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1: Strabo 15 AD (Greek geographer)
Click to View Strabo 15 AD Introduction: Strabo was a Greek geographer who lived from 64 BC to 24 AD. Maps have been constructed from his writings, "Geography" and like all his predecessors, Eratosthenes, Herodotus, Hesiod and Hecataeus. Strabo (15 AD) is one of the few ancient cartographers who understood the gulf of Aqaba and gives us great insight into how Apostle Paul and Josephus viewed the Sinai Peninsula as NOT part of Arabia: "There is said to be a passage thence across, of 1260 stadia, to the city Aila (Aelana) [Elat], situated on the innermost recess of the Arabian Gulf [Red Sea]. This recess has two branches, one, in the direction of Arabia [south of Gulf of Aqaba] and Gaza [north of Gulf of Aqaba], is called Ailanites [Gulf of Aqaba], from the city upon it; the other is ... Strabo defines Arabia proper as being Transjordan: "Above [ie to the east: East-up map] Judæa and Cœle-Syria, as far as Babylonia and the river tract, along the banks of the Euphrates towards the south, ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-strabo-15ad.htm
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2: Mt. Sinai located in Arabia: Galatian 4:25
The Nabatean kingdom was entirely Transjordan with a capital city at Petra. It extended north to Damascus and ... of the Arabian Peninsula), and Arabia Deserta (roughly the rest of Arabia). The Romans would control Arabia until the rise of the Islamic Arabian Empires of the seventh century." (Lexham Bible Dictionary, Arabia, 2016 AD) "Arabia (IX) = Provincia Arabia-mostly Arabia Petraea and part of Arabia Ereme/Deserta: ... been the Nabatean kingdom (= Arabia of the Nabateans; Strabo, Geography 17.1.21), Provincia Arabia in the north ... took in the southern end of the Dead Sea, southern Transjordan as far as Aila/Aqaba, the Negev, and most of Sinai. ... Gen 37:27-28,36; 39:1; Judges 8:22-24 3. Arabia is associated with Kedar. Kedar is called "men of the east" Jer ... Midian is in Saudi Arabia not the Sinai Peninsula. 6. Josephus defines Arabia Felix (Happy) as where Hagar and ... The western shoreline of the Arabian gulf in Egypt and Ethiopia. c. Each of the three distinct geographic areas ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-Mount-Sinai-in-Arabia-exodus-route-Nabatean-kingdom-territory-AretasIV-Arabia-Petrea-New-Testamt-Mt-Sinai-Lawz-Ishmael-Apostle-Paul-36AD-Galatians-4-25.htm
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3: Herodotus 484 - 424 BC (Greek Geographer/historian)
Herodotus 484 - 424 BC (Flat Earth Greek Geographer & Historian) "And I laugh to see how many have before now drawn maps ... Herodotus was a Greek wrote his geographic histories around 484-424 BC. Herodotus is called the "Father of History" being ... Persia, stretches to the Red Sea, and is Persian land; and next, the neighboring land of Assyria; and after Assyria, Arabia; this peninsula ends (not truly but only by common consent) at the Arabian Gulf, to which Darius brought a canal from the Nile." (Hdt., Hist. 4.38.2-39.1) Herodotus never describes the Sinai Peninsula as Arabia. Both Herodotus and Strabo defined ancient Goshen as ... Digging began in the part of the Egyptian plain nearest to Arabia; the mountains that extend to Memphis (the mountains ... defeated the Syrians at Magdolus, taking the great Syrian city of Cadytis after the battle. (Herodotus, History ... Strabo defines ancient Goshen as Arabia. "The country between the Nile and the Arabian Gulf is Arabia, and at its ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-herodotus-484bc.htm
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4: Exodus Route: Men who misled the world away from truth
... He believes the exodus population is thousands not millions. 2. Beitzel defines the Sinai Peninsula as Arabia (Nabatea? Petra?) at the time of ... This refutes the fiction that the Sinai Peninsula was considered Arabia by Herodotus because the Arabian controlled seaports were flanked on ... They are call Arabian mountain because they flank the border with Arabia on the other side of the Red Sea (2.8.1-3; 2.124.2-3). Herodotus called Buto an Arabian town which was located near Alexandria. Strabo tells us that Alexandria was the final destination stop for Arabian goods shipped from Arabia and India by ship up the Arabian Gulf to Myos Hormos to Coptus ... Buto, Pithom and Rhinocolura were not Arabia, but towns populated and used by Arabs as part of their spice trade routes. New York City is not part of China because a section is called Chinatown. ... Pomponius Mela was a Roman geographer contemporary with Strabo and Paul who wrote his "De Chorographia" shortly after AD 43. He described Arabia ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/exodus/bible-archaeology-Exodus-Route-deception-Apion-Queen-Helena-Henry-Trumbull-Ron-Wyatt-Bob-Cornuke-Lennart-Moller-Jim-Caldwell-Ryan-Mauro-Gordon-Franz-David-Rohl.htm
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5: Kadesh-Barnea by Henry Clay Trumbull, 1884 AD
... 5 Num. 14: 1-34. Num. 14: 4; Neh. 9: 16, 17. 7 In Gen. 14: 7, it is called En-mishpat (33190 } #"), or Fountain of Judgment. ... O o unknown in the history of the world. 2 The Bible story says quered Babylonia. lie found in that city the statues of the gods ... the Canaanites to throw off the yoke of vassalage, and of the part performed by Abraham in aiding his kinsman Lot 1 against the ... in by mountain and desert and sea, was, and must continue to be, the one passable isthmus between Asia and Africa and Europe. ... It always formed (comp. Strabo XVI. 4, IS/.) the road marked out by nature itself, which, from the yElantic gulf, divides the boundless wilderness watered by the Nile and Euphrates; the medium of intercourse ... Lit., July, 1848, p. 82.) 3 "In fact they [of the Pentapolis] commanded the great route of Arabian com merce, and enriched ... Wilderness of Paran, or the central desert of the Sinaitic Peninsula. 1 It has been common to suppose that "El-Paran, which is by ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-henry-clay-trumbull-1884ad.htm
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6: Nuweiba Beach Red Sea crossing: Rejected, debunked, refuted
... gymnastics in defining the meaning of YAM SUPH. The Gulf of Suez, Gulf of Aqaba and the Arabian Gulfs are all called the "YAM SUPH". ... Bible students today do not suffer from this historic handicap of the missing Gulf of Aqaba and are now free to consider Mt. Sinai in Saudi ... The City of Pithom is Tell el-Retaba: located at in the Wadi Tumilat at the eastern shore of lake Goshen. c. This has devastating ... at either Ballah lake or Timsah lakes impossible because they were part of Goshen. 12. Long journey through the wilderness before reaching ... wilderness, destitute of any beaten road, at last arrived at the sea which is called the Red Sea." (Philo, On the Life of Moses 2:247) We can prove this ... the distant edge of the Sinai peninsula wilderness as opposed to the beginning edge of the Sinai peninsula wilderness near the Suez canal. ... Such a journey which would take at least 5 days on horseback. Fritz's training as a geographer leads him to misdefining "migdol" as a ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-ruling-out-candiates-excluding-red-sea-crossing-points-kadesh-barnea.htm
