number of older and more complete ... There are over 8000 alternate English renderings from Greek and Hebrew manuscripts that were identical. The first example (Judges ... that the translators were directed by the Holy Spirit to make the correct choice between two variations in the Greek or Hebrew text. ... GOD and the TEXT IS. The translators did not KNOW that they were being guided to translate His word correctly, that much is certain. ... August. de utilit. credendi cap. 6] Thus S. Augustine. and S. Jerome: "Ama scripturas, et amabit te sapientia etc." [S. Jerome. ad ... ... https://www.bible.ca/b-kjv-only.htm

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The Septuagint, LXX, origin, textual transmission 282 BC The text of the Bible we have today is what we have and arguing over the superiority of one manuscript family over another will not change the text of the pew Bibles in churches or synagogues read and trusted as God's inspired word. You may find some of my ... 3761 BC 221 AD: Julius Africanus Sextus: 5500 BC 384 AD: Vulgate by Jerome: 4114 AD Latin translation of Hebrew 400 AD: Augustine: believed both 5554 BC and 4114 BC were inspired 1362 AD: Samaritan Chronicle of Joshua: 4263 BC Deliberate historic corruptions of the Old Testament manuscripts: 458 BC: Ezra's Anti-Samaritan Variants in the Quattuordecim (XIV)" 160 AD: Seder Olam Rabbah: The blueprint for inventing anti-Christian variants in the Hebrew pre-Masoretic Text 160 AD: Jews corrupt the Greek Septuagint (LXX) in synagogues to counter Christianity, then abandoned it altogether. 160 AD: Jews corrupt their own Hebrew Masoretic (MT) Bible to counter Christianity. 160 AD: Shem as Melchizedek: Test case for accuracy of LXX vs. ... ... https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/septuagint.htm

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The Septuagint, LXX, origin, textual transmission, synagogues ... See also: 1. Author's Preface and Master Introduction 2. 6 Old Testament Manuscripts 3. Origin of the 4 Hebrew scripts used by Jews and in the bible 4. Book of Law in ... chronology and not the shorter Masoretic. 2. Both Philo and Josephus were using the extant Hebrew manuscript of their day which followed the longer LXX chronology. a. ... proof that the Jews around 160 AD in Zippori changed the Hebrew text for anti-Christian theological reasons. 4. Today the Septuagint contains the original ... 5500 BC Uses Hebrew text 60 AD: Pseudo-Philo 5886 BC 70 AD: Josephus 5467 BC 90 AD: 2 Esdras 14 5464 BC 100 BC: Testament of Levi and the Twelve Patriarchs 150 AD: Justin Martyr Jews corrupt their own Greek Synagogue Tanakh 160 AD: Seder Olam Rabbah: 3761 BC 221 AD: Julius Africanus Sextus: 5500 BC 384 AD: Vulgate by Jerome: 4114 AD Latin translation of Hebrew 400 AD: Augustine: believed both 5554 BC and 4114 BC were inspired 5. Test case for accuracy of LXX vs. Masoretic: Shem as ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-Greek-Old-Testment-Tanakh-ancient-Synagogues-first-century-church-PtolemyII-282-246BC.htm

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Long vs. Short Egyptian sojourn: Israel spent 430 not 215 years ... ... in the land of Egypt was 430 years." (Ex 12:40, Samaritan Pentateuch "SP") 3. Other relevant Bible verses: a. "God said to Abram, "Know for certain that your descendants will be strangers in a ... Amram married his father's sister Jochebed, and she bore him Aaron and Moses; and the length of Amram's life was 137 years." (Exodus 6:16-20) 4. Archeological Manuscript details of Ex 12:40 a. The Masoretic Text reads: "In Egypt" b. ... The Vulgate, which Jerome translated from Hebrew into Latin, supports the 430 year long sojourn. h. The Peshitta translation from Hebrew into Syriac supports the 430 year long sojourn. 5. Masoretic (MT) and Dead Sea scroll 4Q14 both support the long sojourn with only three words difference: "the land of" a. "Now the residing of the sons of Israel during which they resided in ... The original did not have "and Canaan" and a second that contained either the gloss or scribal notes that were used to translate the Septuagint. 5. This ancient gloss that predates 282 BC, was ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Bible-Chronology-variants-theological-interpretation-Old-Testament-Book-of-Exodus-12-40-long-short-sojourn-430-or-215-years-Israel-Egyptian-slavery-textual.htm

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Samaritan Pentateuch Textual Variants: Joshua's Altar was on ... ... version of the Torah: First English translation compared with the Masoretic version, Benyamim Tsedaka, Sharon Sullivan, The First English ... The Abisha Scroll is only one manuscript among many that have become available to the scholarly community, and the last decades of the ... Frag. 32-35, the text of the Paleo Hebrew bible at Deuteronomy 27:4 in 465 BC indeed says that Joshua built an altar on Mt. Gerizim. This is how the Paleo-Hebrew Samaritan Pentateuch, Exodus 12:14a-f reads today. ii. Vetus Latina: Old Latin translation of the ... Ebal as in the MT and LXX text of Deut 27:418 (which influenced the Vulgate, Syriac, and Coptic traditions).19 Moreover, just a few lines later ... a popular textual tradition of the Torah used in an-cient Israel in the last pre-Christian centuries in addition to texts of the MT family. ... also reads "Garzin" in codex 100. a. "The terms "Old Latin" and vetus latina perfectly suit translations and revisions prior to Jerome. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Samaritan-Pentateuch-SP-Bible-Manuscript-Textual-Variants-Old-Testament-scribal-gloss-error-Deut27-4-Mt-Gerizim-Ebal-Dead-Sea-Scroll-4Q33-Deuteronomy-f.htm

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Bible Only Revelation Commentary by Steven Rudd ... with their size and weight. However, the author came to his conclusions using the Bible alone separate and apart from archaeology or ancient Jewish sources. ... So the Christians correctly understood Babylon/Egypt/Sodom/Harlot was Jerusalem. c. The non-Christian Jews would NEVER connect Babylon/Egypt/Sodom/Harlot with ... Both stories (Gen 19:4-8 and Judg 19:22-24) are told exactly 69 Hebrew words in the Masoretic Text manuscript. Genesis 19:4-8 Judges 19:22-24 v4) Before they lay down v22) While they were ... Hebrews: Cherubim: Heb. 9:5 3. Transliterations of Aramaic in the Greek New Testament. Only Mark and John (written post 70 AD) record and translate Aramaic ... was crucified was near the city; and it was written in Hebrew [Aramaic], Latin and in Greek." (John 19:20) n. "Messiah" (Jn 1:41) "The Greek transliteration ... still alive, was condemned to dwell on the Island of Patmos because of his testimony to the divine Word." (Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 3.17-18) 3. Jerome AD 400: a. ... ... https://www.bible.ca/revelation/

