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1: Solomon's Fortress at Elat, Aqaba: Tell el-Kheleifeh and Jezirat ...
View Introduction: This page deals with Ezion-Geber of the exodus route and Elat (Eloth) located nearby at tell el-kheleifeh. Neither tell el-kheleifeh or the island of Jezirat Faraun are Ezion-geber. Tell el-kheleifeh is ancient Elat, Jezirat Faraun is an ancient Egyptian seaport "migdol" to support their mining operations of Timna in 1446 BC. (Details below) Ezion-geber is still undiscovered, but likely located under the modern ship yards of Jordan. Both Elat and Ezion-Geber were two different border fortresses built by Solomon. Ezion-Geber is the only "stop" of the exodus route that is known for sure where it is located. (Num 33:36) Scripture says it was located on the shore of the Red Sea... For all practical purposes it is possible to say that the shoreline has experienced no great change since Tell el-Kheleifeh was first occupied in the 10th century B.C." (Ezion-Geber, Nelson Glueck, Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh, 1965 AD) Nelson Gluecks was the first to excavate ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-ezion-geber-elat-aqaba.htm
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2: Ein El-Qudeirat is not Kadesh Barnea: : Wrongly identified as ...
Click to View Quseima Click to View Nahas Click to View K. Ajrud Click to View Elat/Kheleifeh Click to View Haseva Click to View Loz ... Click to View "L. Woolley and T.E. Lawrence described the site and its eight-towered fortress and suggested that it be identified with biblical Kadesh-Barnea (The Wilderness of Zin, PEFA 3 [1914-1915], pp. 52-57, 69-71). The site was surveyed in 1934 by N. Glueck, in 1937 by ... same: "The Iron Age II fortress of Qadesh Barnea (nowadays called Tell 'Ein el-Qudeirat) is located in Wadi el 'Ein, a well ('Ein) which ... Thus far our excavations have yielded nothing earlier than the tenth century B.C.-the time of King Solomon. (Did I Excavate Kadesh-Barnea? absence of ... Ezion-Geber is a major Achilles heel to Ein El-Qudeirat being Kadesh Barnea. The exodus route from Mt. Sinai to Kadesh went directly through ... this means that Israel had to twice cross this huge mountain range: Once to get from the flatlands of the Sinai desert to the Red Sea. ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-ein-el-qudeirat.htm
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3: Jezirat Faraun: Is This Solomon's Seaport? Alexander Flinder ...
Jezirat Faraun Is This Solomon's Seaport? Alexander Flinder 1989 AD (Jezirat Faraun: Is This Solomon's Seaport?, Alexander Flinder, 1989 AD) In the Bible we are twice told that Solomon, with the help of the Phoenician king Hiram, built a fleet of ships that sailed from Ezion-Geber (ETZ-yon GEH-ver)a near Eloth (Ay-LOHT) on the Red Sea. We are now in a position, I believe, not only to understand the maritime background of this joint venture—the most celebrated naval ... No archaeologically grounded claim was made until well into the present century. In 1938 Nelson Glueck, the eminent archaeologist, rabbi and director of the American Schools of Oriental Research, announced that his excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh (el-Khe-LEY-feh), a small mound just a stone's throw from the Gulf of Eilat/... We soon abandoned this idea when it became apparent how common this pottery was at contemporary sites in the Negev."7 Glueck also revised his view of the natural advantages of the location of Tell ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-jezirat-faraun-is-this-solomons-seaport-alexander-flinder-1989ad.htm
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4: The Bible and Radiocarbon Dating: Archaeology, Text and Science ...
The late Iron Age I assemblage, represented by the pottery from the destruction layers of Megiddo VIA, Tell Qasile X, Tel Masos II, and ... demolition of Nelson Glueck's concept of `Solomon's copper mines' in the Timnah Valley in the Arabah and of his identification of Ezion Geber with Tell el-Kheleifeh. ... 10th century BCE assemblages to the 9th century BCE. His view became known as the 'Low Chronology' for the Iron Age of Israel. ... Yet this resemblance can be explained if we assume that both kings-Solomon and Ahab-used Phoenician masons. Builders families or 4 ... text and then searching for material culture proof to support the text as historical fact (Albright 1971; Glueck 1940a; Wright 1965). ... near Aqaba on the Red Sea which he dated to the 10th (Period I), 9th (Period II), and 8th (Period III) centuries BCE (Glueck 1993). ... However, the excavations in Area M highlight the need carefully to excavate this (or another) slag mound to virgin soil so as to identify ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-bible-and-radiocarbon-dating-archaeology-text-and-science-thomas-e-levy-thomas-higham-2005ad.htm
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5: Timna: Valley of the Biblical Copper Mines, Beno Rothenberg, ...
... BEER ORA; 033 W.AMRAM CF ) /-* c. ‹ ADD SINAI x EL AT X it RED SEA •TELL-El-KHELEIFEH AQABA MIC IAN 3 15 Ramesside and Late ... at Timna and the actual smelting/refining was said to have taken place only at Tell el Kheleife, on the shores of the Red Sea. ... The immediate objectives of the excavations were: (1) To locate and excavate metallurgical installations and materials, to ... Left, the interior side, which is fitted into the bellows tube, is free of slag; centre, the side view shows the slag dripping ... 101 63, 64 Jezirat Fara'un (or 'Pharaoh's Island') appears to have been the mining port connected with the Ramesside mining expeditions to the Arabah ('Atika'). It was later used by the Israelite Kings (as Ezion Gebel.), then ... There were also numerous donkey bones and the remains of Red Sea fish. It is of considerable interest that several camel bones ... Prior to this some sherds of this ware had been found by N. Glueck during his survey of the eastern Arabah and Edom and called ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-timna-valley-of-the-biblical-copper-mines-beno-rothenberg-1969ad.htm
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6: Negev Pottery: "Negev ware" "Negevite ware" Crude, hand made ...
from 1406 BC to 586 BC. Negev Pottery is also found at Qudeirat and Timna and the Egyptian port island of Jezirat Faraun and Elat and Khirbat en-Nahas. ... There were some 50 fortresses in the Negev that Solomon built and there is a similarity in the types of pottery found at them all including Negev ... Negev ware was first discovered by Woolley and Lawrence in their two year excavation of Qudeirat. They also found it at Bir Birein. Nelson Glueck also discovered Negev ware pottery in his excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh in ... that it be connected specifically with the Kenites, particularly in view of the fact that, in the Old Testament, a close relationship is posited ... These more experimental forms are associated primarily with the later levels of the site." (Did I Excavate Kadesh-Barnea? absence of Exodus remains poses ... Elat is clearly very near by, as is Ezion-Geber which is located under the modern shipping yards of Jordan. "Tell el-Kheleifeh might still fit the location of ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-negev-ware-negevite-ware-hand-made-pottery.htm
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7: Khirbat en-Nahas Fortress: Part of Solomon's network of military ...
