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Timna This site has a fortress built by Solomon. It is strange that Solomon did not built a fortress at Timna. A logical reason would be that Khirbat ... control of this area." (Timna, Beno Rothenberg, 1969 AD) The pottery finds at Timna are almost identical to those found at Jezirat Faraun. ... The Kenites migrated with Moses to the promised land and settled in the Negev. They are the link between Israel and Midianite pottery. Although Egypt had two major mines (Timna and Serabit el-Khadem), ... the metal offerings attributed to the Midianites was ever found in the Hathor Temple at Serabit el-Khadem, where similarly no Midianite pottery exists, seems a strong argument for the proposed ethnic identification. ... the existence of fourteenth to twelfth century BC Negev and Midianite ware." (Timna, Beno Rothenberg, 1969 AD) The Papyrus Harris I, dates from ... It also show Trade routes & Evidence of extensive Egyptian control of Timna in 1500-1250 BC. A cartouche discovered in 1972 at Nahal Roded is ... ... https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-timna.htm

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Midianite Pottery: The designer import of the ancient world. ... the Negev. They are the link between Israel and Midianite pottery. Although Egypt had two major mines (Timna and Serabit el-Khadem), both of which had temples to Hathor, no Midianite presence was found at Serabit el-Khadem. This is powerful in that it proves the Kenites were partners at Timna with the Egyptians at Timan: "The fact that nothing like the metal offerings attributed to the Midianites was ever found in the Hathor Temple at Serabit ... Arabah and in the area of the Red Sea." (Timna, Beno Rothenberg, 1969 AD) Timna and Jezirat Faraun were used at the same time ... existence of fourteenth to twelfth century BC Negev and Midianite ware." (Timna, Beno Rothenberg, 1969 AD) A. Neutron Activation Analysis ... sherds (N27 and 28) from smelting site 2 at Timna show a chemical composition which is different from all pottery seen so far. ... At Qurayyah archaeologists discovered a major fortified citadel, a walled village and extensive irrigation works (see photo of citadel at ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-midianite-pottery.htm

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Negev Pottery: "Negev ware" "Negevite ware" Crude, hand made ... The disposable dinnerware of the ancient world. Click to View Pottery of the Bible Introduction: Negev ware pottery is hand made pottery ... One exception was the fortress at Kuntillet Ajrud, which lacked Negev pottery. "Surprisingly, the site yielded no "Negeb-type pottery" supposedly associated with the no-madic inhabitants of the area." (Kuntillet Ajrud, Ze'ev Meshel, Anchor Bible Dictionary, 1991 AD) Although Negev pottery is found on ... 51-54). (Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph Cohen, 1981 AD) Rothenberg is way off on a number of things. ... Although not enough archaeological evidence exists so far for the accurate dating of these settlements, the Timna Temple finds strongly ... Included among the wheelmade corpus are examples that belong to the so-called "Midianite," "Edomite," and "Assyrian" horizons. The former ... 1969 AD) Click to View At the Egyptian pagan temple of Hathor, they found Negev Pottery: Click to View "The absolute dates now ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-negev-ware-negevite-ware-hand-made-pottery.htm

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Timna: Valley of the Biblical Copper Mines, Beno Rothenberg, ... Timna: Valley of the Biblical Copper Mines Beno Rothenberg 1969 AD (Timna, Beno Rothenberg, 1969 AD) Ramesside Copper Mines ... Egyptian enterprise of the Ramesside Dynasties, working in conjunction with the local Midianite and Amalekite tribes. ... As only Site 2 was excavated it is impossible at present to establish detailed chronological data for these camps, apart from the fact that the pottery found on all of them indicates a Ramesside date as the general period for their operation. It would ... I') SMELTING CAMP 0 EXCAVATED SITE • OTHER SITES ve.- CLIFF — WADI COPPER REARING YOTVATA SANDSTONE NEGEV22.X'5 4,219A 4 ... in 1969 by the excavation of the Timna Temple, Site zoo, and the consequent dating of the pottery by the inscriptions found. ... Many of the flat bottoms of these bowls show mat-impressions. 3 Unique, pink-buff ware, decorated with bichrome geometrical ... Left, white sandstone votive basins found beneath the rock-engravings, similar to those found in the Hathor Temple Ramesside ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-timna-valley-of-the-biblical-copper-mines-beno-rothenberg-1969ad.htm