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Kadesh-Barnea by Henry Clay Trumbull, 1884 AD ... INDEX OF PERSONS NAMED 44G INDEX OF FOREIGN WORDS CITED 453 INDEX OF BIBLE TEXTS CITED 458 TOPICAL INDEX ... .463 INTRODUCTION. At first ... And for now well-nigh twenty centuries the location of Kadesh-barnea has been a matter of doubt and discussion among Jewish and Christian ... All this was within three years after the coming out of Egypt ; probably within two years. 4 . 14: 39, 40. 2 The Hebrew word ^cghelh or Xegcb ... The term which Eusebius and Jerome employ for Xegeb in the Onomasticon is Daromas, but they carry it farther northward than the Xegeb of the ... Canaanites), who were incomparably more important, are mentioned alone." 4 It is not clear, from the text, how long the Israelites were ... If any one wishes the Arabic sounds expressed in Latin letters, here they are: Teeh Beny Israel. " Seetzen, journeying over this desert in ... II., 404. * Deut. 1 : 44. 5 The Septuagint, Peshitto Syriac, and Vulgate (at Deut. 1 : 44) read "from Seir," instead of " to Seir; " but ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-henry-clay-trumbull-1884ad.htm

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Bulwarks of the Faith Foy E Wallace JR. Refuting Dogmas Catholicism ... ... Incense aids the Catholic through smelling, pictures through seeing, the organ through hearing -what's the difference? Let a "Christian Church" preacher try to ... BULWARKSOFTHE FAITH but Rome has use for them and makes them a "sacramental." (2) The vulgate. This is the Latin translation of Hebrew and Chaldean manuscripts of copies by Jerome in 320-340, approved by the Council of Trent, 1545-1563, upon which ... on the part of the Catholic church to keep the Bible out of the hands of their members, and to give their members their own arbitrary interpretation, which they call a translation, but which in many instances is not based on the Greek words of the original text at all. ... If human agency is not to be reckoned, why translate the scriptures, why preach, why send missionaries, why try to convert any-body, anywhere, any time, anyhow? ... with me that he had the Holy Spirit baptism, could not speak without his manuscript and his notes, and he had difficulty in his efforts to even quote the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/catholic/Catholic-church-doctrine-Bulwarks-of-the-Faith-Foy-E-Wallace-JR-Refuting-Dogmas-Catholicism-Protestant-Denominationalism-1951AD.htm

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The Exodus Route: A scriptural proof, with the witness of history ... ... Josephus, Eusebius Jerome and others pointed Mt. Lawz as the best candidate for Mt. Sinai. Josephus and Eusebius led me to target the ... by the Temple of Solomon, which finally became the body of a Christian individually and the church collectively. (1 Corinthians 3:16-17; ... Sinai in modern Saudi Arabia. Having said this, there are very few certain references in the Bible to the Gulf of Aqaba being the Red Sea. ... Sea, in the land of Edom." (1 Kings 9:26) The fact that the Masoretic Hebrew Text uses "sea of reeds" is irrelevant since the Gulf of Aqaba is also ... This reflects again the uncertainty of editorial additions and of the use of Arabia in the Onomasticon (K. 110:27). Latin combines K. 112:7 ... Judges 1:36; K. 142:7; L. 279:71. No letter division in the Vatican Greek manuscript here. Procopius 1048B has Petra in Idumala (K. 102:23). ... Footnote #: 6: Ailam (Ailath). Genesis 14:1; K.6:17; L. 234:75. In the Vulgate we find Ailath, Elath, and Aila for this same site. Palestine ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route.htm

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The Septuagint, LXX: 10 Archeological proofs the Septuagint Tanakh ... "Scripture cannot be broken" (Jesus, John 10:35) Steve Rudd 2017 Abstract: Modern Jewish "anti-Christian" Rabbis, like Tovia Singer attack Christianity with the ... We have highlighted 10 archeological proofs that the Greek Tanakh was 100% complete and that the Septuagint was the standard "pulpit bible" in every Synagogue: ... manuscript of the shorter LXX version of Jeremiah the prophet found at Qumran, Philo quotes extensively from most books of the Greek Tanakh in 30 BC including Isaiah 5 times. Philo also uses the longer Chronological numbers of the LXX in Gen 5&11 and copies the LXX in saying 75 entered Egypt with Jacob, whereas the Hebrew Masoretic text says .../Sira, Ecclesiasticus [Latin]" was written by Jesus Ben Sirach in Jerusalem c. 200-175 BC in Hebrew then translated into Greek by his grandson c. 132-100 BC. a. ... The Holy Spirit chose in the New Testament to universally translate the Hebrew YHWH as Greek "KURIOS" (Lord) 3. Nomina sacra: "Sacred Names" a. Jews around 100 BC ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-Greek-Bible-entire-Tanakh-39-books-translated-complete-by-150BC.htm

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Textual Variants Daniel's 70 weeks, Susanna, Prayer of Hananiah ... prophecy of the 70 weeks. 3. These additions, however, were read by the early church and included in the first full edition Bible's we know of: Codex Vaticanus 350 AD. 4. We find two different prophecies in the Bible for 490 years: a. ... I. Archeological and literary details about the manuscript of Daniel: 1. "In the [Hebrew] Masoretic Text, Daniel is recorded in two languages. Daniel 1:1-2:4a and chapters 8-12 are in Hebrew, while Daniel 2:4b through the end of chapter 7 (7:28) is in Aramaic. This is one of the ... But since, as already shown above, Theodotion-Daniel was produced in Asia Minor or Palestine (or possibly Syria-Mesopotamia) in pre-Christian times, and since both the LXX and Theodotion-Daniel contained the "Additions"-there is no ... manye oo weeke, and in the half of a weeke oost and sacrifice shal fayle" (Wycliffe Bible, Translated from the Latin Vulgate, 1382 to 1395 AD) b. "He shall make a stronge bonde with many, for the space of a weke: and when the weke is half ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Daniel-Bible-Textual-Variants-Old-Testament-Tanakh-70-weeks-Daniel9.24-Messiah-490-years-458BC-33AD-resurrection-Codex-Vaticanus-Susanna-Prayer-Hananiah-Bel-dragon.htm