Click to View Quseima Click to View Nahas Click to View K. Ajrud Click to View Elat/Kheleifeh Click to View Haseva Click to View Loz Click ... This would be the best explanation for the occupation layer that preexisted the fortress Solomon built at the site. David and Solomon ... Click to View When Thomas Levy and his team first published his excavations from Khirbat en-Nahas , it caused a stir among archeologists ... They had to move south past Mt. Hor to the Red Sea, the east past Ezion Geber, (which was part of Edom's territory) the due east, then north. We find it as amusing ... Ezion Geber is located where modern Aqaba is, not the Egyptian sea port Island of Jezirat Faraun. We note that in both published works by ... These dates do bring the Iron Age archaeology of Edom back, to a certain degree, to historical questions raised long ago by Nelson Glueck ... including the known desert forts in the Araba/Arava region, such as Hatzeva (Cohen & Yisrael 1995) and Tell el-Kheleifeh (Glueck 1965) . ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-khirbat-en-nahas.htm
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8: The Fortresses King Solomon Built to Protect His Southern Border ...
The Fortresses King Solomon Built to Protect His Southern Border By Rudolph Cohen, 1985 AD String of desert fortresses uncovered in Central Negev (The Fortresses King Solomon Built ... They noted fragments of "rough, handmade wares, thin-walled, of gritty clay burnt very hard in an open hearth."9 This pottery was "rediscovered" by Glueck in his excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh (identified by him with Biblical Ezion-Geber). Here he found "large ... They are shallow, carinated (in profile, they have an angle), and have a round base. In my view, the pottery associated with the oval fortresses throughout the Central Negev can be ... The fortresses that fit into this fourth category are the two upper fortresses at Kadesh-Barnea and that of Horvat Uza. For more information, see "Did I Excavate Kadesh-Barnea?" BAR ... The Bible also alludes to the "Way of Mount Seir" (Deuteronomy 1:1-2), the "Way of the Mount of the Amorites" (Deuteronomy 1:19), and the "Way of the Red Sea" (Exodus 13:18; Numbers ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/fortresses-king-solomon-built-to-protect-his-southern-border-rudolph-cohen-1985ad.htm
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9: Solomon's network of military border fortresses in the Negev
Click to View Quseima Click to View Nahas Click to View K. Ajrud Click to View Elat/Kheleifeh Click to View Haseva Click to View Loz Click to View ... 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph Cohen, 1981 AD) Cohen dismisses the view of Dothan of the "pre-fortress" period based upon Negev ware pottery alone: ... Herzog: 1983 (Enclosed Settlements in the Negeb, Ze'ev Herzog) Fortresses near Beersheba built by David. Fortresses in Negev built by Solomon to protect trade routes to the Red Sea and Ezion-Geber. Meshel: 1994 ... Rudolph Cohen gives an excellent summary of the era: "As noted above, Glueck and Aharoni believed that the fortresses had been erected by kings of Israel ... Arad Stratum XI, Kadesh-barnea ("earliest fortress," Cohen 1981: 107), and Tell el-Kheleifeh Period I (Glueck 1965: 71-82), all of which we believe are ... The ancient Egyptian mining port island of Jezirat Faraun remained in firm Egyptian control and Solomon dare not attempt to touch this. And "above all, south ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-davids-negev-border-fortress-network.htm
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10: Ezion-Geber, Nelson Glueck, Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh ...
Ezion-Geber Nelson Glueck Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh 1965 AD (Ezion-Geber, Nelson Glueck, Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh, 1965 AD) NELSON GLUECK Hebrew Union College — Jewish Institute of Religion Years ago, President Glueck wrote three ... The location of Tell el-Kheleifeh approximates therefore the description in I Kings 9:26 of Ezion-geber's being located "beside Eloth, on the shore of the Red Sea, in the land of Edom." When we first examined the potsherds, copper slag, bits of ... Now that the report on the Khirbet Tannur excavation in 1937 has been completed (publication, autumn 1965), we have begun reviewing the Tell el-Kheleifeh excavation records. We find ourselves compelled in their light and in view of new knowledge and ... The surface sherds at these Wadi Arabah sites belonged to Iron I and early Iron II in general and especially to the 10th century period of king Solomon. We had as a result called them "king Solomon's mines," and had attributed, as we still do, a ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-nelson-gluecks-tell-el-kheleifeh-1965ad.htm
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11: Nelson Glueck's 1938-1940 Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh: A ...
roughly equidistant between modern Eilat and Aqaba. It was first surveyed in 1933 by Fritz Frank, who identified Tell el- Kheleifeh with biblical Ezion-geber. Glueck directed three seasons of excavation there between 1938 and 1940. Accepting Frank's identification Glueck discerned ... The highest point of the tell was southeast of its center (fig. 4; Square N:17) at +2.84 m, corresponding to the absolute height above sea level of +6.83 m. The deepest excavated level, reportedly to virgin soil, was in Room 113 (fig. 5; ... Fig. 6. Pinkerfeld's plan of Period II, the earliest phase of the offsets/insets settlement (Kruschen, after Pinkerfeld). FIg. 9. View of the western perimeter of the casemate fortress (Glueck's Period IC) from the northeast. Rooms 114 ... Dating the Casemate Fortress Designating this fortress as Ezion-geber I, Glueck assigned this level to the time of Solomon and its destruction to biblical Shishak (1939: 18; 1940a: 5; 1965: 82). The primary dating tool for the Solomonic ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-nelson-gluecks-1938-1940-excavations-tell-el-kheleifeh-reappraisal-gary-pratico-1985ad.htm
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12: Timna
Click to View Amateur archeologist, Talitha Rudd discovers Timna Mushroom (for herself). Introduction: Timna is an Egyptian controlled mining area that produced copper and turquoise. The Egyptians mined copper & turquoise at both Timna and Serabit el-Khadim. Jezirat Faraun was the Egyptian mining sea port that served Timna. Since Jezirat Faraun is not located in Edomite territory, it cannot be Ezion-Geber which was located under the modern shipping yards of Aqaba, Jordan. Click to View Timna is often called "Solomon's Mines" even though there is nothing from the Bible that says Solomon had mines. Archeology ... Also, the fortress at Elat/Kheleifeh would better serve to protect Timna. Click to View The entire modern Sinai Peninsula right over to the Wadi el-Arish down to and including Timna was under ... Prior to this some sherds of this ware had been found by N. Glueck during his survey of the eastern Arabah and Edom and called 'Edomite' ware. In 1935 Glueck dated this pottery correctly to ... ...
https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-timna.htm
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13: (The Iron Age Fortresses in the Central Negev, Rudolph Cohen ...