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'Edomite', `Negbite' And 'Midianite' Pottery From The Negev Desert ... Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis Results J. Gunneweg 1991 AD (Edomite, Negev, Midianite Pottery: Neutron Activation Analysis, Gunneweg, 1991 AD) Click to View Archaeometry ... remaining sites of the Negev does not exceed 0.1% of the total amount of excavated pottery fragments, whereas at Qadesh Barnea it amounts to 1 %, thus a factor of 10 higher than elsewhere; at the Qitmit shrine it constitutes the majority of all ceramics found there (over 200 vessels: pers. comm. I. Beit-Arieh). Another type of pottery with stylistic features similar to those of `Edomite' ware was found by B. Rothenberg in the Hathor shrine at Timna, which ... a set of pottery wasters from Israel's Negev (Beer Sheba) and Petra in Jordan (Gunneweg et al. forthcoming) so that a match of pottery with these wasters would be site-specific. ... Although Egyptian cartouches and other finds at Timna (including the Hathor Temple itself) may point to at least an Egyptian connection there, the picture obtained from this study ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-pottery-edomite-negev-midianite-neutron-activation-analysis-j-gunneweg-1991ad.htm

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Solomon's Fortress at Elat, Aqaba: Tell el-Kheleifeh and Jezirat ... ... Pottery found on the island by Rothenberg in 1972 and a small quantity collected by us in 1968 has been dated to Iron Age I (1200-930 B.C.) Rothenberg's excavation of the Hathor ... It was clearly the same Midianite (called at the time `Edomite) and Negev-type ware which had been found in the Timna smelting camps. Some of the sherds, especially fragments of ... In other words, it was proposed at the time to identify the island of Jezirat Fara'un with the Biblical harbour of Ezion Geber. With the new evidence from the Timna Temple ... Since 1967 the expedition has re-investigated the island of Jezirat Fara'un and a large amount of pottery was collected there. These investigations and the finds on the island confirmed once more the dates previously proposed, including the existence of fourteenth to twelfth century BC Negev and Midianite ware." (Timna, Beno Rothenberg, 1969 AD) H. Solomon's fortress of Tell el-kheleifeh (Ancient Elat, not Ezion-geber) "The site can, however, easily be bypassed. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-ezion-geber-elat-aqaba.htm

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Solomon's network of military border fortresses in the Negev It is clear that Pharaoh Shishak destroyed the fortresses in 924 BC. We even have his account etched into the stone at Temple of Amon in ... on the mountains." 1 Chronicles 12:8 There is no indication that Solomon built the extensive network of 50 fortresses under discussion here. ... His Southern Border, Rudolph Cohen, 1985 AD) "The sites have produced no Midianite ware or other types that might imply a much earlier date. ... building phases during the time of the fortress's existence, but he recognized both pre- and post fortress settlement periods on the site. ... the view of Dothan of the "pre-fortress" period based upon Negev ware pottery alone: "The wheel-made pottery finds were mainly from the 8th-7th ... He openly rejects the views of Ussishkin. Rothenberg: 1969 (Timna, Beno Rothenberg) Built by Amalekites in 1300 BC. Destroyed by King ... In the author's opinion, the wheel-made pottery found in the excavations and surveys of the first three fortress types clearly belongs to the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-davids-negev-border-fortress-network.htm