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Recensional history of the Six Bible Manuscripts of the Old Testament Manuscript Transmission of the Old Testament Recensional history of the Six Bible Manuscripts of the Old Testament Mosaic | Naiothic | Samaritan Pentateuch | Quattuordecim | Septuagint | ... Tanakh, (Except Neh., Mal.) Aramaic-Hebrew Septuagint (LXX) 282 BC "the 70" Alexandria Tanakh Greek Masoretic (MT) 160 AD Rabbi Yose ben Halafta Zippori Tanakh ... to a Palestinian Hebrew text. (this Hebrew text is not the Masoretic Text of the 10th century AD, but may be an ancient parent copy like the "Proto-Masoretic" text.) Proto-Theodotionic/KR (of the Old Greek or proto-Lucian?) at the beginning of the Christian era to conform to the proto-Masoretic text. ... This practice has been ridiculed by scholars from Jerome onward. The rules governing Aquila's translation of אֶת have now been worked out by Barthélemy, who shows ... preface to Chronicles in the Vulgate (a.d. 400), Jerome mentioned that the Hesychian recension was used in Egypt and the Lucian was used from Constantinople to Antioch. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Bible-Manuscript-Recessional-Transmission-history-Old-Testament-Mosaic-Naiothic-Samaritan-Pentateuch-Quattuordecim-Septuagint-Masoretic.htm

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Book of Psalms 151: Chapter 151: Bible textual variants analysed about Ps 151 from Dead Sea Scroll 11Q5: a. "Although Psalm 151 is not included in the Masoretic Text, a Hebrew version, varying slightly from the Greek and Syriac, was found among the Dead Sea Scrolls (11QPsa). The Hebrew version is extant as two psalms, labeled 151A and 151B, though most of B is damaged. This scroll includes other Psalms that were similarly excluded from later Christian canons and the Hebrew Bible canon, but may have held liturgical significance in the Second Temple period and after. ... Psalm 151 also exists in some Syriac manuscripts, including a 12th-century Syriac Psalter that includes further additional psalms, numbered Psalms 152-155. In addition, Psalm 151 is included in many medieval manuscripts of the Latin Vulgate. ... p 661, 2009 AD) c. "Psalm 151, a psalm included at the end of some manuscripts of Psalms in the LXX, where one manuscript, Codex Sinaiticus, numbers it Psalm 151. It is not found in the book of Psalms in the Jewish canon of scripture, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Book-of-Psalms-151-Chapter-151-Bible-Manuscript-Textual-Variants-Old-Testament-Tanakh-Septuagint-LXX-Masoretic-Text-MT-scribal-gloss-copying-error.htm

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Flavius Josephus Genesis Chronology: 70 AD Creation 5467 BC ... for anti-Christian purposes. Luke 3:36 includes "Cainan" in agreement with the LXX against the MT. Steve Rudd 2017 AD Introduction: 1. Josephus was Quad lingual Jew, able to speak Hebrew, Greek, Aramaic and Latin 2. Josephus was one of the leaders of the first Jewish War of 66-70 AD. a. ... told them, in the beginning of this history, that I intended to do no more than translate the Hebrew books into the Greek language, and promised them to explain those ... was following the Hebrew Torah (proto-Masoretic text) because twice he told us so! b. Josephus even gave a general age of the earth in the opening verse of Against Apion of 5000 years from the Hebrew Text in 70 AD that is a match for today's LXX but divergent by over 1000 years from today's Masoretic from which most Old Testaments in our Bible are constructed ... 1056 is obviously wrong. i. 1656 appears in one manuscript, and has been corrupted to match the MT. ii. 2656 is the result of a scribal error, originally 2256. iii. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Josephus-Flavius-Chronology-Genesis5-Textual-variants-Bible-manuscripts-Old-Testament-Torah-Tanakh-creation-5467BC-age-earth-Daniel9-70-weeks-70AD.htm

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The Septuagint: God approved Translation in every synagogue like ... ... gospel. 5. 400 AD: Augustine listed 8 translations of the Bible: a. Augustine lists 6 translations of Hebrew into Greek: Septuagint, Aquila, Symmachus, Theodotion, and an anonymous translation which is known simply as the 'fifth edition.' b. Augustine lists 2 translations into Latin: Jerome translated Hebrew into Latin, and the Vulgate translated the Greek Septuagint into Latin which was the one used by al the churches. c. "There have, of ... It was this remnant who converted to Christianity immediately! The Septuagint: A text of the Bible in the language of the common people (Greek) A Mikveh: Also known as "The Christian Maker", full immersion water baptism washed away sins in the name of Jesus and be born again! See full outline on Synagogue Mikvaot See ... Sinai Text (ST) 1050 BC Samuel's Text (SNT) 623 BC Samaritan (SP) 458 BC Ezra's Text (XIV) 282 BC Septuagint (LXX) 160 AD Masoretic (MT) Research Tools OT Textual Variants Messianic expectation 300 OT quotes in NT Canon of the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-Greek-Bible-standard-issue-Jerusalem-certified-translation-synagogues-church.htm

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Hebrew: The World's Oldest Alphabet: English came from Hebrew Click to View Digging up Bible stories! A collection of 16 previously untranslated ancient inscriptions lay in museums for 100 years but have now proven that Hebrew is the very first Alphabet in earth history from which all other alphabets, including English, Latin and ... Canadian Researcher, Dr. Doug Petrovitch is the first person in history to translate these 16 inscriptions and it all started when he realized ... in 1050 BC 3. Aramaic-Hebrew "square" script by Ezra in 458 BC. 4. Masoretic-Hebrew "vowelled" script by Masoretes in 600 AD. See full outline on ... There are no extant manuscripts of any Bible text with Paleo-Hebrew, except for the Silver Scroll. It is entirely possible that the first five ... The Masoretes were a small sect of Jews living at Zippori and Tiberias, who invented the dots and dashes of modern Hebrew. The oldest manuscript ... Weekly meetings in thousands of synagogues, each equipped with its own "Christian maker" (water baptistry- Mikveh) made the missionary journeys ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Hebrew-worlds-oldest-alphabet-Douglas-Petrovich-original-first-Proto-Consonantal-Sinaitic-Canaanite-Pictograms-Photograms-Echograms-Avaris-Tel-el-Daba-1859-1842BC.htm