The Discovery of the Fortresses The remains of several fortresses (Qasr er-R ukieibeh, Bir Birein, and Tell 'Ain el-Qudeirat) were first observed in 1914 by C. L. Woolley and T. E. ... the Patriarchal age, or that they were connected with the Red Sea "adventures" of one of the "Jewish" kings (1914-15: 41). According to the Bible Solomon established a maritime base at Ezion-Geber, near Eilat, in order to carry out trade with Ophir (1 Kgs 9:26), and Jehoshaphat and Uzziah both attempted later to repeat his success (1 Kgs 22:49; 2 Chr 20:36*). Thus, in the view of Woolley and Lawrence, the fortresses had probably served ... Although in many respects their phraseology and descriptions are now obsolete, their discoveries and conclusions have provided a solid basis for subsequent study. The Surveys of Glueck ... It was "rediscovered" by Glueck in his excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh and subjected to a more formal study. Originally he conjectured that such vessels had been used as crucibles in ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-iron-age-fortresses-central-negev-rudolph-cohen-1979ad.htm
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14: Master Index of Places
Goshen to Red Sea: Goshen (Ramses) Succoth Migdol Etham Pi Hahiroth Baal Zephon Crossed Red Sea at: Straits of Tiran Red Sea to Sinai: Wilderness of Shur Marah Elim Red Sea Camp Wilderness of Sin Dophkah Alush Rephidim (Meribah) Wilderness of Sinai Mt. Sinai: at Mt. Lawz Sinai to Kadesh: Mt. Seir Ezion Geber Kadesh Barnea at Petra History of the search for Kadesh Kadesh to Jordan: Mt. Hor Solomon's network of military border fortresses: For overview: read the introduction Ein Qudeirat Ein Qedeis Ein Quseima Loz Ponds Kuntillet Ajrud Elat Tell el-kheleifeh Jezirat Faraun Khirbat en-Nahas Haseva Ein Muweileh Pottery of the Bible: Midianite Pottery: The fine china Negev Pottery: Disposable dishware Cypriot pottery: Expensive imports Temple of Jupiter photo gallery Click to View The Kingdom of Solomon: Introduction document: Solomon's network of military border fortresses Click to View Qudeirat Click to View Qedeis Click to View Quseima Click to View Nahas Click to View K. Ajrud Click to ... ...
https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-index.htm
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15: The Third Season of Excavation at Tell el-Kheleifeh, 1940 AD ...
The Third Season of Excavation at Tell el-Kheleifeh Nelson Glueck 1940 AD (The Third Season of Excavation at Tell el-Kheleifeh, Nelson Glueck, 1940 AD) ELL EL-KHELEIFEH NELSON GLUECK The third season's campaign of excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh I ... The results of the season's work emphasized again that the intricate smelter-refinery of Ezion-geber : Elath was from the very beginning till near the end of the history of the place ... guarding the crossroads by land and sea between Arabia and Sinai and greater Palestine. The new fortress at Aqabah, recently completed by the transjordan government, although much smaller, serves in a limited way the same purpose. The Egyptian king Shoshenk, or Shishak, as he is known in the Bible, was in all probability the one who destroyed the Ezion-geber of Solomon? ... part of the Emirate of Transjordan under Abdullah and the English. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-nelson-gluecks-1940-third-season-of-excavation-at-tell-el-kheleifeh.htm
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16: Master Index of Free Bible Maps of Bible Times and Lands
Master Index of Bible Study Maps: (600+ Bible places) Press [Control + F] on keyboard to search for your place click to view click to view Panorama photo gallery of ... Red Sea (Ex 13:18) The Wilderness to the Red Sea (Judg 11:16) Wilderness of the Sea (Isa 21:1) Wilderness of Kadesh: Ps 29:8 Wilderness of Moab Deut 2:8 Wilderness of ... Dor Dothan Ebenezer (Izbet Sartah) Edrei Eglon Ekron (Tell Miqne) Elat (Tell el-Kheleifeh Emmaus En-Dor (Tell Qedesh) Engedi, Hazazon-tamar Eshtaol (Kh.Shubeib) Eshtemoa Etam Solomon'spools and aqueduct Ezion Geber Gadara Gath, Moresheth (Tell es-Safi) Gath-hepher (Tel Gat-hefer) Gaza Geba (Jaba) Gennesaret Gerar (Tel ... Qurayyah: Midianite Pottery kiln 1400-1200 BC. Midianite pottery has been found at Al Bad, Timna, Elat and Jezirat Faraun. Raamses (Tanis) Rabbah: Captial of Ammon ... Succoth (Tell Deir Alla: Balaam inscription) Sussita (Hippos) Tabghat ez-Zafra Tafila (modern) Tamar: Solomon fortress (1000 BC: 1 Ki 9:18; Ezek 47:19; 48:28) (see ... ...
https://www.bible.ca/maps/bible-maps-master-index.htm
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17: The Iron Age Fortresses at En Haseva, Rudolph Cohen, 1995 AD
... Miller, J. M. 1987 Old Testament History and Archaeology. Biblical Archaeologist 50:55-63. 1991 Solomon: International Potentate or Local King? Palestine Explo-ration Quarterly 123:28-31. Na'aman, N. 1992 Israel, Edom and Egypt in the 10th Century B.C.E. Tel Aviv 19:71-93. Pratico, G. D. 1985 Nelson Glueck's 1938-1940 Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh: A Reap- praisal. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 259:1-32. 1986 Where is Ezion-Geber? A Reappraisal of the Site Archaeologist Nelson Glueck Identified as King Solomons Red Sea Port. Biblical Archaeology Review XII(5):24-35. Rudolph Cohen is Deputy Director of the Israel Antiquities Authority and Director of the 'En ... by D. J. A. Clines, S. E. Fowl, and S. E. Porter. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Sup-plement Series 87 Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press. Biblical Archaeologist 58:4 (1995) 235 By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-iron-age-fortresses-negev-ein-haseva-rudolph-cohen-1995ad.htm
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18: The Exodus Route: A scriptural proof, with the witness of history ...