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The Bible and Radiocarbon Dating: Archaeology, Text and Science ... ... The textural reference is shown below: `In the fifth year of King Rehoboam, Shishak king of Egypt attacked Jerusalem. He carried off the treasures of the Temple of the Lord and the treasures of the royal ... 11, this volume). Area M-Slag Mound Perhaps the most ubiquitous feature at KEN is the more than 30 extensive mounds of slag that mostly frame the perimeter of the site (Fig. 10.1; Levy et al. 2004: 869). ... The climate of the region is arid; the average annual rainfall ranges from about 125 mm in the north to 75 mm in the south (Bruins 1986). Geoarchaeological excavations at the site of Horvat Haluqim proved ... An early date was proposed by Rothenberg (1967, 1972, 1988, 1999) on the basis of his exten-sive excavations at Timna. Besides Egyptian and Midianite pottery, Negev-ware (Negbite) pottery was also found in the Timna excavations, dating on Egyptian evidence from the late 14th to the 12th centuries (Ramesside): 'We are led to suggest that these local inhabitants of the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-bible-and-radiocarbon-dating-archaeology-text-and-science-thomas-e-levy-thomas-higham-2005ad.htm

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Jezirat Faraun: Is This Solomon's Seaport? Alexander Flinder ... Solomon had previously sought assistance from Hiram, king of Tyre, when Solomon built the Holy Temple in Jerusalem. Here is the Biblical ... Glueck also pointed to what he thought was copper slag at the site and extensive sulfuric discoloration of the walls of the smelting ... Glueck dated the pottery he found at the site to King Solomon's time (tenth century B.C.). He also found a casemate wall (two parallel walls with intermittent ... Then in 1962 Beno Rothenberg, who had served as Glueck's chief assistant and photographer, published a paper entitled "Ancient Copper ... We soon abandoned this idea when it became apparent how common this pottery was at contemporary sites in the Negev."7 Glueck also revised ... Our underwater research revealed additional Byzantine pottery and some medieval glazed ware. The harbor and its entrance were surveyed in ... to Iron Age I (1200-930 B.C.) Rothenberg's excavation of the Hathor (Khat-KHOR) Temple at Timmah,16 north of Eilat, has produced ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-jezirat-faraun-is-this-solomons-seaport-alexander-flinder-1989ad.htm

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Nelson Glueck's 1938-1940 Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh: A ... ... Given the uncertainty of field provenance and the chronology of "Midianite" pottery, which can antedate the Tell el-Kheleifeh ... The largest pottery horizon in the Tell el-Kheleifeh repertoire is "Negevite" ware, accurately described when first ... refined the chronology and distribu-tion of this pottery. It is surely attested throughout the Iron Age and perhaps even earlier and later (Rothenberg 1972: 153-54; Cohen 1981: 102). These wares have been found at numerous Iron Age sites, especially the fortresses and fortified settlements of the Negev. They include Horvat Haluqim (Cohen 1976: 34-50), 'Atar ... A few "Negevite" vessels have been excavated at the Jordanian site of Buseirah (Bennett 1975: fig. 6:8, 12). A typology of ... The interiors are characterized by extensive architecture, not open court-yards as in the fortress tradition. The suggested ... Israel Exploration Journal 17: 1-12. 1968 Arad: Its Inscriptions and Temple. Biblical Archaeologist 31: 2-32. 1971a The ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-nelson-gluecks-1938-1940-excavations-tell-el-kheleifeh-reappraisal-gary-pratico-1985ad.htm

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Archaeology and the Religions of Canaan and Israel, Beth Alpert ... ... Tel Haror, a large MB IIC walled city on the north bank of Wadi Gerar in the Negev Desert, contains a well-preserved ... new sanctuary, Rowe's Building 10, was part of an extensive complex that included rooms, courtyards and a number of altars. ... they ranged from the MB II through the Late Bronze Age, even though the local pottery was exclusively thirteenth century. ... The anomalous configuration of architectural, artifactual and human remains in the Amman Airport Mortuary Site has ... Age (Level VIIa) temple (de Vaux 1957: 574-77), is now understood to have been an Iron I house (Chambon 1984: 20). Sanctuaries, cultic installations and religious texts dating to the Late Bronze Age were found at Timna and Serabit el-Khadim (Beit-Arieh 1987; Rothenberg 1988). These sacred places dedicated to Hathor (Giveon 1978; ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE RELIGIONS OF CANAAN AND ... Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 42: 213-23. 1999 Chocolate-on-White Ware: Typology, Chronology, and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-archaeology-and-the-religions-of-Canaan-and-israel-beth-alpert-nakhai.htm