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Jehovah's Witnesses abuse the divine name YHWH of my God obvious proof that Jehovah's Witnesses spell YHWH wrong as "Jehovah" is the fact that the letter "J" doesn't even exist in Hebrew, Greek, Latin. ... no idea how to even find the Tetragrammaton in the original Hebrew text of the Old Testament, much less even heard the term "Tetragrammaton". ... adds "Jehovah" into the New Testament 237 times, where there is absolutely no ancient manuscript evidence of any kind to support it. The Watchtower teaching of a Hebrew original of Matthew that used YHWH, surely trashes the Bible and destroys any confidence in the New Testament. ... Click here for specifics on this. So as we will see, the JW charge that the Bibles that Christian commonly use, removes the divine name from the ... was first written, in Hebrew letters. (Epiphanius; Panarion 29:9:4) Jerome (382 C.E.) "Matthew, who is also Levi, and from a tax collector came ... Unlike their Christian colleagues, however, these Greek editors did not translate the tetragram; instead, they retained the Hebrew letters, thus ... ... https://www.bible.ca/jw-YHWH.htm

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Oldest Old Testament Bible manuscripts: Qumran | Wadi Murabba ... ... Nahal Se'elim: 2 fragments d. See full outline on Phylactery and Mezuzah Bible texts I. Dead Sea Scrolls (Hebrew manuscripts) at Qumran that agree with the LXX not the Masoretic: 1. "Isaiah 9:6 reads, "she shall call his name" in the Masoretic Text, but the LXX and now the great Isaiah scroll read, "His name shall be called," a matter of one less consonant of the Hebrew alphabet. (Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics, p 188, 1999 AD) 2. "However, the documents from Qumran ... In fact, some have characterized 4QNumb as the Qumran manuscript most closely exhibiting pre-Samaritan characteristics. Nathan Jastram says: "Of the secondary readings in ... Due to their poor condition, these fragments were among the most difficult to decipher and translate. (IAA website) e. Qumran Cave 5 (5Q) - Discovered and excavated by ... Additional findings include Greek and Latin papyri, made up of primarily administrative military documents belonging to Roman soldiers stationed at the site after the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-oldest-manuscripts-Bible-Ancient-copies-Dead-Sea-Scrolls-Qumran-Masada-Nahal-Hever-Nahal-Seelim-Wadi-Murabbaat-Masoretic-Greek-Hebrew-Aramaic.htm

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Oldest Old Testament Bible manuscripts: Qumran | Wadi Murabba ... ... Nahal Se'elim: 2 fragments d. See full outline on Phylactery and Mezuzah Bible texts I. Dead Sea Scrolls (Hebrew manuscripts) at Qumran that agree with the LXX not the Masoretic: 1. "Isaiah 9:6 reads, "she shall call his name" in the Masoretic Text, but the LXX and now the great Isaiah scroll read, "His name shall be called," a matter of one less consonant of the Hebrew alphabet. (Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics, p 188, 1999 AD) 2. "However, the documents from Qumran ... In fact, some have characterized 4QNumb as the Qumran manuscript most closely exhibiting pre-Samaritan characteristics. Nathan Jastram says: "Of the secondary readings in ... Due to their poor condition, these fragments were among the most difficult to decipher and translate. (IAA website) e. Qumran Cave 5 (5Q) - Discovered and excavated by ... Additional findings include Greek and Latin papyri, made up of primarily administrative military documents belonging to Roman soldiers stationed at the site after the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-oldest-manuscripts-Bible-Ancient-copies-Dead-Sea-Scrolls-Qumran-Masada-Nahal-Hever-Nahal-Seelim-Wadi-Murabbaat-Masoretic-Greek-Hebrew-Aramaic

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Ancient Synagogue Literary Sources: Jews persecuting Christians ... ... Theophanes' work has the faults of an ascetic turned historian and writing in haste, yet it is better than most of the Byzantine chronicles. A Latin translation by Anastasius Bibliothecarius made between 873 and ... We have a direct line from Yose ben Halafta who authored Seder Olam Rabbah at Zippori to the corrupting of the Hebrew Bible at Zippori to the Mishnah at written at Zippori in 200 AD to the Tiberian Masoretes 250-900 AD who preserved the corruption down to the present day with their Masoretic Text manuscript that dates to 1008 AD. c. Add to the Zippori connection who would have had to be Zippori to study and learn Hebrew: "Aquila of Sinope (~130 AD) Gentile, converted then excommunicated as Christian, converted to Judaism: "Aquila's name must have been common in ... However, he was excommunicated [by Christians] since he refused to give up astrology. Out of resentment he underwent circumcision, devoting himself to learning Hebrew in order to translate the Bible into Greek with ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ancient-Synagogue-Archeological-Literary-Sources-Bible-Jesus-Israel-Judea-diaspora-first-century-oldest-pre70A-Justin-Martyr-patristic-apostolic-church-father-150ad.htm

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Petra, Jordan: Biblical Kadesh Barnea, Sela, Joktheel, En-mishpat ... ... Judges 1:36; K. 142:7; L. 279:71. No letter division in the Vatican Greek manuscript here. Procopius 1048B has Petra in Idumala (K. 102:23). On ... The other (true) Cades extends up to the desert of the Saracens." (The Onomasticon, Eusebius, 325AD) Of course the Bible does not say that ... may be indicated by "village" in Greek and "oppidum" in Latin (cf. K. 10:25). II Chronicles 20:2 identified Thamar with En Gedi or at least locates it in the district of En Gedi (86:16). Jerome in Hebrew Questions says, "his city which we now call Engaddi, is rich in ... Footnote #: 6: Ailam (Ailath). Genesis 14:1; K.6:17; L. 234:75. In the Vulgate we find Ailath, Elath, and Aila for this same site. Palestine is ... A bishop was present at Nicea. Eusebius uses some army source and the text is useful for noting the deployment of the Roman legion. The Tenth ... sanctity was retained through the successive changes of Pagan and Christian worship; and that the pilgrims of the Desert mounted these ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra.htm

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Sabbatatrians Refuted and Sabbath keepers Exposed: 2011 AD ... which differs from the AD 33 date accepted by most Christian scholars and which is supported better by historical and astronomical data. ... fourteenth days, we are entitled to believe that the original text also referred to the twenty-first and twenty-eighth days of the month." ... He cites the work of Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible (Charles Scribner Sons, New York, 1892-1902), the article, "On Sabbath: ... Elsewhere in VERDICT, we cite the work of Benner, a noted Hebrew language scholar. Benner says that the Hebrew language is impossible to translate accurately without an ... After the fall of the Middle Kingdom, the Hyksos introduced a solar year of 360 days according to a gloss on a manuscript of Timaeus. The ... Plutarch wrote that when Rome was first founded during the time of Romulus, the Roman year was 360 days. Various Latin authors record the ... This refers to the teaching of the various reformers-Wycliffe, Huss, Jerome, Luther, etc. And those "that understand among the people ... ... https://www.bible.ca/7-lying-for-god-Kerry-Wynne.htm