Sinai" Overview of the Exodus and Conquest: In 1446 BC, the 700 km trip from Goshen (Tell el-Dab'a) to Mt. Sinai took a total of took 47 days. After travelling day and night ... Click to View 10 Stops between the Sea crossing and Mt. Sinai Wilderness of Shur, Marah, Elim, Second Red Sea Camp, Wilderness of Sin, Dophkah, Alush, Rephidim (Meribah), Wilderness of Sinai, Mt. Sinai, Wilderness of Paran Click to View 22 Stops between Mt. Sinai and Kadesh Barnea Ezion Geber, southern Arabah valley, Kadesh Barnea, Petra, El-beidha Wilderness of Zin, Ein el-Qudeirat, Ein Qedeis, Ein El Weibeh, Ein Hasb Jezirat Faraun Island, Timna, Click to View 15 Stops ... most holy place in the Tabernacle of Moses, which was replaced by the Temple of Solomon, which finally became the body of a Christian individually and the church ... In earlier times the gulf of 'Akabah reached farther north than it does today [note: Schmidt is wrong about water levels. Solomon's fortress at Elat -Tell el-kheleifeh was ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route.htm
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19: The Civilization of the Edomites, Nelson Glueck
... The borders of these kingdoms, which can now be accurately fixed, were fortified by strong fortresses ( Fig. 5 ), built usually on eminences and commanding a view of each other. The agriculture ... When we next hear of Edom, it was ruled by Jehoshaphat through a deputy governor (I Kings 22:47). One may assume, therefore, that Judah had retained control over Edom from the time of Solomon on. ... identified with Tell el-Kheleifeh on the north shore of the Gulf of Aqabah, the eastern arm of the Red Sea. Fig 7. Figurines found near Buseirah (Bozrah) in Edom. (From Annual of the ASOR, Vols. ... It is to this final period of Edomite independence, before succumbing, like Judah, to Babylonian conquest, that we assign the Edomite stamped jars found in Period IV of the excavations of Tell el-Kheleifeh (Ezion-geber:E... Bibliography: Glueck, Nelson: The Other Side of the Jordan, 1940. "The Excavations of Solomon's Seaport: Ezion-geber," in Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution, 1941. Annuals of the ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-civilization-of-the-edomites-nelson-glueck-1947ad.htm
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20: They are digging up Bible stories! Start Page
... There is no contradiction between the Bible and modern archeology. The conflict is with atheistic Archeologists who trash the Bible, deny the Exodus ever happened, teach David and Solomon were mythical figures. They are bent over backwards ... The reason is simple: They do not believe the Bible in the first place, so they look for "natural explanations" to avoid the obvious miracle of the Red Sea crossing. They propose Lake Serbonis because there is an obvious natural land bridge .../Yadin `Solomonic paradigm' began during the 1970s with Benno Rothenberg's and later by Gary Pratico's demolition of Nelson Glueck's concept of `Solomon's copper mines' in the Timnah Valley in the Arabah and of his identification of Ezion Geber with Tell el-Kheleifeh. ... Not put on another website. Not put in books that are to be sold without Permission. No alterations without permission. This is an open process. Join us! By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-start-here.htm
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21: The Fortresses at En Haseva Rudolph Cohen 1994
the similarity between the Arabic and Greek names. The name Eiseba is mentioned only in the Beer-sheva Edict (Alt 1935:31). N. Glueck (1934-1935:17-20,115) concluded that the ruin was a Nabataean caravanserai Aerial view of klaieva. ... This gate resembles in plan the fot ti ess-gate at Tell el-Kheleifeh, differing only in orientation: the 'En Haseva fortress-gate faces the road approaching from the north, while the Tell el-Kheleifeh gate sits on the southern side, facing the sea. View of the end of the unexcavated part of the ... 48), and when in an un-successful attempt to repeat Solomon's achievements, "Jehoshaphat made ships of Tarshish to go to Ophir for gold, but they did not go, for the ships were wrecked at Ezion-geber" (1 Kgs 22:49; Bartlett 1989:115-116). ... with biblical Tamar (Ezek 47:19; 48:28) and with Tamara mentioned in the Roman and Byzantine sources cited. 1 Kgs 9:17-18 states that "Solomon built Gezer, Beth-boron the Lower, Baalath and Tamar in the wilderness, in the land." ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortress-at-ein-haseva-rudolph-cohen-1994ad.htm
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22: Petra, Jordan: Biblical Kadesh Barnea, Sela, Joktheel, En-mishpat ...
Petra, Jordan (Kadesh Barnea) Click to View 1. Josephus, Eusebius and Jerome all said that Kadesh Barnea was located at Petra. The Treasury at Petra was carved by the Nabataeans in 100 BC and ... an occupation of Petra of from the Early Bronze Age (Abraham: 2100 BC), Iron Age (David, Solomon, 1000 BC), Nabataeans (350 BC - 106 AD) and the Romans (106 AD - 300 AD). 9. Archeologists ... Only with a miracle of Moses hitting the rock, did a large river result. Although we can prove from Tell el-kheleifeh, that sea levels are unchanged, the water table levels have dropped dramatically since the Exodus. ... The pun on Qen and Qenite is obvious, and Sela is to be identified with Umm el-Biyarah in Petra. (The Civilization of the Edomites, Nelson Glueck, 1947 AD) Amaziah (796 - 767 BC) renamed Kadesh ... The ruins are inland about one mile from Aqabah but not as far inland as Tell el Kbeleifah which is probably the older Ezion Geber (K. 36:l, cf. K. 34:23, 62:13, Josephus Antiquities, IX, 12, 1). It ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra.htm
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23: Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph ...
... the Judean king Jehoshaphat (ca. 870-846 B.c.E.), who, according to the biblical account, attempted to enter the Red Sea trade (1 Kgs 22:49) and appointed a governor in Edom (1 Kgs 22:48). ... This pottery was "rediscovered" by N. Glueck in his excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh (identified by him with biblical Ezion-geber). Here he found "large quantities of crude handmade, friable, smoke-blackened pots, many of which were built up on ... N. Glueck afterward subscribed to this idea and attributed such pottery to the nomadic and seminomadic dwellers of the Negev: the Kenites, Rechabites, Calebites, and Jerachmeelites (Glueck ... particularly in view of the fact that, in the Old Testament, a close relationship is posited between them and the Israelites (e.g., 1 Sam 15:6; see discussion in Fensham 1964: 51-54). ... In the author's opinion, they were established by King Solomon. As is well known, he was a powerful and energetic ruler, who sought to consolidate the gains of his predecessor, David, by ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-excavations-at-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-ba-1976-1982ad.htm
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24: enclosed-settlements-negeb-wilderness-beer-sheba-zeev-herzog ...
... The wheel-turned vessels found in the Negev fortresses are dated by Cohen exclusively to the 10th century B.C., and he thus attributes these sites to the reign of Solomon (Cohen 1980: 77-78). ... at Horvat Rahba and Mesad Refed should be similarly reconstructed, particularly in view of the cross-walls that extend beyond the basic two-room arrangement into their ... at Arad Stratum XI, Kadesh-barnea ("earliest fortress," Cohen 1981: 107), and Tell el-Kheleifeh Period I (Glueck 1965: 71-82), all of which we believe are dated to Solomon's reign. Fig. 3. Isometric reconstruction of an enclosed settlement based on plan of Beersheba Stratum VII. Undoubtedly, the small forts and accompanying settlements were founded in connection with Solomon's trade operations in the Red Sea. ... Etam, D. 1980 The "Fortresses" of the Negev Uplands—Settlement Sites. Qadmoniot 13:56-57 (Hebrew). Glueck, N. 1965 Ezion-geber. The Biblical Archaeologist 28: 70-83. Gophna, R. 1964 Sites from the ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-enclosed-settlements-negeb-wilderness-beer-sheba-zeev-herzog-1983ad.htm
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25: Historical search for Kadesh Barnea from 1000 BC - Present
... In view of all that these travelers had said, and after his own careful search for it, up and down the wady, Bartlett, (as has already been mentioned) had come to the ... The springs of Ein el-Qudeirat are the richest and most abundant in the Sinai; they water the largest oasis in northern Sinai." (Did I Excavate Kadesh-Barnea? absence ... For example, at Tell el-Kheleifeh (ancient Elat) "Glueck threw out most of the common wheel-made pottery he excavated; he did not realize this common wheel-made pottery was far more reliable for dating purposes than the handmade pottery he saved.)" (Jezirat Faraun: Is This Solomon's Seaport?, Alexander Flinder, 1989 AD) This ... Of course, this was in 1916 AD and now we know that the remains at Quderat were built some 400 years after Moses, by Solomon. Today, we know that Ein El-Qudeirat, is ... The Author seeks to restore the true exodus route that the first century Christians believed: A crossing crossing point of the Red Sea at the Straits of Tiran; a ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-historical-search.htm
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26: bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-did-i-excavate ...