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Pottery of the Bible lands Included in the local assemblage are a large number of hand-made bowls and holemouth jars that have often been referred to in other reports as Negebite Ware, and taken as indications of an early date. In the context of Khirbat en-Nahas they ... from smelting site 2 at Timna show a chemical composition which is different from all pottery seen so far. This 'Midianite' pottery is chemically characterized by an unusually low calcium content ( 0.5%) and high lanthanum and thorium (75 and 25 ppm respectively), whereas cobalt is low (6.5 ppm). (Edomite, Negev, Midianite Pottery: Neutron Activation Analysis, Gunneweg, 1991 AD) The result of the scientific tests was stunning, since it proved that indeed Midianite pottery found in the Negev was imported ... Although Egyptian cartouches and other finds at Timna (including the Hathor Temple itself) may point to at least an Egyptian connection there, the picture obtained from this study is much more complicated. By tracing the copper of Timna one ... ... https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-pottery.htm

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Ein El-Qudeirat is not Kadesh Barnea: : Wrongly identified as ... ... But all this was thrown aside and forgotten when a larger spring was found 6 km north at Qudeirat. Ein El-Qudeirat means "Fountain of Omnipotence" or "Fountain of ... The site was surveyed in 1934 by N. Glueck, in 1937 by R. de Vaux, and in 1956 by Y. Aharoni. In 1956, M. Dothan carried out excavations in the fortress of ... 1983, 93-4)". (Edomite, Negev, Midianite Pottery: Neutron Activation Analysis, Gunneweg, 1991 AD) "In fact, Ein-Qedeis is a shallow pool of water surrounded by a desert wasteland. ... by the latter, was far more extensive than Wady Ayn el-Qadayrat; and was suited to be a place of protected and permanent encampment, as the latter could not be. ... el-Qudeirat, Rudolph Cohen, 1981 AD) H. "Negevite" ware pottery found Ein El-Qudeirat: More on Negev Pottery. ""Negev" pottery cannot be used for dating purposes. ... until the end of the Iron Age-that is, until the destruction of the First Temple in 587 B.C. The Negev ware found at Kadesh-Barnea included cooking pots, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-ein-el-qudeirat.htm

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The Fortresses King Solomon Built to Protect His Southern Border ... In 1961, Beno Rothenberg also surveyed the area of Nahal Horsha and Nahal Kadesh Barnea.3 In 1965, I began my own work in this area. In the second half of the 1960s, I led a survey on behalf of the ... Two distinct types of pottery were found in the fortresses, hand-made and wheel-made. The particular kind of hand-made pottery found is restricted to the Negev, so scholars call it "Negbite" ware. Negbite ware was first observed by Woolley and Lawrence in their pre-World War I ... In the swath of destruction, he took the fortified towns of Judah. But Shishak "did not destroy [Rehoboam] entirely." A more extensive description of the campaign was inscribed by Shishak himself on the walls of the Temple of Amon in Karnak. In this victory inscription, which is one of the most ... The list includes, for example, the fortress of Great Arad, which clearly refers to the site still bearing that name. Identifying the other fortresses referred to by Shishak is more problematic, but it may ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/fortresses-king-solomon-built-to-protect-his-southern-border-rudolph-cohen-1985ad.htm