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Solomon's Fortress at Elat, Aqaba: Tell el-Kheleifeh and Jezirat ... ... including copper fishhooks and copper slag. "Although the Masoretic Text for 2 Kgs 16:6 reads: At that time Rezin king of ... Footnote #: 6: Ailam (Ailath). Genesis 14:1; K.6:17; L. 234:75. In the Vulgate we find Ailath, Elath, and Aila for this same site. Palestine is the southern part of Syria. This word is missing in the Vatican Manuscript. Technically the southern ... The Syriac text notes it is a city of the Philistines. The Greek allophulos usually means Philistines but once or twice we cannot be positive, so in this present translation the general term "foreigners" has been preferred, especially when Jerome ... Of course Anati's view must be rejected because it contradicts the Bible, since does not travel through Ezion-Geber at all! ... There are Christian (Crusader) and Muslim (Saledine) forts on the island that are hundreds of years old. "The Moslem caliph ... Saracens and Christians, as well as "French, English and Latin slaves who fished here for the profit of the Sudan."11 ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-ezion-geber-elat-aqaba.htm

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Nimrod and the Archaeology of the Tower of Babel by Steven Rudd ... ... 2. Paleo-Hebrew 1050-458 BC 90 3. Aramaic-Hebrew 458-AD 70 90 4. Masoretic-Hebrew AD 600-present. 90 CHAPTER 10: Uruk 3 Urban Expansion after ... they both founded Uruk!. 119 5. Nimrod and Enmerkar both share the same consonants in cuneiform and Hebrew: "NMR" 120 6. Etymology of Mt. ... Assemblages found at Ubaid, Uruk 2. Christian Archaeological Dating (CAD): The oldest possible archeological age can be no older than the ... When you get the chronology right, the cartography right and the archaeology right, you will get the Bible text right. What you read in the book you ... He acquired a high-resolution photograph from the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris, (Suppl. Gr. 1120) of the oldest extant manuscript fragment ... Nimrod was the first to seize despotic rule over the people (JEROME) and was a slave of ambition; he wanted to become a ruler and a king ... When people who think God talks to them attempt to translate the bible the result is unreliable. 4. The Greek Septuagint from Codex Vaticanus: ... ... https://www.bible.ca/nimrod/welcome.htm

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Joshua's Altar on Mt. Ebal and the Lead Curse Tablet ... the two phases." (A Nation Born book, Adam Zertal, Zertal's Manuscript: 1990 AD, published: 2018 AD) 7. Warning-Possible forgery: ... Currently the oldest Hebrew Bible text (Numbers 6:24-26) from Kuntillet Ajrud, predates the Ketef Hinnom silver scroll by 100-200 years, ... of Suez, at a location which is directly adjacent the turquoise mines of Serabit el-Khadim to pick up the Hebrew slaves who worked there. ... Ebal was Mountain of curses: The curse tablet confirms that Mt. Ebal was the mountain of curses, which agrees with the Masoretic Text, the Samaritan ... to bottom and bottom to top. "Ciasm" is a Latin transliteration of the Greek chiasma (χιασμα) referring to the Greek letter Χ (chi). ... Expiated from the curse comes through the blood of Christ. Become a Christian to escape the final curse. "Christ redeemed us from the curse ... But Eusebius and Jerome prefer to follow an anti-Samaritan location. The Madaba map hesitates between the two opinions and so locates Gebal ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-altar-of-joshua.htm

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Mt. Sinai located in Arabia: Galatian 4:25 ... Hermon], and Arabia (IX) [after AD 107] was not created until the early second Christian century. But this still leaves (VI) [Petra], (VII) [Felix], and (VIII) ... MASTER SUMMARY: 282 BC Septuagint: In 282 BC 70 top Hebrew scholars were sent from Jerusalem to Alexandria to translate the Torah from Hebrew into Greek at the ... to speak Hebrew in their worship services to an Aramaic and Greek speaking audience the same way Roman Catholics today use Latin in English speaking audiences. ... Septuagint substitutes "Rhinocolura" for "Brook of Egypt" in Isaiah 27:12 Masoretic Hebrew Text Septuagint Greek Text MT: "flowing stream of the Euphrates to the brook of Egypt." (Isaiah 27:12, MT) ... Perspective, Editor-Thomas E. Levy, p21, 2015 AD) c. "Pithom in the Bible can be identified with the only known settlement of the Ramesside Period in ... R. AD 400 Jerome: Egypt borders Judea: MASTER SUMMARY: AD 400 Jerome: Jerome said that Egypt borders Judea. "Judaea lies north of Egypt and south of Syria" ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-Mount-Sinai-in-Arabia-exodus-route-Nabatean-kingdom-territory-AretasIV-Arabia-Petrea-New-Testamt-Mt-Sinai-Lawz-Ishmael-Apostle-Paul-36AD-Galatians-4-25.htm

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Quattuordecim (XIV): Ezra Translated the Paleo-Hebrew manuscripts ... Quick links inside this document: 1. Preamble: Must read! 2. Introduction 3. Babylonian destruction of Paleo-Hebrew scripture manuscripts in 587 BC 4. Literary sources that Ezra produced a new set of Bible manuscripts: "Quattuordecim (XIV)" ... Ezra's Variant: Lev 26:31 change of singular "sanctuary" to plural "sanctuaries" d. Ezra's Variant: Deut 11:30 Deleted words "opposite Shechem" 8. Conclusion Ezra's Quattuordecim (XIV) Autograph manuscript of Hebrew pre-Masoretic text 458-445 BC Preamble: Notice that Ezra ... his name was prophesied 150 years earlier in Isa 45:1. Starting in 458 BC, Ezra and with the help of 13 other men, undertook to translate the extant Bible manuscripts of the Old Testament into the "Aramaic-Hebrew" (Square Hebrew) script. ... "Mt Gerizim and Ebal are opposite Gilgal, beside the oak of Moriah opposite Shechem" "Mt Gerizim and Ebal are opposite Gilgal, beside the oaks of Moreh" Many ancient Jewish and Christian literary sources like 2 Maccabees, 2 Esdras, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Quattuordecim-Ezra-translates-Bible-manuscripts-Paleo-Hebrew-Masoretic-Aramaic-square-corrupted-deliberate-anti-Samaritan-Mt-Gerizim-Ebal-Joshuas-Altar-458BC.htm