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7: Maps: Agatharchides 169 BC: Petra and the Wilderness of Shur
No Arabians lived in the modern Sinai Peninsula. Dictionary of Ancient Place names: 1. Arabia Nabataea = Arabia Petra located ... gulf = Gulf of Suez 7. Idumeans = Idoumaia = Edomite Jewish proselytes living in the Judean Negev. 8. Nabatea = Nabatæa = Nabatean Kingdom = one of many Arab tribes in Arabia Felix 9. Petra = capital city of the Nabatean Kingdom in the district of Arabia Felix. Introduction: 1. Agatharchides, was a Greek historian and geographer who lived in Cnidus about 169 BC, wrote a book called "On the Erythraean Sea." (Red Sea). a. In this book, Agatharchides describes Arabia as ... of Agatharchides have been reconstructed from three other ancient authors: Diodorus (49 BC), Strabo (15 AD), Photius (897 AD). a. ... The Arabian Peninsula mattered greatly: "The merchants, dock workers and shopkeepers of Alexandria profited nicely from the massive ... is filled with rocky peaks of various heights, but the part that extends towards the sea is narrow and long. (Agatharchides ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-red-sea-agatharchides-of-cnidus-on-the-erythraean-sea-169bc.htm
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8: Claudius Ptolemy "Geography" 150 AD
Ptolemy did not understand the Gulf of Aqaba very well and 16th century map makers perpetuated the distortions in Ptolemy's work. Since AD 1600, ignorance of the Gulf of Aqaba has hindered research into considering a Red Sea ... but does not include the large central desert of the Arabian Peninsula which Strabo included in his definition. Strabo restricted Arabia Felix to the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula above which was Arabia Deserta. 4. In 4.5.12-16 Ptolemy defines the eastern borders of Egypt. a. Ptolemy defines the ... between Pelusium, Heroon/Arsinoe [Port of Suez] and Gaza to all be part of Egyptian territory. Ptolemy considered Rhinocolura and Raphia to be part of Egypt in AD 150. Before AD 50 and at the time of Strabo, Rhinocolura was an Arab controlled port city for the Arabic trade route. ... The so-called Melana mountains extend from the recess of the gulf at Pharan toward Judaia. West of these mountains toward Egypt extends Sarakene; below this is Mounychiatis; ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-ptolemy-150ad.htm
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9: The Exodus Route: A scriptural proof, with the witness of history ...
... Biblical Kadesh Barnea at Petra 12. Without the Gulf of Aqaba, the Sinai Peninsula becomes Arabia. 13. How Paul, Josephus, Strabo and Herodotus defined Arabia 14. Ishmael Is ... Notice however, this was all Moses knew at the time. Even while standing on the shore of the Red Sea, Moses had no idea that God would part the waters until God told him. And ... canal [Suez Canal] also, which empties itself into the Red Sea, or Arabian Gulf, near the city Arsinoë, which some call Cleopatris. It flows through the Bitter Lakes, as they are called, which were bitter formerly, but when the above-mentioned canal was cut, the bitter quality was altered by their junction with the river, and at present they contain excellent fish, and abound with aquatic birds." (Strabo 17.1.25) The Gulf of Aqaba: Exod 23:31; Num 14:25; 21:4; ... border of Judah 100 km north, ignoring the fact that the Bible clearly defines the southern border of the promised land as the Wadi El-Arish or the River of Egypt (Gen 15:18). ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route.htm
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10: Paul said Mt. Sinai was in Saudi Arabia: Gal 4:25
Arabia is associated with Kedar. Kedar is called "men of the east" Jer 49:28. Kedar was the son of Ishmael, who intermarried with the Midianites and lived south east of the Dead Sea. "These are their genealogies: the firstborn of Ishmael ... western shoreline of the Arabian gulf in Egypt and Ethiopia. c. The three distinct geographic areas outlined by Josephus which correspond to one of Abraham's wives marks Mt. Sinai in Arabia Felix. 2. Josephus defines Arabia Happy as where Hagar ... Josephus is the only ancient geographer to say that Midian at the Wilderness of Shur, was the land of Troglodytis because he ... In the vicinity of this modern city of Chegra, however, to which the Hagar/Ishmael traditions seem to be related, is also the ... Not until around the fourth century C.E. was it located on the peninsula that is known to us as Sinai. The writers of "the five ... Sinai in the Sinai Peninsula, but did not believe that the modern Sinai Peninsula was part of Arabia. This creates a problem for ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-mt-sinai-arabia-gal-4-25.htm
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11: The Onomasticon by Eusebius (325AD) and the Exodus route
Sinai, the wilderness of Paran and Wilderness of Shur were all Transjordan. This means that the Sinai peninsula was part of Egypt, according to Eusebius. In Eusebius 325 AD, wrote a dictionary of geographic places called, "the Onomasticon". Onomasticon is derived from the Greek: "book or list of names" Onomasticon is like a modern dictionary where you look up a name of a place and he defines ... It is also located on the Madaba Map on the southern shore of the Dead Sea. This proves that from the time of Josephus to the time of the Madaba Map in 550 AD, everyone placed Kadesh at Petra. The wilderness of Paran is equated with the desert of the Saracens and the Arabian Desert. ... Eusebius also calls "Petra a city of Arabia" because the Romans annexed everything from Petra to Egypt and called it Arabia in 106 AD. The capital city of this ... Musa and looked south at the "lands of the Saracens" she could see with the naked eye, the true Mt. Sinai (Mt. Al-Lawz), across the gulf of Aqaba. But the ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-eusebius-onomasticon-323ad.htm
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12: bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt ...
Eratosthenes lived from 276 BC - 194 BC and was head librarian the great library at Alexandria. Eratosthenes is called the "father of geography" since he coined the word ... knowledge of the Sinai Peninsula, Gulf of Suez and Aqaba. As you can see from the map that was drawn by following his writings, he saw the Red Sea as a single finger of water. But notice he places Arabia far south and away from Egypt. This is Strabo's account in 15 AD of what Eratosthenes said about Arabia: "But I return to Eratosthenes, who next sets forth his opinions concerning Arabia. He says concerning the northerly, or desert, part of Arabia, which lies between Arabia Felix [Yemen] and Coelê-Syria [east of Jordan] and Judaea, extending as far as the recess of the Arabian Gulf, that from the City of Heroes, [Heroönpolis ... Such, then, is Eratosthenes' account of Arabia; but I must also add the accounts of the other writers." (Strabo, Geography, 15 AD) "The southern Sinai peninsula, which was only ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-eratosthenes-200bc.htm
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13: Exodus Route Maps: Old, Ancient, Antique, Vintage and Modern ...