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Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph ... ... E. H. Palmer, in the course of his extensive tour of the Sinai, the Negev, Edom, and Moab, also passed through the region and, although ... training to study Tell el-Qudeirat. They not only identified the site with Kadesh-barnea but also recognized its strategic position at ... branching off toward the Arabah and Edom; and the road which led south of the Central Negev to Eilat (Woolley and Lawrence 1914-15: 71). ... They were unable to locate the gate (Woolley and Lawrence 1914-15: 64-66). BIBLICAL ARCHEOLOGIST/ SPRING 1981 95 Left: Pottery of the 7th-6th centuries B.C.E. found in Locus ... There were also two characteristically delicate CyproPhoenician juglets and fragments of painted "Edomite" ware. Crude handmade pottery ... Robinson, E. 1860 Biblical Researches 2, 2nd ed. Boston: Crocker and Brewster. Rothenberg, B. 1972 Timna. London: Thames and Hudson. ... Tufnell, 0.; Inge, C.; and Harding, L. 1940 Lachish (Tell ed-Duweir) II: The Fosse Temple. Oxford: Oxford University. Woolley C. L, and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-excavations-at-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-ba-1976-1982ad.htm

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Mt. Sinai located in Arabia: Galatian 4:25 ... living in traditional ancient Arabia moved north and east from Midian to the ancient site of Kadesh Barnea at Petra. ... his reign the kingdom reached its highest point, both economically and in its architecture, sculpture, painting and pottery. ... by the years for which Aretas IV had reigned, have been found in every quarter of the kingdom, from northern Arabia in ... the kingdom and penetrated the Negev, where they destroyed Oboda and the forts on the Petra-Gaza road." (The Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land, Nabateans, 1986 AD) Echoing the Edomites who burned the temple of Solomon in 587 BC, the ... Moudaros begot Kourasos, Kaisos, Themimes, Asados, and others unknown. All of them dwelt in the Midianite desert and kept ... when he was developing the infrastructure to support the extensive caravan trade from Babylon and the lands of southern ... trade traffic through Rhinocolura and "Port Azotus [Ashdod] as a trading place for their own ware" (Mela 1.14; 1.60-63). ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-Mount-Sinai-in-Arabia-exodus-route-Nabatean-kingdom-territory-AretasIV-Arabia-Petrea-New-Testamt-Mt-Sinai-Lawz-Ishmael-Apostle-Paul-36AD-Galatians-4-25.htm

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Joshua's Altar on Mt. Ebal and the Lead Curse Tablet ... In 2004 Zertal dates the rectangular altar to 1250 BC. "More important, however, is that they [the pottery discovered] fix a date for the ... The curse tablet was found in Zertal's excavation dump of Joshua's altar which he determined was abandoned around 1150 BC, dating the curse ... its deep location hints at Stratum II." (An Early Iron Age Cultic Site On Mount Ebal: Excavation Seasons 1982-1987 Preliminary Report, Adam ... incense and libation altars from the Hathor temple at Serabit el-Khadim which Petrie dated to the Late Bronze Age and identified as of Semitic (i.e. ... Recent extensive archaeological surveys of the central hill country, however, reveal clearly the process of Israelite settlement as a major ... This type accompanies the Israelite settlement and other cultures in Canaan from the upper Galilee to Tel Masos in the Negev. Parallels are ... and the Late Bronze Age-Iron Age I miners' shrine at Timna (Rothenberg 1983-1984: Fig. 49), where many such bracelets were unearthed and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-altar-of-joshua.htm

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The Exodus Route: A scriptural proof, with the witness of history ... ... Moses then provoked astonishment. It is the year of astonishment because of the Lady [Hathor-the cow goddess]". See details: Sinai Moses ... he then proceeded one station over the desert, and pitched his camp at the temple of the Casian Jupiter, and on the next day at Ostracine. ... The conquest of Gaza by Alexander Jannaeus, the Hasmonean monarch, in about 100 bc put an end to the Nabatean hold on the Negev. At the end ... nomadic tribes from Arabia, whose rock drawings and graffiti were found on rocks around the site." (The Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land, Oboda, 1986 ... During his reign the kingdom reached its highest point, both economically and in its architecture, sculpture, painting and pottery. Except ... And his brothers listened to him. Then some Midianite traders passed by, so they pulled him up and lifted Joseph out of the pit, and sold ... Indeed, Abraham visited Kadesh Barnea about 2050 BC in Genesis 14:7 when it was called "En-mishpat". Even with extensive professional ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route.htm