... Robinson, looked for Kadesh-Barnea in the Aravah, the deep geomorphic rift extending from the southern end of the Dead Sea to the Red Sea. ... with the shekel sign and sometimes without—our preliminary view is that the ostracon probably is an exercise in scribal recording.e ... Aharoni proposed that Negev ware had been produced by seminomadic potters in the Negev, and had served mainly for domestic purposes. Glueck ... the king who regained control of Edom, campaigned against the North Arabian tribes, and rebuilt the port of Ezion-Geber on the Gulf of Aqaba. ... Thus far our excavations have yielded nothing earlier than the tenth century B.C.—the time of King Solomon. How can we explain this? First of ... Earlier remains may not extend over the full area of the tell occupied by the later fortresses. The premonarchical remains may be there, but ... Perhaps future excavations will give us the answer. (Did I Excavate Kadesh-Barnea? Difficulty of site identification and absence of Exodus ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-did-i-excavate-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-bar-1981ad.htm
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27: Misidentified: "Belonging to Jotham" and "Belonging to Eliakim ...
... This ring may well have belonged to the governor of Elath ruling in the name of Jotham. The representation of the bellows seems to testify to the continuation of metallurgical activities first inaugurated on a large scale by Solomon in the Wadi Arabah and of related industrial activities at Ezion-geber. After ... The first part of the theophorous name of Qaus-anal or Qosanal, namely Qaus or Qos is that of a well known Edomite and subsequently Nabataean deity and occurs also in the Bible (Ezra 2:53; Neh. 7:55)." (Ezion-Geber, Nelson Glueck, Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh, 1965 AD) 3. "The seal of "Jotham"' is the simpler of the two misidentifications to be considered. It ... d. It is in this spirit that this page has been contributed to make sure no Christian ever again uses either the seal or the ring again as evidence except in their correct and truthful context. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ...
...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-archeology-jeremiah-clay-bullae-seal-inscription-Belonging-to-Eliakim-servant-of-Jehoiachin-belonging-to-Jotham-misidentified.htm
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28: The border Between Judah and Egypt: River of Egypt, Wadi el-Arish ...
The River of Egypt (Wadi el-Arish) The Biblical and historic Border Between Judah and Egypt Click to View The River: 1. Brook of Egypt 2. River of Egypt 3. Wadi el-Arish 4. Shihor Egyptian border seaport: 1. Arish 2. Tharu, Tjaru, ... Only after we have correctly drawn the borders can we know where Kadesh Barnea is located. Although there is a single passage that says Judah's border extended down to the Red Sea (Elat/Ezion Geber), this did not happen until the time of Solomon about 950 BC. Almost every Bible map since 1916 AD ... Rhinocorura literally means, "cut-off noses." Click to View Tel Habuwa [Tell el-Habua, Tell-Huba]: Tharu/Tjaru/Tharo has been misidentified as being located at Tel Habuwa. This site is located two miles east of the Suez Canal. While ... and Israel crossed the Jordan in 1406 BC. During this time Timna and the port Island of Jezirat Faraun were under Egyptian control. 6. There were trade routes that crossed from Timna over to Egypt through the modern Sinai Peninsula. ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-southern-border-judah-territory-river-of-egypt-wadi-el-arish-tharu-rhinocolu.htm
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29: Midianite Pottery: The designer import of the ancient world.
Neutron Activation Analysis was conducted on Midianite pottery in 1991 and proved it was all made at Qurayyah where the kiln was discovered. Click to View When Israel took possession of ... until the mines were abandoned in 1200 BC. Then Egypt was expelled entirely from the Timna/Elat area by Solomon in 950 BC for a short time. This fits perfectly with what the Bible says. ... as the ancient metalworkers of the southernmost Arabah and in the area of the Red Sea." (Timna, Beno Rothenberg, 1969 AD) Timna and Jezirat Faraun were used at the same time and in conjunction with each other under Egyptian ... Prior to this some sherds of this ware had been found by N. Glueck during his survey of the eastern Arabah and Edom and called 'Edomite' ware. In 1935 Glueck dated this pottery correctly ... D. Midianite pottery found at Tell el-Kheleifeh (Elat) Midianite pottery was found at Elat (Tell el-Kheleifeh) "Like the fortresses and fortified settlements of the Negev, the pottery of Tell ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-midianite-pottery.htm
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30: The Edomites: From Esau to Edom to Idumea to Extinction 2006BC ...
... Notice when Edom's prince fled he was allied with Midian, another Transjordan nation: "Then the Lord raised up an adversary to Solomon, Hadad the Edomite; he was of the ... as the result of the handiwork of God." (The Civilization of the Edomites, Nelson Glueck, 1947 AD) This map put from Biblical Archeological Review, (Dec 1996) proves that ... when they came up from Egypt, and Israel went through the wilderness to the Red Sea and came to Kadesh, then Israel sent messengers to the king of Edom, saying, ... Numbers 27:14 "They journeyed from Ezion-geber and camped in the wilderness of Zin, that is, Kadesh. " Numbers 33:36 C. God "dawned from Seir", from the north at Sinai Click to View God came from the North (Seir and Edom) and from the distance grew larger and closer then finally descended upon mount Sinai. ... Rebekah learns of Esau's death plot and immediately sends Jacob to Laban: Wisely Rebekah tells Esau to flee because of the death threat but doesn't tell Isaac. Instead ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-edomite-territory-mt-seir.htm
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31: Kadesh-Barnea by Henry Clay Trumbull, 1884 AD
... THE BORDER OF EDOM. 35 his descendants. 1 " Mount Seir/ the range of mountains running southward from the Dead Sea, on the east of the Arabah, was a main feature of ... 6 Palxstina, p. 66. 86 KADESH-BARNEA. Indeed, Robinson himself had held another view than Roland s prior to his fixing of the site of Kadesh-barnca ; and in an ... he said, " the Israelites, in journeying three times between Kadesh and Ezion-geber, must have passed twice through Edom ; which we know was not permitted." 3 Here ... of Bible, II., 52) reports the Samaritan high priest as saying to him about Solomon : " Why, do you not know that his kingdom extended from El- Arish to Damascus; ... Neh. 11: 26.) The site of this place he would identify in the modern el-Milh or Tell Milh; and Wilton (The Negeb pp. 109-114,) sustains him in this identification. ... of rcqam: " Comparing the Arabic ( f^) ; the Syriac (VOJQ 5); and the Hebrew (OPT) ; I should take the radical meaning to be strike, thrust, whence dot, excavate. ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-henry-clay-trumbull-1884ad.htm