Musa in the middle of the Sinai Peninsula. First they argue that the Sinai Peninsula is not controlled by Egypt or part of Egypt. This contradicts the ... The land east of Goshen in Egypt was called Arabia." The problem is that they failed to look at the map themselves and notice that the Gulf of Aqaba is missing and the Sinai Peninsula does not exist. This is because the Gulf of Aqaba is missing and the Sinai Peninsula were not understood until about 1800 AD. Today we can prove from scripture that the Red sea crossing is somewhere on the Gulf of Aqaba into Arabia which forces Mt. Sinai to be ... His comments that lead some to put "Arabia in Egypt" are rather simple to explain: 1. "Arabian cities" in the Nile Delta are merely Arab immigrants who formed a majority population in a city inside Egypt. There is a "China Town" in ever major city, ... The best choice for the location of Mt. Sinai it Mt Lawz, in north Saudi Arabia. 15 AD: Strabo More: Strabo: 15 AD Strabo is one of the few ancient ... ...
https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-maps.htm
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14: The Exodus Route: Elim (Nabatean Leuke Kome, Onne, Aynuna)
... Goods from southern Arabia and India would arrive by ship and were offloaded. Strabo described how goods were transported from Arabia to the port city of Leuke Kome, which is the Biblical Elim at Ain Ounah (Aynuna) to Petra then Rhinocolura. Ancient maps (c. AD 1600) may have called it "Onne or Omne". A 25% tax was levied by the ... canal of the Nile, and to Alexandria." (Strabo, Geography 16.4.24) c. "Eudaimon Arabia [Arabia Felix] is bounded on the north by the designated border of Arabia Petraia [Arabia Petra] and of Arabia Deserta; on the northeast by a part of the Persian gulf; on the west by the Arabian gulf; on the south by the Red Sea; on the east by that part of the Persian gulf and the sea, which extends from the entrance to this gulf as far as the Syagros promontory. ... The Greek sailor wrote at the time of Paul that "Arabia" was to the south of the Gulf of Aqaba down the entire length of the coast of the Arabian Gulf. He excluded the Sinai Peninsula from his definition of ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-elim.htm
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15: The Exodus Route: The Archaeology of Mt. Lawz as Mt. Sinai
... Most notably is the fact that 72 literal hours (three days and three nights) was called four days by Cornelius (Acts 10:3+9+23+24+30). c. In non-inclusive counting, three ... (Shavuot) for the giving of the Torah" (Midrash, Tanḥuma C, Derech Hashem, Part Four, On Divine Service and the Calendar, Manuscript C, 1735 AD) 11. The 47-day ... B. Why Mt. Sinai is at Mt. Lawz: 1. Since almost every geographer from AD 1000-1700 had no concept of the Gulf of Aqaba or the Sinai Peninsula, this forced the idea that they crossed the red sea at the northern tip of the Gulf of Suez. 2. Josephus said that the tribe of Simeon bordered with both Arabia ... narrowest of all, by reason of the goodness of the land; for it included Jericho and the city of Jerusalem." (Josephus Antiquities 5.80-82) 3. Apostle Paul taught that Mt. ... The Nabateans never occupied any part of the Sinai Peninsula. d. At the time of Apostle Paul, the Sinai Peninsula was Egyptian/Ptolemaic not Arabian. 4. Find Ishmael, find ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-mt-sinai.htm
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16: Petra, Jordan: Biblical Kadesh Barnea, Sela, Joktheel, En-mishpat ...
... This reinforces why it is called, "Petra". Both the Rock that Moses struck and the resulting flow of water are ancient ... of excavation, only one percent of the city has been investigated." (How Petra was Built, Shaher M. Rababeh, 2005, p28) b. ... universal choice of location on all Bible maps because it is the largest spring in the Sinai Peninsula for a 100 km radius. ... Although we can prove from Tell el-kheleifeh, that sea levels are unchanged, the water table levels have dropped dramatically since the Exodus. d. Even during the time of Christ there were many springs flowing at Petra. In 15 AD, Strabo: "The ... as the Bible says, you reach the real "assent of Akrabbim", turn right and drive due south towards the Gulf of Aqaba. ... in 1812 AD by John Lewis Burckhardt: "The Anglo-Swiss geographer and traveler John Lewis Burckhardt 'rediscovered' Petra ... Part II: Sources who affirm Kadesh is at Petra: It is moreover one of the few facts localised by anything like an authentic ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra.htm
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17: The border Between Judah and Egypt: River of Egypt, Wadi el-Arish ...
... Then follows another continuous tract of this kind as far as Casius; and then one comes to Pelusium." (Strabo, Geographia, XVI,2,31-32) ... Arish: Arish is the modern seaport city at the mouth of the Wadi el-Arish. Wadi el-Arish means: "River of Arish". A wadi dries up for part of ... routes that crossed from Timna over to Egypt through the modern Sinai Peninsula. It was a heavily traveled and guarded route by the Egyptians. ... Timna and Egypt. 8. We know that the promised land did not originally extent all the way down to the Red Sea (Gulf of Aqaba). Now we know the reason! ... ... ] towards the country ... which is called in the language of the people of Nubia (Kûsu) and Egypt (Muṣur).... I called up the numerous army of Ashur which was stationed in.... In the month of Nisanu, the first month (of the year), I departed from my city Ashur. ... The striking change, of course, is that Gaza is in the hands of an Arabian. Cambyses had found this Arabian king in control of Kadytis (Gaza) ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-southern-border-judah-territory-river-of-egypt-wadi-el-arish-tharu-rhinocolu.htm
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18: bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rami-g-khouri-petra ...