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The Samaritan Pentateuch (SP) Bible manuscript: Oldest and only ... The Samaritan Pentateuch SP The only Paleo-Hebrew Bible on earth Acquired from Josiah in 623 BC Quick links: 1. Preamble: must read first 2. 12 Quick facts about the Samaritan Pentateuch 3. Detailed outline on Samaritan history 4. Ancient literary sources that mention the Samaritans 5. The Text of the Samaritan Pentateuch is equal to the Masoretic and LXX 6. Samaritan Messianic expectation at the time of Jesus 7. Three ... Its time to thank the Samaritans for their respect for scripture! The Samaritan Pentateuch (SP) is the oldest Paleo-Hebrew Bible manuscript in the world. Although the extant copy is 1065 AD ... Genesis 5 BECAUSE of its inspired inclusion in Luke 3:36. This would be an example of a Christian using the common Jewish and Samaritan first century practice of Harmonising Alterations ... Not knowing the newly recovered fragment shown earlier but well aware of the Old Greek and Old Latin readings as well as the MT, Magnar Kartveit states: "The conclusion is that the `Gerizim' ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Samaritan-Pentateuch-SP-Bible-manuscripts-Old-Testament-Torah-Paleo-Hebrew-1362AD.htm

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Pseudo-Philo: 60 AD Creation in 5886 BC, Septuagint Chronology Genesis 5,11 Chronology: Septuagint vs. Masoretic Augustine the Jellyfish, accepts the two different sets of numbers as inspired. "For from Adam to the deluge there are reckoned, according to our copies of Scripture [Septuagint], 2262 years, and according to the Hebrew text, 1656 years." (Constantine, Aug., De civ. Dei 15.20.2) Introduction: 1. Augustine was a theological Jellyfish with poor logical skills who felt at ease in teaching things that directly contradicted the Bible. a. Augustine ... Dei 15.14.2) b. "Thus, in all, from the flood to Abraham, we have 1,072 years, according to the Latin translation of the Septuagint. It is said that in the Hebrew ... for anti-Christian purposes in 160 AD just like Ezra had done in 458 BC for anti-Samaritan purposes by changing the location of Joshua's alter from Mt. Gerizim to Mt Ebal. c. Notice that in both cases, you had the entire collection of Hebrew manuscripts in the hands of a small number of men who created a single manuscript that ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Augustine-of-Hippo-Chronology-Genesis5-Textual-variants-Bible-manuscripts-Old-Testament-Torah-Tanakh-Septuagint-Hebrew-400AD.htm

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Book of Job: Bible textual variants analysed "My word will accomplish what I desire and succeed in the purpose for which I sent it." (Isa 55:11) Steve Rudd November 2017 Textual Variants in the Book of Job: Bible textual variants ... To everyone who reads the story in the Masoretic Text, Job's wife simply didn't say enough to satisfy human curiosity, but that's how the Holy Spirit may have left it. The single statement of Job's wife in the Masoretic Text might be viewed as "test bait" to "abide within the word of God" that some ancient Hebrew scribe (possibly Ezra) found irresistible and added the words after he "snapped" under the midnight full moon. Perhaps ... Perhaps the book of Job was originally written in Aramaic or Arabic and LXX translators abridged the repetitive phrases and simply skipped sections that were difficult to translate. d. ... This early paraphrase largely follows the Hebrew text. Other versions, including the Syrian Peshitta (fifth-century) and the Latin Vulgate (fourth-century) are translations from the Hebrew ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Book-of-Job-Bible-Manuscript-Textual-Variants-Old-Testament-Tanakh-Septuagint-LXX-Masoretic-Text-MT-scribal-gloss-copying-error.htm

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Four Hebrew Scripts: Mosaic, Hieroglyphic, Paleo, Aramaic, square ... ... Their public religious services were not understood by the masses the same way Catholic Latin mass in the USA is. The people watch the ritual but have no idea what the Jewish High priests are saying. With ... We have only one Bible verse (Num 6:24) in Paleo-Hebrew dating to 701 BC known as the "Silver Scroll" c. We have portions of Bible books dating to c. 100 BC in Aramaic Hebrew. (Hebrew language using the Aramaic script) d. The oldest complete copy of the Old Testament (Tanakh) in Hebrew is the Masoretic text dating to 1008 AD. 4. History of Greek extant scripts and ... Up to this point, the Hebrews had no written script but were "verbal only" much like the current Indians of North America (until Christian missionary James Evans created their first alphabet in 1827 AD in ... The Masoretic manuscript (Codex Leningrad: 1008 AD) is the oldest extant complete copy of the Old Testament that underlies most modern Bibles today was written in "Masoretic Hebrew". Masoretic Hebrew ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-Hebrew-ancient-earliest-writing-Bible-scripts-alphabets-origin-Mosaic-heiroglyphic-Paleo-Aramaic-Masoretic-Jewish-Greek.htm

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Reasons why the Apocrypha does NOT belong in the Bible! This was in part because the Apocrypha contained material which supported certain Catholic doctrines, such as purgatory, praying for the dead, and the treasury of merit. Not one of them is in the Hebrew language, which was alone used by the inspired historians and poets of the Old Testament. Not one of the writers lays any claim to inspiration. These books were never acknowledged as sacred Scriptures by the Jewish Church, and therefore were never sanctioned by our Lord. They were not allowed a place among the sacred books, during the first four centuries of the Christian ... Pope Damasus (366-384) authorized Jerome to translate the Latin Vulgate. The Council of Carthage declared this translation as "the infallible and authentic Bible." Jerome was the first to describe the extra 7 Old Testament books as the "Apocrypha" (doubtful authenticity). Needless to say, Jerome's Latin Vulgate did not include the Apocrypha. Cyril (born about A.D. 315) - "Read the divine Scriptures - namely, ... ... https://www.bible.ca/catholic-apocrypha.htm

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Jacob enters Egypt with 70 or 75 persons: Exodus 1:5: Textual ... What is significant for the Christian is that Stephen is fully validated in his "75 persons" from the Septuagint, Philo and two Hebrew language Dead Sea scrolls which also record 75. Discussion: I. Primary Bible witness: 70 vs. 75 persons: 1. This is a complex issue because four places in the Bible the numbers 70 vs. 75 are referenced: a. The Masoretic Text (MT) reads 70 persons in all three old Testament Texts: Gen. 46:17; Ex 1:5; Deut 10:22 b. The Septuagint (LXX) reads 70 persons in one text: Deut 10:22 c. The Septuagint (LXX) ... the Greek copies of Josephus have the negative particle here, that Jacob himself was not reckoned one of the seventy souls that came into Egypt; but the old Latin copies want it, and directly assure us that he was one them. ... for two different Hebrew manuscripts in use at the same time long before the time of Christ that read 75 persons: a. This proves that the Greek Septuagint was translated in 282 BC with precision from a Hebrew manuscript. b. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Book-of-Exodus-1-5-Jacob-enters-Egypt-70-75-persons-Bible-Manuscript-Textual-Variants-Old-Testament-Tanakh-Septuagint-LXX-Masoretic-Text-MT-scribal-gloss-error.htm