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32: The Exodus Route: Pi-Hahiroth
The Israel Red Sea camp was below the Egyptian military Migdol's watchful eye, at the tri-intersection of the three Gulfs directly opposite Baal-Zephon. Click to View Exodus Route home page Click to View Overview map (Click on photo for high resolution) Click to View Satellite map (Click on photo for high resolution) Click to View Goshen Succoth Migdol Etham Pi ... Herodotus said in 450 BC (2500 year ago) that a canal needed to be dug between the Mediterranean sea to the Red Sea and it was a four days journey. (Herodotus 2.158) This means that the sea level was about as we see it today. Also we have can use the archeological site of El-kheleifeh which was ancient Elat, (1000 BC) to determine sea levels have really not changed much in 3000 years. From the topographical map of Tell el-kheleifeh, we can see that the structure is built lower than the 4 meters above sea level only 500 meters from the shore of the Red Sea. This is not ancient Ezion Geber, so it was not built on the ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-pi-hahiroth.htm
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33: The southern border of Judah and Kadesh Barnea at Petra
... Solution: Kadesh is located Transjordan at Petra, which is both north of the southern boundary line of Judah and outside Canaan in modern Jordan. Click to View B. What else the bible says about the borders of all Israel: It is important to remember that from the time of the conquest in 1406 BC to the time of Solomon, the borders were from Dan in the north down to just south of Kadesh (Petra) in the south. However, for the 40 years Solomon was king, he controlled the section from Petra (Kadesh Barnea) south to the Red Sea (Elat and Ezion Geber) and the northern section from Dan to the Euphrates. "Every place on which the sole of your foot treads shall be ... It is located somewhere in modern Jordan east of the town of Aqaba. It is where Solomon built a fleet of ships. Ezion Geber is not located at either Elat or the island of Jezirat Faraun. G. Cities connected with the southern border of Judah: Now the cities at the extremity of the tribe of the sons of Judah toward the border of ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-southern-border-judah-territory.htm
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34: The Exodus Route: Red Sea Crossing
Click to View Wilderness of Egypt Click to View Succoth Click to View Migdol Click to View Etham Click to View Pi Hahiroth Click to View Baal Zephon Click to View Straits of Tiran The Red Sea Crossing Introduction: We only know with certainty, three of the nearly 50 places listed in the exodus between Egypt and the Jordan 40 years later. Rameses (Goshen), Ezion-Geber (modern Elat) and Mt. Nemo. God has chosen for us to know only the starting, midway and ending ... The date of the exodus was 1446 BC, in the 18th dynasty of Egypt, 480 years before Solomon built the Temple: 1 Kings 6:1. About 70 years later, Pharaoh Akhenaten (1379 - 1362 BC) would arise and promote a monotheism that worshipped the sun god Aten. All things ... All we know is that Mt. Sinai/Horeb is in the wilderness of Sinai. Find one and you have found the other! But the Bible doesn't specifically tell us where the wilderness of Sinai is located. If it did, we would not have 10 different candidate locations for Mt. ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-goshen-red-sea.htm
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35: Nuweiba Beach Red Sea crossing: Rejected, debunked, refuted
Sinai in Saudi Arabi, Jebel Lawz 3. Kadesh Barnea at Petra Click to View Click to View Overview map (Click on photo for high resolution) Click to View Satellite map (Click on photo for high ... Sinai must be in a direct line-of-sight sequence: Ex 16:1 23. After crossing the Red Sea, the first major directional change in course was at Elim. 24. Elim and the 2nd Red Sea camp were close to ... Sinai: Gal 4:25. 32. Hagar's two flights to Shur were south of not west of Hebron and Gerar. 33. The Hebrew camp was east of the summit of Mt. Sinai. 34. The Ezion-Geber Enigma. 35. The Wadi el-Arish is ... being only 15 km south of the land of Goshen. b. Lake Goshen in the Wadi Tumilat, the city of Goshen (Heroonpolis = Tell el-Maskhuta) and Pithom (Tell el-Retaba) were all inside the land of Goshen. ... it stood for 58 years from 1018-960 BC. The Ark of the Covenant was moved into the Temple of Solomon upon its completion in 960 BC and the tabernacle tent of Moses was moved from Gibeon and put ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-ruling-out-candiates-excluding-red-sea-crossing-points-kadesh-barnea.htm
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36: The Exodus Route: Wilderness of Shur
Click to View Satellite map (Click on photo for high resolution) Click to View Exodus locations: Click to View Wilderness of Shur Click to View Marah Click to View Elim Click to View Red Sea Camp Click to View Wilderness of Sin Click to View Dophkah ... The Wilderness of Shur, is the most important location for determining the exodus route. c. It is one of only four known places in the list of 50 exodus stops: Goshen/Ramses, Wilderness of Shur, Ezion Geber, Mt. Nebo. d. The Wilderness of Shur is ... This places the territory of Ishmael Transjordan and not in the modern Sinai Peninsula. The modern Sinai is west of Israel, not east. 10. Other Bible verses tell us that Ishmael lived Transjordan between the Gulf of Aqaba and Babylon: Gen 25:18; ... If the Ishmaelites did live in the territory of Judah, where current maps place the Wilderness of Paran, why did Joshua, David or Solomon never run into them? In fact, after entering the promised land, the Ishmaelites are only mentioned four ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-wilderness-of-shur-ishmaelites-midianites-amalekites.htm
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37: Reassessing the chronology of Biblical Edom, Thomas E. Levy, ...
... As this "tenth century BC debate" revolves around the historicity of biblical figures such as David and Solomon, the discussions are heated and extend beyond scientific dialogue into the media (Bunimovitz & Faust 2001; Finkelstein 1999; ... Surface mapping of the Khirbat en-Nahas site in 2002 revealed over 100 building complexes (Figure 2). The further aims of the 2002 season were to excavate and sample specific areas with a view to determining site function and the dates of ... plan of the four-chamber gate that is well known from numerous contemporary Iron Age sites in Israel/Palestine (Mazar 1990), including the known desert forts in the Araba/Arava region, such as Hatzeva (Cohen & Yisrael 1995) and Tell el-Kheleifeh (Glueck 1965) . ... We estimate that most of the slag mounds at Khirbat en-Nahas are at least 5.0 m in depth. Using conventional excavation methods, during our seven week excavation we were only able to excavate to a depth of c. 1.0 m in the 2.0 x 5.0 m excavation ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-reassessing-the-chronology-of%20biblical-edom-thomas-e-levy-2004ad.htm
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38: 'Edomite', `Negbite' And 'Midianite' Pottery From The Negev Desert ...
Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis Results J. Gunneweg 1991 AD (Edomite, Negev, Midianite Pottery: Neutron Activation Analysis, Gunneweg, 1991 AD) Click to View Archaeometry 33, 2 (1991), 239-253. Printed in Great Britain ... Judah were involved during the eighth to sixth century BC [wrong: the bible says that Solomon expanded control in 950 BC] in keeping the Negev defensible by holding this vast area populated as a buffer zone against unwanted wandering tribes who appeared to get too close to the territory of Judah and in protecting their interests by safeguarding the barren caravan trade routes which connected the 'Kings Road' (Arabia-Petra-Damascus) with Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea. ... Figure 1 Location map me the sites in the Neget. and Jordan pertinent to this study. This pottery was first found at Tell el-Kheleifeh, near Aqaba in Jordan, by N. Glueck in 1934 who called it Edomite' (Glueck 1967. fig. 2) and who dated it to the e. thirteenth to sixth century BC. In ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-pottery-edomite-negev-midianite-neutron-activation-analysis-j-gunneweg-1991ad.htm
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39: Kadesh Barnea is located at Petra, Beidha and Basta
... During the time of Solomon Mt. Nebo was part of the promised land. Yet even Kadesh at Petra was inside the land controlled by Israel under Solomon since he conquered the Edomites. The answer is simple to all this. a. First, Rueben ... Technically the southern limits of the Onomasticon should be Ailam (Ailath). The ruins are inland about one mile from Aqabah but not as far inland as Tell el Kbeleifah which is probably the older Ezion Geber (K. 36:l, cf. K. 34:23, 62:13, Josephus Antiquities, IX, 12, 1). It was the end ... The Arabah valley is easy to distinguish on a visual basis, since it would be to the right of the Dead Sea and above the three mountain ranges that Mampsis is located in the middle of. Perhaps Eusebius and the Madaba map were inspired ... Because the Jews spent 38 years there and 1.5 million Jews died and where buried at Kadesh. This all fits nicely with our view that Kadesh Barnea was located at or near Petra. Archeologists refer to Petra as "the city of the dead" "the ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea.htm
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40: Exodus Route: Men who misled the world away from truth
... Not a single archaeological claim they make is true including chariot wheels, columns of Solomon, split rock, Moses' altar, Aaron's golden calf altar, Noah's Ark, Anchors of Noah, Anchors of Paul, ... A. Gordon Franz: The Sinai Peninsula was Paul's Arabia: 1. Frantz believes Moses crossed the Red Sea at Bitter Lake and Mt. Sinai is in the Sinai Peninsula at Mt. Sin-Bishar. 2. Gordon Franz has ... Sinai CANNOT be and very little constructive analysis of a workable exodus route. For example, his published exodus route map doesn't even go through Ezion-Geber between his Mt. Sinai (Mt. Bin Bishar) and ... was located in the Wadi Tumilat, as was the city of Goshen (Heliopolis/Heroonopolis = "City of Heros" = Tell el-Maskhuta) and Pithom (Tell el-Retaba), all of which were inside the land of Goshen. ... The Madaba Map (AD 542) marks in sequence Pelusium, Ostracine, Rhinololura, Raphia and Gaze up the coast from the Nile. Pliny did not view the Sinai Peninsula as Arabia because the 100 km east of ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/exodus/bible-archaeology-Exodus-Route-deception-Apion-Queen-Helena-Henry-Trumbull-Ron-Wyatt-Bob-Cornuke-Lennart-Moller-Jim-Caldwell-Ryan-Mauro-Gordon-Franz-David-Rohl.htm
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41: Joshua's Altar on Mt. Ebal and the Lead Curse Tablet
... area." (How Can Kempinski Be So Wrong!, Adam Zertal, BAR, 1986 AD) Click to View Since 2004, Zertal now dates level II to 1250 BC. 8. Amazingly, Zertal has ... used by David and Solomon down to the Babylonian captivity when Paleo-Hebrew script went extinct. Under the oversight and direction of Ezra in 458 BC, Aramaic Hebrew, also known as "Square Hebrew" replaced the Paleo-Hebrew script. Aramaic Hebrew was the script of the Dead Sea Scrolls and the script used today in modern Israel. ... The three-letter spelling "YHH" is used in the Aramaic Elephantine papyri: 1. "Look after the tunic I left in the temple of YHH. Tell Uriyah it is to be dedicated." ... The goals for this season will be to locate and excavate the Middle Bronze Age palace, further explore the city's Bronze Age fortification system and penetrate the ... offering one, made of stone or clay (Haran 1970:778-779; Barrois 1953:386, 444; Glueck 1971:120-125) The burnt offering altar played a central role in the Israelite ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-altar-of-joshua.htm
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42: Ein El Qedeis: "Piltdown Kadesh" Kadesh Barnea: 1881 - 1916 AD
... Karl von Raumer and Edward Robinson, looked for Kadesh-Barnea in the Aravah, the deep geomorphic rift extending from the southern end of the Dead Sea to the Red Sea. ... Ein-Qedeis could not have been a major ancient center like Kadesh-Barnea." (Did I Excavate Kadesh-Barnea? absence of Exodus remains poses problem, Rudolph Cohen) ... H. Clay Trumbull; of Guthe also" (Modern Kadesh or Ein Kadis, George L. Robinson, The Biblical World, Vol. 17, No. 5., May, 1901AD) Click to View In 1910 AD, Nathan ... at Sbeta, a Byzantine city of unknown name, apparently resting on the rock, with not the slightest sign of a tell." It is rather to be looked for at El Meshrifeh. ... C. The Fortress at Ein Qedeis: (One of Solomon's network of military border fortresses) Click to View Date of the fortress at Ein Qedeis: The fortress Solomon built ... Click to View Quseima Click to View Nahas Click to View K. Ajrud Click to View Elat/Kheleifeh Click to View Haseva Click to View Loz D. The shape of all the ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-ein-qedeis.htm
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43: Exodus Route Maps: Old, Ancient, Antique, Vintage and Modern ...
Exodus Route Maps: Old, Ancient, Antique, Vintage and Modern maps Click to View Overview map Click to View Satellite map See also: The Exodus route proven from the Bible. See also: The Chronological History of "The search for Kadesh" Panorama photo gallery of Israel Alphabetic list of all panorama photographs Introduction: The exodus Route has about 50 stops and traverses 7 wildernesses. If we used the Bible exclusively, we can know only 3 of the of the 50 exodus stops for certain: Goshen, Ezion Geber, Mt. Nebo. Of the 7 wilderness areas Israel passed through, we only know one for certain: Wilderness of Shur. The search for the exodus route has produced many different options: Mt. Sinai (18 different locations) The Red Sea ... Musa, in the middle of the Sinai Peninsula. 2. The Egyptians must have known about the Sinai and Gulf of Aqaba, since they had a sea port at the north end of the Gulf of Suez and another at the island of Jezirat Faraun. This was to facilitate their mining ... ...
https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-maps.htm
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44: The Exodus Route: 22 Stops: Mt Sinai to 38 years at Kadesh Barnea
Click to View Overview map (Click on photo for high resolution) Click to View Satellite map (Click on photo for high resolution) Click to View Exodus locations: Click to View Kadesh Barnea Click to View Ezion Geber See also: Thirty-eight continuous years at Kadesh Top ten list of reasons why the exodus route was not discovered until now. Date of the Exodus is 1446 BC. The Pharaoh of the Exodus: Tuthmoses III (1479 - 1425 BC) Miracles of the Exodus and Red Sea Crossing Travel times, distances, days of the week Population of the Exodus Jews: 2.5 Million Hebrews left Egypt! Excluding various exodus ... There Miriam died and was buried." Many commentators mistakenly believe this was the 40th year, but they are wrong. The verse tells us they arrived at Kadesh in the first month but does not tell us the year! It does not say, "the first month in the 40th year". Since Israel left Sinai in the second month of the second year after leaving Egypt (14 months), this means they arrived at Kadesh in ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-sinai-kadesh-barnea.htm
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45: Ein Haseva Fortress: One of Solomon's network of military border ...