Rami G. Khouri Petra : a guide to the capital of the Nabataeans, 1986 AD page 11 PART TWO A historical introduction to the land of Edom, the ... It is possible that this sacred precinct was first used as a Nabataean necropolis, before becoming a magnificent capital city by the 1st ... The Assyrian records during the 8th-6th centuries BC mention Aramaic and/or Arab people called the 'Nabatu', the 'Nabaieteans', or the ... associating the Nabataeans with the Qedarites, the most powerful Arabian tribe in this area between the 8th and 5th centuries BC. By the 4th ... BC. They prospered at first from livestocking, trade with southern Arabia, and extracting bitumen from the Dead Sea for export to Egypt. ... This report of Nabataean piracy, probably on the Red Sea, is corroborated by the Roman writer Strabo. Professor Glen Bowersock has suggested ... the former Crusader fortresses at Petra. The Arab geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi in 1225 lists castles named Al-Wu'eira and Sela, near Wadi Musa. ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rami-g-khouri-petra-a-guide-to-the-capital-of-the-nabataeans-1986ad.htm
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19: Great Edict of Horemheb Harmhab, Horemheld THARU 1348-1320 BC
It has been copied and published very inaccurately by Bouriant, Recueil, VI, 41 ff.; important corrections, which unfortunately include only part of the inscription, by Piehl, Zeitschrift für ... The fact that Arish was an Egyptian prison town from the time of the Exodus down to Paul, is utterly devastating to those who say the Sinai was not Egypt proper. The port city of Arish was in fact the far eastern border of Egypt at the Wadi el-Arish. It always has been. Any Mt. Sinai located in the Sinai Peninsula is impossible because the entire Peninsula was "inside Egypt" and under Egyptian control. Only a Mt. Sinai in Arabia, on the other side of the Gulf of Aqaba is outside Egypt entirely. 1. The Wadi el-Arish flows into the Mediterranean Sea at Arish. Arish was called Tharu in 1446 BC ... of the disgraceful condition of their faces." (Strabo, Geogr. 16.2.31, reporting event in 218 BC) 5. Notice that Strabo reports even in 15 AD, that it was the Egyptians who settled the criminals. ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-southern-border-wadi-el-arish-tharu-great-edict-of-horemheb-1300bc.htm
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20: Philo of Alexandria 50 AD (Jewish philosopher)
Whereas Philo's Greek predecessors, Eratosthenes, Herodotus, Hesiod and Hecataeus, (with the exception of Strabo who understood the Gulf of Aqaba) ignored Israel, Philo focused on Israel. b. Philo was just one ... the holy city [Jerusalem] I must now say what is necessary. It, as I have already stated, is my native country, and the metropolis, not only of the one country of Judaea, but also of many, by reason of the colonies which it has sent out from time to time into the bordering districts of Egypt, Phoenicia, Syria in general, and especially that part of it which is called Coelo-Syria, and ... the pit and sold him to them." (Philo, Joseph 15) 5. Philo describes the route to the Red Sea crossing as "a long and desolate journey through the wilderness, destitute of any beaten ... This not only rules out the Bitter Lakes and a North Suez crossing point, it also proves Mt. Sinai cannot be in the Sinai Peninsula. A. Red Sea crossing: Philo's description of the Red Sea ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-philo-of-alexandria-50ad.htm
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21: The Madaba map (mosaic floor) 542 AD St. George's Orthodox church ...
Historically, at the time of the Exodus and conquest, 1406 BC, Madaba and Mt. Nebo were part of the territory of Moab. Isa 15:2; Num 36:1; Deut 32:49. Click to View In 542 AD, ... territory was from Aroer, which is on the edge of the valley of the Arnon, with the city which is in the middle of the valley and all the plain by Medeba;" Joshua 13:16 "So ... Qudeirat should be located close to the large red text, "lot of Simeon". (see above) 3. The sea port for where the Wadi el-Arish empties into the Mediterranean sea is called el-Arish. .../eastern border of the promised land. 7. This proves that the modern Sinai Peninsula was under the control of Egypt and considered Egyptian territory, just as it is today. ... To complicate matters, it is well documented that geographers from the time of Herodotus (450 BC) right up to the 17th century AD, had almost no concept of the Gulf of Aqaba. The Madaba map, in fact, looks exactly like the map of Herodotus below. Even Strabo in 15 AD , ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-madaba-map.htm
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22: Historical search for Kadesh Barnea from 1000 BC - Present
The Scriptures as a whole teach, along with geographic analysis, that the Hebrews crossed the Red Sea on the Gulf of Aqaba, specifically at the Straits of Tiran. b. The scriptures teach ... The Romans annexed Petra and renamed it Arabia. Petra became the capital city of Roman Arabia. Josephus and Eusebius all refer to Petra at Arabia. The Modern Sinai peninsula was never called Arabah. Yet Paul said Mt. Sinai was located in the land of Arabah (Gal 4:25) proving Mt. Sinai could not be located where most people say it is today. Philo of Alexandria (50 AD) Philo describes the route to the Red Sea crossing as "a long and ... Its rock-hewn caves may have served in part for the dwellings, in part for the graves of the Israelites." (Sinai and Palestine, in connection with their history, Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, ... We had seen nothing like it [at Qedeis] since leaving Wady Fayran" (Kadesh-Barnea, Ein-Qedeis, Henry Clay Trumbull, 1884) Schwarz said: "Kadesh-Barnea. No geographer or traveller has ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-historical-search.htm
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23: Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph ...
... Kadesh-barnea is also described in Josh 15:3 as a site on the southern border of Judah and in Num 20:16 as a city on the border of Edom. In Gen 14:7 it is called by its (possibly original) name of `Ein Mishpat. The Identification of ... At first the search for Kadesh-barnea focused on the Arabah, the deep, desolate geological fissure extending from the south end of the Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba. It was assumed that the Arabah ... While not specifically equating this tell with the biblical site, he felt that Kadeshbarnea was located assuredly in this region. 94 BIBLICAL ARCHEOLOGIST / SPRING 1981 Eastern part of ... been inspected by Woolley and Lawrence in 1914. C. S. Jarvis, the Governor of the Sinai Peninsula during the British Mandate, had settled bedouin in the valley in which the tell was ... In view of the activist policies of the Judean king Uzziah (ca. 784-733 B.C.E.), who, as described above, regained control of Edom, undertook campaigns against the North Arabian tribes, ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-excavations-at-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-ba-1976-1982ad.htm
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24: bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rolalyn-maqsood-petra ...
... According to the Genesis narrative, the first-born son of Abraham's niece Milcah was called Uz (Gen. 11:27,29). According to Josephus (Jewish Antiquities l.vi.4) Uz founded Trachonitis ... The Qur'an is also a source of story and legend about the peoples who dwelt in and around the Petra region. Although they do not play anything like as significant a part in this text as ... The luxury produce of India and China was much in demand on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean. Merchandise was brought by ship through the Straits of Hormuz in the Persian Gulf, to ... However, since most ships from the East could not sail against the very strong winds in the Red Sea, merchants regularly unloaded their goods on the Arabian peninsula, and carried them up the eastern shore by camel straight to Petra. To the west of ... Outsiders were refused entry to the Petra basin and it became the storing 'place for plunder. As the trade route by-passed the actual city site this was quite easy to do. Eventually, ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rosalyn-maqsood-petra-a-travelers-guide-1994ad.htm
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25: The Ascent of Akrabbim: (Ascent of Scorpions)
There are two reasons for this choice. a. First, the Bible says that the Ascent of Akrabbim is north of, but not part of the wilderness of Zin. Joshua 15:3 (Kadesh Barnea was in the wilderness of Zin). b. Second, Judges 1:36 defines the territory of the Amorites during the period of the judges ... Today, this route is the only modern highway (Highway #60) for cars between the Arabah Valley and the plateau in modern Jordan between the Dead sea and the Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea). Jordanian ... The tortuous road wound down to the Zin Valley - some twists were stairs quarried into the rock - through Ma'ale Zafir, also called Roman Ma'ale Aqrabim, after its Biblical name ... rock and upward," to refer to the city Selah, mentioned in 2 Kings 14:7, which was also called Joktheel, and at a later period Petra, and which is also found in this Al Gor; and this leads us to place the ascent of Akrabbim northward of Selah or Petra.] Kadesh-Barnea. ??? ???? No geographer or traveller has hitherto ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ascent-of-akrabbim.htm
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26: The Sinai Peninsula has always been Egyptian territory.