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Aramaic: Native language of Jesus High Priest: Temple, Jerusalem Aramaic Hebrew Greek, Aramaic Syriac Aramaic Hebrew (Masoretic) Romans Greek Latin Septuagint 1. After the Babylonian ... in Matt. 8:5-13, and to "the woman of Canaan" in Matt. 15:22-28." (Bible and Spade, Vol. 7, No. 1, p 19, 1978 AD) 4. Jesus may have been fluent in Latin: a. Latin is the official administrative language of the Roman Empire and was not widely used by the public. b. Just as Hebrew was the official language of the "Jerusalem Temple elites" but not the ... Moshe Dothan, 1962-1969 AD) c. In Jerusalem, Nehemiah needed to translate the Hebrew scriptures into Aramaic so the Jews could understand it. "They ... In 410 BC, the Jewish Elephantine letters to Jerusalem were all written in Aramaic. e. "In the centuries before the Christian era Hebrew was replaced as the ... Jesus raised the little girl with the Aramaic words, "Talitha Cumi" (Mk 5:41). f. "16:18 Peter in the Greek text is Petros and rock is petra. Petros is a ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-default-working-language-Jesus-first-century-Aramaic-Greek-Hebrew-Latin.htm

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The Onomasticon by Eusebius (325AD) and the Exodus route ... to the desert of the Saracens." Of course the Bible does not say that Gerar is between Kadesh Barnea and Shur, but that Abraham lived there, then moved and sojourned near Gerar. ... It shows a revival in the fourth century A.D. as also does Oboda (Avdat, 'Abda, and K. 176:9).This may be indicated by "village" in Greek and "oppidum" in Latin (cf. K. 10:25). II Chronicles 20:2 identified Thamar with En Gedi or at least locates it in the district of En Gedi (86:16). Jerome in Hebrew Questions says, ... Another Ailam of the foreigners (of Palestine) is noted in Kings. Footnote #: 6: Ailam (Ailath). Genesis 14:1; K.6:17; L. 234:75. In the Vulgate we find Ailath, Elath, and Aila for this same site. Palestine is the southern part of Syria. This word is missing in the Vatican Manuscript. Technically the southern ... Eusebius does not indicate its size but it may be inferred that it was a polis. A bishop was present at Nicea. Eusebius uses some army source and the text is useful for noting ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-eusebius-onomasticon-323ad.htm

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Assumption, Testament of Moses: 10AD Jude 9 Michael Devil dispute ... The ending is completely lost (perhaps as much as one-third to one-half the original document), and the condition of the text is poor in many places (Priest). There are numerous gaps in the manuscript, and many words are illegible, as would be expected in a palimpsest, so that scholars must reconstruct the text at a number of places. The textual situation is complicated by the fact that the Latin is a translation of a Greek version, which is itself a translation from the original Semitic version (probably Hebrew, but ... But the tradition can be reconstructed from references to that account in a number of early Christian writings (see Bauckham, pp. 65-76). Satan laid claim to the corpse of Moses for his kingdom of darkness ... This shows that the Assumption of Moses is a genuine historic document of Jewish Thought in the first century, even though at this time, the Bible text before them in both Hebrew (proto-Masoretic) and Greek (Septuagint) both shared the same identical ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Assumption-Testament-of-Moses-Jude9-Chronology-Genesis5-Textual-variants-Bible-manuscripts-devil-body-Moses-Michael-archangel-creation-4221BC-age-earth-10AD.htm

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Kadesh Barnea is located at Petra, Beidha and Basta ... The other (true) Cades extends up to the desert of the Saracens." (The Onomasticon, Eusebius, 325AD) Of course the Bible does not say that Gerar is between Kadesh Barnea and ... It shows a revival in the fourth century A.D. as also does Oboda (Avdat, 'Abda, and K. 176:9).This may be indicated by "village" in Greek and "oppidum" in Latin (cf. K. 10:25). II Chronicles 20:2 identified Thamar with En Gedi or at least locates it in the district of En Gedi (86:16). Jerome in Hebrew Questions says, ... Another Ailam of the foreigners (of Palestine) is noted in Kings." Footnote #: 6: Ailam (Ailath). Genesis 14:1; K.6:17; L. 234:75. In the Vulgate we find Ailath, Elath, and Aila for this same site. Palestine is the southern part of Syria. This word is missing in the Vatican Manuscript. Technically the southern ... Eusebius does not indicate its size but it may be inferred that it was a polis. A bishop was present at Nicea. Eusebius uses some army source and the text is useful for noting ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea.htm

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Lists and Catalogues of Old Testament Canon Collections ... Ps. 15 (ca. 350-365, Poitiers). Jerome Jerome, Ep. 53.8 (ca. 394, Bethlehem, Palestine). Jerome Jerome, Praef in Lib. Sam. et Mal. (ca. 394, Bethlehem, Palestine). Ruftnus Rufinus, Comm. in Symb. ... Table C-3: Old Testament Lists from Important Uncial Manuscripts Ellipses (. . .) indicate losses or omissions in the manuscript. Vaticanus (B) Sinaiticus (N) Alexandrinus (A) (4th cent.) (4th ... Wis Sir Table C-4: Current Canons of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament This table is based on Appendix D of The SBL Handbook of Style (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1999), 168-71 Jewish The traditional number of books in the Jewish canon is twenty-four. Orthodox "Orthodox" here refers to the Greek and Russian Orthodox churches, the Slavonic Bible being the traditional text of the latter. In Orthodox Bibles, ... This order reflects current editions, such as the Jerusalem Bible and the New American Bible. The appendix of the Latin Vulgate contains 3 Esdras, 4 Esdras, and the Prayer of Manasseh. Protestant Torah: ... ... https://www.bible.ca/b-canon-OT-collections-macdonald.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Masada 78 BC ... agree with MT; Leviticus 8:31-11:40. (Mas-Lev) The text belongs to the Masoretic textual tradition as its readings ... section system are identical to MT; ... of a manuscript, which suggests that the Psalms at Masada may have been ordered similarly to the canonical psalter. The Masada manuscripts are written in Hebrew square script and are virtually identical to the MT (in wording as well as the divisions of the lines), except for slight differences in the Ezekiel text. (A student's guide to textual criticism of the Bible, Manuscripts at Masada, P. D. Wegner, p152, 2006 AD) 5. "In addition, scrolls that were not part of the Hebrew Bible were ... Sacrifice." (Lexham Bible Dictionary, Masada, 2016 AD) 6. "Masada provides us with the earliest Greek and Latin papyri, ostraca and tituli picti from Palestine. ... Josephus records that Titus, according to Jesus' faithful word, did withdraw for one week and it was at this time the last faithful Christian LEFT EVERYTHING BEHIND ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Masada-bible-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-genizah-Eleazar-ben-yair-manuscripts-papyrus-fragments-Hebrew-masoretic-78bc.htm