Click to View Introduction document: Solomon's network of military border fortresses Click to View Qudeirat Click to View Qedeis Click to View Quseima Click to View Nahas Click to View K. Ajrud Click to View Elat/Kheleifeh Click to View Haseva Click to View Loz Click to View Introduction: The fortress of Ein Haseva was one of many built by Solomon during his reign. Six different occupational levels have been discovered at this site ranging from 10th century BC to 7th century AD. There is no evidence that this site existed during the time of the ... More on Negev Pottery. "Diggers retrieved a complete handmade Negbite cooking-pot, made of rather coarse ware and exhibiting very crude manufacturing, from the southeastern room of this fortress. Negbite ware has been found at Tell el-Kheleifeh (Glueck 1939:13f; 1940:17f; Pratico 1985:23f) and in all three fortresses uncovered at Kadesh-Barnea (Cohen 1981;1983a), dating from the tenth to the beginning of the sixth centuries BCE." (The Iron ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-ein-haseva.htm
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46: The Exodus Route: 15 Stops between Kadesh Barnea to Jordan
The Exodus Route: 15 Stops between Kadesh Barnea to Jordan Click to View Exodus Route index page Click to View Miracles of the Exodus and Red Sea Crossing Click to View The way of the spies and Hormah Click to View Overview map (Click on photo for high resolution) Click to View Satellite map (Click on photo for high resolution) Click to View Exodus locations: Click to View Kadesh Barnea Click to View Mt. Hor Click to View Mt. Seir The sequence of movement after Mt. Sinai (modern Saudi Arabia): A. They left Mt. Sinai and passed by Ezion Geber, then Mt. Seir, then came to Kadesh Barnea. This is almost a straight line of travel north. From this we know that Mt. Seir is south of ... Deuteronomy 1:46 1. Many commentators mistakenly believe Num 20:1 was the 40th year, but they are wrong. The verse tells us they arrived at Kadesh in the first month, but does not tell us the year! It does not say, "the first month in the 40th year". Since Israel left Sinai in the second month of the second year ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-kadesh-barnea-jordan.htm
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47: The Ahoroni Fortress at Quseima: One of Solomon's network of ...
Click to View Qudeirat Click to View Qedeis Click to View Quseima Click to View Nahas Click to View K. Ajrud Click to View Elat/Kheleifeh Click to View Haseva Click to View Loz Map of the Quseima area: Click to View Click to View ... A larger spring at Qedeis and the largest spring at Qudeirat. Quseima was the center of the largest water supply in the Sinai. Click to View Ein Muweileh just west of Quseima. Solomon built three border fortresses in close proximity to three of the springs: Quseima and Qudeirat ... But as long as no finds permitting an unambiguous dating have surfaced, the controversy will continue." ("Aharoni Fortress" near Quseima, Zeev Meshel, 1994 AD) B. Strategic Location of Quseima: "The summit, 390 m above sea level, rises ... The large permanent settlement situated near the spring is Tell el-Qudeirat, which lies on the main road leading through the oasis." (The Fortress at Kadesh-Barnea, M Dothan, 1965) Click to View C. Varied shapes and sizes of fortresses: ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-quseima-ahoroni.htm
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48: The Exodus Route: Etham "Shut in by wilderness"
The Exodus Route: The Etham Backtrack Etham Hb. šûr = "wall" and Egyptian htm = "wall, fortress". "Shut in by wilderness" "Now the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, "Tell the sons of Israel to turn back and camp before Pi-hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea; you shall camp in front of Baal-zephon, opposite it, by the sea. "For Pharaoh will say of the sons of Israel, 'They are wandering aimlessly in the land; the wilderness has shut them in.'" Exodus 14:1-3 Click to View Click to View Overview map (Click on photo for high resolution) Click to View Satellite map (Click on photo for high resolution) Click to View Exodus Route home page ... The Straits of Tiran fit perfectly... because it is really where Israel crossed! At Nuweiba Israel is not trapped because there is an easy route north along the coast to Elat. In fact, some actually map the route between their Mt. Sinai at Mt. Musa to Ezion Geber, to the Nuweiba beach, then north as a normal easy route. I have personally driven from Mt. ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-etham.htm
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49: The Exodus Route: 2nd Red Sea Camp
... The 2nd Red Sea camp was located near Elim where scripture indicates they turned towards Mt. Sinai for the first time since crossing the Red Sea. Marah to the Wilderness of Sin Click to View D. How the traditional choice for 2nd Red Sea camp fails: Click to View Excluded Exodus Routes: Nuweiba Beech, Bitter lakes, Gulf of Suez, Mt. Musa, Mt. Karkom, Ein el-Qudeirat. The Bible says after crossing the Red Sea, Israel traveled 3 days in the Wilderness ... They always go into a long study of the Hebrew original or Egyptian hieroglyphics. But Red Sea is never used of a freshwater lake and we can be certain that Ezion-geber was on the SALTY Red Sea near Elat in the Territory of Edom: "King Solomon also built a fleet of ships in Ezion-geber, which is near Eloth on the shore of the Red Sea, in the land of Edom." (1 Kings 9:26) When these "sea of reeds" advocates are pressed for a location of a second Red Sea camp, they will then chose the SALTY Gulf of Suez. Did you catch that? After arguing ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-red-sea-camp.htm
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50: The Exodus Route: Travel times, distances, rates of travel, days ...
As featured in Tim Mahoney's Patterns of Evidence "The Red Sea Miracle" and "Journey to Mt. Sinai" Overview of the Exodus and Conquest: In 1446 BC, the 700 km trip from Goshen (Tell el-Dab'a) to Mt. Sinai took a total of took 47 days. After travelling day and night 500 km from Goshen, Israel made the 19 ... Aaron died on the 1st day of the 5th month of the 40th year of the wilderness wandering (summer 1407 BC). Shortly after mourning Aaron for 30 days, the people left Mount Hor which was beside Petra (Kadesh) and moved south to the Red Sea ("Yam Suph"- Deut 1:40 - Gulf of Aqaba) passing a second time through Ezion Geber (Deut 2:8). They journeyed east to avoid the Edomites living in the ... Click to View Exodus Route home page Click to View Thirty-eight continuous years at Kadesh Barnea Click to View Miracles of the Exodus and Red Sea Crossing Click to View Excluded Exodus Routes: Nuweiba Beech, Bitter lakes, Gulf of Suez, Mt. Musa, Mt. Karkom, Ein el-Qudeirat. Click to View Overview map ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-travel-times-distances-days.htm
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