Only when they crossed the Red Sea at the Straits of Tiran! The modern Sinai Peninsula has always been controlled by Egypt as far east as the Wadi el-Arish. Introduction: 1. Josephus said the Sinai Peninsula was Egyptian territory: a. "The lot of Simeon (inside Judah), which was the second, included that part of Idumea [Edom] which bordered upon Egypt and Arabia." (Josephus, Antiquities 5.82) 2. The modern Sinai Peninsula has always been Egyptian territory and under Egypt's control: a. The Sinai Peninsula is called "The Wilderness of Egypt". b. The Sinai Peninsula was not some "unclaimed" land ... Only in the land of Goshen, where the sons of Israel were, there was no hail." (Exodus 9:25-26) 3. The north end of the Gulf of Suez was "outside the territory of Egypt" "So the Lord shifted the ... Today we would say, "He left the land of Tennessee to live in the land of New York. In the same way we notice that the land of Goshen was a city suburb within the country of Egypt. The Hebrews and ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-egypt-border-territory-sinai-peninsula-out-of-egypt.htm
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27: Egeria 381 AD and Mt. Sinai
exodus route in 381-384 AD. Egeria went to the Sinai Peninsula and Mt. Musa where it has been placed on every map since. Egeria seemed to follow the Septuagint in Gen. 46:34 in her diary, by saying Goshen was in Arabia: "I desired therefore that we should go from Clysma to the land of Goshen, that is, to the city called Arabia, which city is in the land of Goshen. The whole territory is called after the city, the land of Arabia, the land of Goshen, although it is part of Egypt. It is much better land than all the rest of ... The Saracens were Arabs who lived in Saudi Arabia and not in the modern Sinai Peninsula. Notice Egeria, who lived 50 years after Eusebius wrote his Onomasticon, defines the Saracens as being at a great distance from Mt. Musa. She ... From there we were able to see Egypt and Palestine, the Red Sea and the Parthenian Seaf (the part that takes you to Alexandria), as well as the vast lands of the Saracens-all unbelievably far below us. All this was pointed out to ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-egeria-381ad.htm
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28: Josephus 110 AD. Kadesh Barnea at Petra
If someone told you that a book was written in 1975 AD and in the book it describes how a band of Muslim Terrorists drove two airplanes into the twin trade towers of New York City, you would know that the book must have ... He describes in great detail the exodus and the crossing of the red sea. However it seems unusual that these accounts have no geographic data attached to them from his day. Josephus in refuting Apion, actually hurts those who attempt to make Paul's statement of Mt. Sinai being in Arabia. (Gal 4:25) Notice that Apion did not believe that the modern Sinai Peninsula was part of Arabia: "Moses went up to a mountain that lay between Egypt and Arabia, which was called Sinai" (Josephus, Against Apion 2-3) See our page on Apion for more. A. Josephus ... Now, for all these sons and grandsons, Abraham contrived to settle them in colonies; and they took possession of Troglodytis, and the country of Arabia the Happy, as far as it reaches [north] to the Red Sea [Gulf of ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-josephus-110ad.htm
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29: The Exodus Route: Baal Zephon
The Exodus Route: Baal Zephon Click to View Baal Zephon "Lord of the North" Mt. Tiran was cult mountain of worship. In AD 15, Strabo called Tiran "Seal Island" (Strabo 16.4.18) Click to View Exodus Route home page Click to View Excluded Exodus Routes: Nuweiba Beech, Bitter lakes, Gulf of Suez, Mt. Musa, Mt. Karkom, Ein el-Qudeirat. Click to View Overview map ... Tiran is located on Tiran Island, Saudi Arabia. a. "Baal-zephon" means literally: "lord of the north". (Baal = lord + zephon = north.) b. Baal-zephon was a clearly visible marker across the Red Sea. c. The ... Duck Country [Island of Tiran] itself lies near a very thickly wooded promontory [peninsula]. If one sights along a straight line drawn through it, the line would extend to the so-called Rock [Petra] and ... The Israel Red Sea camp was below the Egyptian military Migdol's watchful eye, at the part of the tri-intersection of the three Gulfs which were directly opposite Baal-Zephon. Geographic reference Israelite ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-baal-zephon.htm
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30: Solomon's Fortress at Elat, Aqaba: Tell el-Kheleifeh and Jezirat ...