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Comparison list of 75 Joseph/Christ Shadows, Types, Antitypes ... ... We have one single bible verse found in the Silver benediction scroll of Numbers 25 which dates to about 701 BC. The oldest extant copies of any old testament manuscript is found in the Dead Sea scrolls which use “Aramaic Hebrew” not ... All this appears to be above Singer’s comprehension. b. “All the Greek copies of Josephus have the negative particle here, that Jacob himself was not reckoned one of the seventy souls that came into Egypt; but the old Latin copies ... Josephus, Philo, the Masoretic and the Septuagint all demonstrate a wide range of ways of computing who went down to Egypt. e. While Josephus uses 70 in agreement with the Masoretic Hebrew Text, he quotes the larger genealogical numbers in Gen 5 and 11 in agreement with the Septuagint. f. Hebrew and Greek manuscripts in the first century AD both contained both numbers (70 and 75) 2. When Rabbi Tovia Singer attacks Stephen in Acts 7 as mistaken in an effort to trash the Christian Bible, the conclusion is that the New ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/d-bible-archeology-maps-timeline-chronology-Joseph-types-Christ-Shadows-Antitypes-similarities-comparisons-2166-1876BC.htm

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The Samaritans: 720 BC The pagan half-Jews of the Old Testament ... ... The Abisha Scroll is only one manuscript among many that have become available to the scholarly community, and the last decades of the twentieth century witnessed an increase in scholarly interest directed ... Gerizim. i. As witnessed by Dead Sea Scroll, 4QDeuteronomyf Frag. 32-35, the text of the Paleo Hebrew bible at Deuteronomy 27:4 in 465 BC indeed says that Joshua built an altar on Mt. Gerizim. This is how the Paleo-Hebrew Samaritan Pentateuch, Exodus 12:14a-f reads today. ii. Vetus Latina: Old Latin translation of the Pentateuch also reads "Garzin" in codex 100 iii. ... Until recently, Scholars have wrongly viewed these variants as Samaritan corruptions, when in fact it was Ezra who corrupted the text of the Torah. b. This explains why the current Masoretic text and the ... Zeno and Justinian built churches on Garizein according to Procopius Buildings V, vii, 5-17. Excavation of this area is going on. But Eusebius and Jerome prefer to follow an anti-Samaritan location. The ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-samaritans.htm

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The Catholic Church did not Give the world The Bible! ... The Old Testament books were gathered into one volume and were translated from Hebrew into Greek long before Christ came to earth. The Septuagint Version was ... the Bible as it is, and feel the necessity of putting footnotes at the bottom of the page in effort to keep their subject from believing what is in the text? ... In the following we list some of the catalogues of the books of the Bible which are given by early Christian writers. 326. Athanasius, bishop at Alexandria, ... by Ufilas Jerome stated that in his work of revising the Old Latin he used a Greek Bible which belonged to Origen who lived in the early part of the third century Constantine, the emperor of Rome, at the end of the third century, ordered fifty copies of the Bible transcribed Origen, born A.D. 185 and died A.D. 254, named all the books of the Bible in his writings Eusebius, 270 A.D., lists all of the books of the NT Cyril, 315 A.D. to 386 A.D., lists all NT books, except Revelation Both the Vatican Manuscript ... ... https://www.bible.ca/cath-bible-origin.htm

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George Salmon's Infallibiliy of the church ... While the topical arrangement herein is mine, the text, with minimal editing and paraphrasing, is lifted directly from Salmon's lectures. Page references are ... Conversely, it may be used by the ignorant and unstable to pervert it to their own destruction. [117] a. If a Christian, reading the Bible for himself, puts upon ... than it would be now to find an English gentleman who does not know either Latin or French. The Bible was translated into Latin, because the Latin Church, in those days, wished ... Jerome: "This, because it has not authority from the Scriptures, is with the same easiness despised as approved." (In. Matth. xxiii.35.) "As we accept those ... Such a question as whether Matthew wrote in Hebrew or Greek appears to be not settled by tradition. Hermas appears to have been recognized as a prophet at Rome, ... The Council of Trent having stamped the Vulgate as "authentic," ordered that a correct edition of this authorized Vulgate should be published. But little was done ... ... https://www.bible.ca/cath-salmon-infallibility.htm

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Trinity proof texts: Philippians 2:5-8 ... Not only did he become a real man, but was like all other men, without exceptional privileges. Brown, Fitzmyer, Murphy, Jerome Biblical ... This is my view of this crux interpretum. · The notion of robbery is not the idea of Paul in spite of the Vulgate 'rapina' which itself is ... He was a man, " made in all parts like unto his brethren." Expositors Bible commentary, Philippians, Homer A Kent Jr., p 123 (Note: Kent takes ... with the Father and resolved not to cling to it. · Although the text does not directly state that Christ emptied himself "of something" ... and both represent the Hebrew word used in Genesis. · "But emptied himself" is a clear reference to Isa 53:12, He "poured out his soul". ... If we were to press this rule, we would need to translate each clause somewhat woodenly: for example, "having taken (or, after He had taken) ... 4:1-3). Paul appeals to them on the basis of their Christian experience to have unity of mind and heart and to put others ahead of themselves. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/trinity/trinity-texts-philippians2-6.htm

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Seven Myths Of Denominationalism! ... However, there are a set of beliefs which have come to be known as "traditional Christian beliefs." Certainly, we are not asserting that all of these ... Over and over again he responded, not with what he had the authority to dictate to them directly, but with the voice of scripture. Open your bible ... However, since He said "I am the God ..." this indicated that they were still alive (in spirit). 3. The difference in the Hebrew between "am" and "was" is based upon the presence or absence of one word; in the Greek manuscript that he quoted it ... Acts 15. While we will quote some of the most salient passages from this text, we urge the reader to review the entire chapter before proceeding. ... Those who seek biblical authority for the use of the word rapture state that the Latin root for the term caught up is the same as for our word ... And he laid [his] hands on them, and departed thence. Other versions translate "of such is" as "to such belong." Indeed, the kingdom of heaven is ... ... https://www.bible.ca/r-7-myths-of-denominationalism.htm

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