... The modern sea port is located directly over top of the one Solomon built. Notice that Ezion Geber is on the shore in the land of Edom: 1 Kings 9:26; 2 Chron 8:17. This means that Ezion Geber was located transjordan in modern Jordan and not in the modern Sinai Peninsula. We know this, because the Edomites never lived in the Negev until after the Babylonian captivity of 586 AD. Therefore, Ezion Geber was located on the east shore of the Gulf of Aqaba. Ezion Geber is probably not discovered yet, or is under modern the city of modern Aqaba, Jordan. The fortress at Tell el-Kheleifeh was built on a hill 500 meters from the ... A detachment of the Tenth Roman Legion is stationed there. Properly called Aila today (it was formerly pronounced Ailath) from whence the ancient people the Ailamites whose king was ... Genesis 14:1; K.6:17; L. 234:75. In the Vulgate we find Ailath, Elath, and Aila for this same site. Palestine is the southern part of Syria. This word is missing in the Vatican ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-ezion-geber-elat-aqaba.htm
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31: Septuagint 250 BC: Goshen of Arabia
The Massoretic Hebrew text of the Old Testament (1000 AD) does not add the words "of Arabia". The Romans renamed the Sinai Peninsula "Arabia" only after 106 AD. "The degree of correspondence ... This error was due to the fact that ancient geographers of the time did not even understand the Gulf of Aqaba existed. Had they knew their geography better, they never would have called this ... The Septuagint (LXX) was translated in Alexandria, Egypt around 250 BC and we know from Herodotus that several towns deep in the Nile Delta of Egypt near the great Pyramids were called "Towns of Arabia". Herodotus knew full well that Arabia proper was nowhere near Egypt. His comments that lead some to put "Arabia in Egypt" are rather simple to explain: "Arabian cities" in the Nile Delta are merely Arab immigrants who formed a majority population in a city inside Egypt. There is a "China Town" in ever major city, but we all know where China is not. 2. The references to the "Arabian Sea" and the ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-septuagint-250bc.htm
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32: The Exodus Route: Wilderness of Shur
Introduction: 1. The place where the Midianites, Kenites and Ishmaelites lived was in the Wilderness of Shur. The capital city of Midian was at modern Al- Bad. a. The Midianites and the Ishmaelites ... On one hand they all know that Ishmael lived in modern Saudi Arabia, yet on the other, they say Mt. Sinai is Mt. Musa in modern Sinai Peninsula. This is a contradiction. They entered the Wilderness of Shur after crossing the Red Sea and if Shur is where historic domain of the Ishmaelites, and the Ishmaelites live east of the Gulf of Aqaba, then Mt. Sinai must be in Modern Saudi Arabia. ... Lawz], but the part that extends towards the sea is narrow and long. (Agatharchides of Cnidus, On the Erythraean Sea 169 BC, translated by Stanley M. Burstein, 1989, book 5, fragment 88. Photius 897 ... All of them dwelt in the Midianite desert and kept cattle, themselves living in tents. There are also those farther away who are not of their tribe, but of that of Iektan, the so-called Amanites, that ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-wilderness-of-shur-ishmaelites-midianites-amalekites.htm
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33: The Exodus Route: Red Sea Crossing
... The point here is that Paul argues that the Israelites were a type of full immersion, with water on both sides like city walls, and a cloud of water vapour over top of their heads. Paul says that just as Israel was saved when they were ... Judge 11:16 Those who believe Israel crossed at the north tip of the Gulf of Suez fail to harmonize the sequence of "Wilderness travel before Red Sea". They trace the route due south from Goshen towards the western side of the Gulf of Suez, then cross over into what is traditionally called the Sinai peninsula where they travel in the wilderness to the traditional Mt. Sinia at Jebel Musa (St. Catherine's Monastery). Some "north Gulf of Suez crossing advocates attempt to harmonize the "Wilderness before the Red Sea ... The fact remains that from 1500BC up to the completion of the New Testament, the land west of the River of Egypt was considered part of Egypt. Sure Egypt proper was west of the Nile, but this area was an Egyption protectorate. The Romans ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-goshen-red-sea.htm
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34: The Exodus Route: Goshen and Ramses
... The Wadi Tumilat was Goshen at the time of the Exodus. b. "The land of Goshen is generally identified with the area around Wadi Ṭumilât, a 56 km. (35 mi.) fertile strip of land connecting the eastern part of the Nile River Delta with ... During the 430 years of Egyptian captivity, the Hebrews enjoyed great prosperity because Goshen included the lake at Wadi Tumilat which intercepted imported goods from the Red Sea. Likewise Rameses (Tel el Dab'a) intercepted goods as an end port for the coastal trade route called the Way of the Philistines. During the Babylonian captivity, the Arabians moved into key trading city locations like Rhinocolura/Arish and Goshen. During the Persian kingdom Darius I dug the Suez canal through the Wadi Tumilat from the Nile river at Bubastis down to the Gulf of Suez. This became a major trade route which the Arabians came to dominate. Herodotus in 484 BC records how Pithom was populated by Arabians. "Arabian town of Patumus [Pithom, Tell el-Retaba]" ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-goshen.htm
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35: Sinai and Palestine, in connection with their history: Kadesh ...
not be confounded with the more celebrated valley of the same name in the Peninsula of Sinai.) It was about four hours after leaving the entrance of Wady ... The wide opening to the sea is also visible from hence, though not the sea itself. In the midst of these hills, or rather of the undulations formed by their summits, all intersected by lesser watercourses, is one broad watercourse, running from east to west, called Wady Howar, i.e., the division." It is this which Sheykh Mohammed declares to be the water-shed, and which, he maintains, "shuts out" the waters of the Gulf of 'Akaba from side to side. XV.-APPROACH TO PETRA. The whole prospect changes ... tribes, Petra will have lost half its interest; but now the failures and dangers are sufficiently recent to form part of the first impression of the place. ... the very plain of our encampment, at the entrance of the pass, travellers with our own dragoman were driven back last year without even a glimpse of the famous city. ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-arthur-penrhyn-stanley-sinai-and-palestine-in-connection-with-their-history-1856ad.htm
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36: Timna
Since Jezirat Faraun is not located in Edomite territory, it cannot be Ezion-Geber which was located under the modern shipping yards of Aqaba, Jordan. Click to View Timna is often called "Solomon's ... There were trade routes that crossed from Timna over to Egypt through the modern Sinai Peninsula. It was a heavily traveled and guarded route by the Egyptians. Remember that Serabit el-Khadim was ... We know that the promised land did not originally extent all the way down to the Red Sea (Gulf of Aqaba). Now we know the reason! God did not want to interfere with the Egyptians at Jezirat Faraun and ... Sinai near Midian! "A Midianite tented shrine and the Tabernacle: The votive copper snake of Timna is only a part of the Midianite cult represented in the temple. Indeed, it is the first time that ... Harvard scholar Frank Moore Cross believes that the paucity of evidence in Sinai-and the considerable remains in Qurayyah, Al-Bad' and other Midianite sites-points in favor of an Arabian location ... ...
https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-timna.htm
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37: The southern border of Judah and Kadesh Barnea at Petra
... Sinai. As a technical note, what the Bible calls the "southern border" is actually composed in part, of the "eastern border" that runs from the south of the Salt Sea towards the Red Sea down to Kadesh. ... Detailed study of proving the River of Egypt is the historic border between Egypt and Israel. b. Detailed study proving the Sinai Peninsula was under Egyptian control at the time of the Exodus. c. Detailed ... Deuteronomy 11:24 "I will fix your boundary from the Red Sea [Gulf of Aqaba] to the sea of the Philistines, and from the wilderness to the River Euphrates; for I will deliver the inhabitants of the land into ... I ordered ... ] towards the country ... which is called in the language of the people of Nubia (Kûsu) and Egypt (Muṣur).... I called up the numerous army of Ashur which was stationed in.... In the month of Nisanu, the first month (of the year), I departed from my city Ashur. I crossed the Tigris and the Euphrates at (the time of) their flood; I advanced over the ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-southern-border-judah-territory.htm
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38: bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-johann-heinrich-kurtz-history ...
... to the Arabah, whilst the other was called Wady Fikreh, and ran in a north-easterly direction to the Dead Sea. " This mountain barrier," says Williams, " proved to us beyond a doubt, that we were now standing on the southern boundary of the promised land." ... sometimes be regarded as a part of the desert of Paran (et-Tih), and at other times as belonging to that of Zin (the plain of Murreh) (2)." (History of the old covenant: Johann Heinrich Kurtz,1872 AD, Vol 3, Geological survey, p225-226) SECTION IL ISEAEL IN THE DESERT OF PARAN. VIDE J. Rowlands appendix to G. Williams " Holy City," p. 488 sqq.—Fr. ... the Sinaitic peninsula (in the strictest sense) by the border mountains of et-Tih. This broad, desert tract of table-land is completely surrounded by a fringe of desert on a lower level. The desert of Jif ar (or Shur) divides it on the west from the Egyptian territory (§ 2, 5), on the south-west be- yond the mountains of er-Eahah, from the Heroopolitan gulf, and on the ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-johann-heinrich-kurtz-history-of-the-old-covenant-1872ad.htm
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39: Reconstructing Petra Smithsonian: June 2007; Vol 38 Num 3 By ...
... NO ONE KNOWS where the Nabateans came from. Around 400 BC, the Arab tribe swept into the mountainous region nestled between the Sinai and Arabian peninsulas and the Mediterranean Sea. At first, they lived simple nomadic lives, eking out a living with flocks of sheep and goats and perhaps ... The Siq, a twisting 1000 yard long canyon that in places is just wide enough for two camels to pass, made the eastern part of the city impregnable. Today it serves as Petra's main entryway It may be the most dramatic entrance to an urban space ever devised. In ancient times, though, the primary entrance into Petra was likely the road by which I came by donkey. Writing early in the first century A.D., the Greek historian Strabo ... No one has found the sites of the busy market-places that must have dotted Petra. And although local inscriptions indicate that the Nabateans worshiped a main god, sometimes called Dushara, and a main goddess, the Nabateans' religion otherwise remains ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-smithsonian-june-2007-vol38-num3.htm
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40: In Darkest England and the Way Out, William Booth 1890 AD
... than in their present liberty--if a life spent alternatively in drunkenness, debauchery, and crime, on the one hand, or the prison on the other, can be called liberty. ... CHAPTER 7. The Criminals CHAPTER 8. The Children of the Lost CHAPTER 9. Is there no Help? PART 2. DELIVERANCE. CHAPTER 1. A Stupendous Undertaking Section 1. The Essentials to Success Section 2. My Scheme CHAPTER 2. To the Rescue!--The City Colony Section 1. Food and Shelter for Every Man Section 2. Work for the ... Section 3. Agricultural Villages Section 4. Co-operative Farm CHAPTER 4. New Britain--The Colony Over Sea Section 1. The Colony and the Colonists Section 2. Universal ... in the shape of the ivory raiders of civilisation. The race that wrote the Arabian Nights, built Bagdad and Granada, and invented Algebra, sends forth men with the ... friends and hope, and once more got his feet on to the ladder which leads upward from the black gulf of starvation to competence and character, and usefulness and heaven. ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/psychiatry/in-darkest-england-and-the-way-out-william-booth-1890ad.htm
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41: Matthew Fontaine Maury "Pathfinder Of Sea" Psalms 8
See also: God's inspired message to man. Scientific evidences to prove it!!! Click to View Some have called into question the Story of Matthew Maury using the Bible as a guide to discover ... Delaware in winter, to be blown off and to go to the West Indies, and there wait for the return of spring before they would attempt another approach to this part of the coast. Accordingly, Dr. ... And so viewing it, the Doctor concealed the discovery, for we were then at war with England. (Paper on the Gulf Stream and Currents of the Sea, MF Maury p. 395) Matthew Fontaine Maury achieved considerable respect in the ... The astronomer regards the light and heat of the sun as emanations; -is forces to guide the planets in their orbits and light comets in their flight - nothing more. But the physical geographer... The Women's Club of Virginia was the driving force behind the construction of this monument. Donations from the State of Virginia, the City of Richmond, and private benefactors were collected ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/tracks/matthew-fontaine-maury-pathfinder-of-sea-ps8.htm
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42: The Exodus Route: Red Sea Camp at the Straits of Tiran
Click to View Travel times, distances, days of the week Click to View Excluding various exodus routes: Bitter lakes, Gulf of Suez, Mt. Musa, Ein el-Qudeirat. Click to View Overview map ... 500 meters away would be dwarfed by the spray from the Red Sea crossing if wind was the primary force to part the waters. It would be like walking through an automatic car wash. h. ... of harvest), the waters which were flowing down from above stood and rose up in one heap, a great distance away at Adam, the city that is beside Zarethan; and those which were flowing down toward the sea of the Arabah, the Salt Sea, were completely cut off. ... Geologists, geographers, and oceanographers all know that shorelines can look very different 3400 years ago. If we remove the coral reef and connect Tiran Island to the Saudi Arabian ... Tamarisk is also called, salt-cedar, and tamarix. The chariots from King Tut's tombs seen in museums are made entirely of wood and rawhide and contained no metal. Later period chariots ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-straits-of-tiran.htm
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43: Khirbat en-Nahas Fortress: Part of Solomon's network of military ...
Edom was a nation at the time of Moses (1446 BC). After Israel vacated Kadesh Barnea at Petra in 1406 BC, Edom moved into Kadesh and called it "Sela" (Rock) after the Rock that Moses struck. ... They had to move south past Mt. Hor to the Red Sea, the east past Ezion Geber, (which was part of Edom's territory) the due east, then north. We find it as amusing as we do puzzling, that Levy's good work at KEN created any stir ... These ancient records fully documented the long lost Hittite Empire and confirmed the reliability of the Bible. Later excavations uncovered Boghazkoy, the capital city of this "mythical" ... The site is situated in an area where numerous outcrops of copper ore were mined in the Saharo -Arabian desert zone, at the eastern margin of the Araba/Arava valley that separates modern ... In comparison, contemporaneous copper production at Timna was much smaller (Rothenberg 1999), while New Kingdom activities at Bir Nasib, on the Sinai Peninsula, possibly left another 100 000 ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-khirbat-en-nahas.htm
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44: Kadesh Barnea is located at Petra, Beidha and Basta
... Second, We know that the territory of Edom and Moab was specifically stated to not be part of the promised land. Israel was told when they passed through the lands of ... The Geraritike is now called after this, (the region) beyond the Daroma. Twenty-five miles south of Eleutheropolis. It is the old southern boundary of the Chanaanites and a royal city of the Philistines (metropolis of Palestine). It is located, as Scripture affirms, "between Cades and Sur" (i.e., between) two deserts. The one adjoins Egypt whence the people came having come through the (straits of the) Red Sea. The other (true) Cades extends up to the desert of the Saracens." (The ... In modern times, Petra was discovered by John Lewis Burckhardt in 1812 AD. "The Anglo-Swiss geographer and traveler John Lewis Burckhardt 'rediscovered' Petra on 22 ... Israel did not spend 38 years "in the wilderness" in the promised land. Review this page: Excluded Exodus Routes: Nuweiba Beech, Bitter lakes, Gulf of Suez, Mt. Musa, ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea.htm
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45: The Exodus Route: Debunked: Split Rock of Rephidim (Meribah)
... There is a wide coastal plain 300 km long down the east coast of the Gulf of Suez. After crossing the Red Sea at the Straits of Tiran, there is another wide open plain ... in the wilderness," Psalm 95:8 ""You called in trouble and I rescued you; I answered you in the hiding place of thunder; I proved you at the waters of Meribah.Selah." ... Jethro arrives from Midian (Al Bad) and enters Moses' tent. Jethro offers sacrifices and the heads of Israel eat a meal likely in part to celebrate the defeat of the Amalekites (Ex 18:1-12). 6. Fourth camp day at Rephidim: Friday, day 44 from Goshen, day 19 from the Red Sea: a. Moses takes a rest day after the ... of letters,' because they brought them, in a sense, into their students' minds, or perhaps introduced their students to them." (Augustine, City of God 18.39, 400 AD) c. ... Their traditional territory is transjordan between Babylon and the Arabian Gulf, which explains why they attacked Israel at Rephidim. d. At the time of the exodus, the ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-rephidim-meribah.htm
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46: Kadesh Barnea Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol 29, No 1, 1910 ...
... Hor. In earlier times the gulf of 'Akabah reached farther north than it does to-day, and a passage from the eastern side over to El Tih may not have been as easy as it is at present. Nomadic tribes ... The location of Kadesh Barnea (written yrm ttr p) on a map in a Passover Haggadah, published at Amsterdam, 1695,11 midway between the Philistine coast and the southern end of the Dead Sea, shows ... It means " the little neck of the camel." But the mountain ridge of which this peak forms such an imposing part is called Jebel 'Enelsa' (41,tz L),÷). This appears to go back to pv, G Other giants, besides ... There may have been a city in it by the same name in preexilic times (Deut. 1 1, 1 Kings 11 18). It is mentioned by Eusebius and Jerome 16 as a town in the south over against Arabia three days from ... There is no evidence that those on the Sinaitic peninsula are pre-Christian, and those mentioned by Charles Beke 33 and John Milne 34 (the Mosque of Moses, the Cave of Jethro, the name Jebel el Nur ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-nathan-schmidt-kadesh-barnea-journal-of-biblical-literature-vol-29-no-1-1910ad.htm
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47: Nimrod and the Archaeology of the Tower of Babel by Steven Rudd ...
... It also defines new standard archaeological ages in keeping with young earth creation. Although it is written for the average Christian, it is invaluable to ... Concurrent with Stone Age, Halaf, Hassuna. 7. Uruk: [3000-2700 BC] Assemblage of a southern city founded by Nimrod that invaded north after 2900 BC. 8. Uruk 3 ... at ancient Tel Khirbet Kerak (Philoteria) located on the southern shore of the sea of Galilee. 6. Locus: (Plural = Loci) A depth layer of dirt or stone where all ... single archeological site. 9. Stratum Levels: One or more loci considered to be part of a single archeological age and given a single number, usually a Roman Numeral. ... Cairo was founded around 2850 BC by sailing south on the Persian Gulf then back up the Red Sea to the Gulf of Suez and migrating west. In 2660 BC Pharaoh Djoser built ... divided" (Genesis 10:25) 5. Division at tower of Babel: "Therefore its name was called Babel, because there the LORD confused the language of the whole earth; and ... ...
https://www.bible.ca/nimrod/welcome.htm
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48: Ein El-Qudeirat is not Kadesh Barnea: : Wrongly identified as ...
... any connection with God bringing water from the rock with Moses, but the fact that Qudeirat is the largest spring in the entire Sinai Peninsula for a 100 km radius! ... also says the same: "The Iron Age II fortress of Qadesh Barnea (nowadays called Tell 'Ein el-Qudeirat) is located in Wadi el 'Ein, a well ('Ein) which has fed ... It was located near modern Elat, on the north shore of the Gulf of Aqaba. Almost every exodus route map in the back of every Bible today has the route correctly ... and Ein El-Qudeirat is Kadesh, this means that Israel had to twice cross this huge mountain range: Once to get from the flatlands of the Sinai desert to the Red Sea. ... Nebo where Moses died. Of course, the Edomites did not even begin to inhabit any part of Judah until after Nebuchadnezzar first invaded in 605 BC. Chronological ... so Moses was never even here: "At a later date Moses, writing to the King of Edom, described Kadesh as `a city in the uttermost of thy border' (Numbers xx, 16). ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-ein-el-qudeirat.htm
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49: The Edomites: From Esau to Edom to Idumea to Extinction 2006BC ...
... The Edomites are a Transjordan tribe whose territory was between Petra and the Red sea. Petra represented an east/west boundary between Edom and Moab. This is ... - there were enough people there to concern Egyptian official interests, and the lifestyle was (at least in part) pastoral and (with tents) at least semi- nomadic. ... the Persian Gulf. In the face of this threat the Triad worshippers of Petra actually became allies of the Judaeans for a brief time, but this alliance was only superficial and when Jerusalem (then held by the Judaeans) fell to Babylon in 586 BCE after a two-year siege, the Petrans could not resist their glee as the city was burned ... as you have been found to be the wisest; you shall sit next to me and be called my kinsman." 43 Then he said to the king, "Remember the vow you made, on the ... The Arabs displace the Edomites and eventually began to occupy Petra which was the capital city of the Arabian Nabatean kingdom in the first century. "With Arab ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-edomite-territory-mt-seir.htm
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50: Ein El Qedeis: "Piltdown Kadesh" Kadesh Barnea: 1881 - 1916 AD
... This has nothing to do with any connection with God bringing water from the rock with Moses, but the fact that Qudeirat is the largest spring in the entire Sinai Peninsula ... like Karl von Raumer and Edward Robinson, looked for Kadesh-Barnea in the Aravah, the deep geomorphic rift extending from the southern end of the Dead Sea to the Red Sea. ... The reference is to Kadesh-Barnea. This city was no doubt situated quite in the neighbourhood of Ain Kudes (Kades), the well of Kadesh, discovered by Rowland. This well was called En-Mishpat, the fountain of judgment, in Abraham's time. (Keil & Delitzsch, 1867, Num. 20:22-29) "With regard to the situation ... His learned and valuable treatise on Kadesh Barnea in part makes amends for a manifest want of sobriety in the description of what is supposed to be its modern site. ... Hor. In earlier times the gulf of 'Akabah reached farther north than it does to-day, and a passage from the eastern side over to El Tih may not have been as easy as it is ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-ein-qedeis.htm
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