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Khirbat en-Nahas Fortress: Part of Solomon's network of military ... ... The site is situated in an area where numerous outcrops of copper ore were mined in the Saharo -Arabian desert zone, at the eastern margin of the Araba/Arava valley that separates modern Jordan and Israel. The amount of slag left by the ... of slag (Rothenberg 1987). Khirbat en-Nahas was first discovered at the turn of the nineteenth century by the Czech orientalist, Alois Musil (Musil 1907), visited by the German researcher F. Frank (Frank 1934), but made famous by the American archaeologist, Nelson Glueck in the 1930s (Glueck 1935)." (Reassessing the chronology of Biblical Edom, Thomas E. Levy, 2004 AD) E. Pottery: See our pottery page. The pottery found at KEN is typical of what is found at all of the Negev fortresses: Midianite pottery is the ... Included in the local assemblage are a large number of hand-made bowls and holemouth jars that have often been referred to in other reports as Negebite Ware, and taken as indications of an early date. In the context of Khirbat en-Nahas ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-khirbat-en-nahas.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-did-i-excavate ... ... The springs of Ein el-Qudeirat are the richest and most abundant in the Sinai; they water the largest oasis in northern Sinai. The site today is remarkably lovely, with acre after acre of fruit and nut trees cultivated by the local Bedouin. The tell was ... On the contrary, it must be dated on the basis of wheel-made pottery found with it. The earliest Negev pottery has been dated in this way to about the 13th or 12th century B.C., the period of the Exodus. Our excavations at Kadesh-Barnea indicate that Negev ware continued to be produced until the end of the Iron Age—that is, until the destruction of the First Temple in 587 B.C. The Negev ware found at Kadesh-Barnea included cooking pots, kraters, cups, and bowls of various kinds, ... These more experimental forms are associated primarily with the later levels of the site. Oldest fortresses built by Solomon in 950 BC: The earliest fortress at Kadesh-Barnea belonged to an extensive fortress network which ran across the Central Negev, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-did-i-excavate-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-bar-1981ad.htm

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The "Aharoni Fortress" Near Quseima and the "Israelite Fortresses ... ... On the rock itself were ash stains of a fire; we ascribe these to the building stage of the site. The entire area of the gate was full of debris, lying in such a way as to indicate destruction in ... Among the few sherds found in the debris, down to floor level, were a fragment of a burnished bowl, the neck of a juglet, and the rim of a jar. No sherds of Negev ware were found. The walls of the gatehouse are ... Not one complete or even restorable vessel was found. As usual in sites of this category in the Negev, the pottery was of two types: ordinary, wheel-made pottery, characteristic of the Iron Age; ... The sites have produced no Midianite ware or other types that might imply a much earlier date. The exact date of construction could be anywhere between the late 11th and the mid-10th century. ... 471). 10The major representatives of this view, with some variations, are, in this order: Rothenberg (1967: 88-92), Eitam (1988: n. 71), Finkelstein (1990) and Herzog (1990). 11 "The existence ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-aharoni-fortress-near-quseima-israelite-fortresses-in-negev-zeev-meshel-1994ad.htm

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(The Iron Age Fortresses in the Central Negev, Rudolph Cohen ... Department of Antiquities and Museums, Jerusalem, Israel (The Iron Age Fortresses in the Central Negev, Rudolph Cohen, 1979 AD) The Discovery ... On the basis of the potsherds found in the debris they dated the fortresses to sometime in the late second to early first millennium B.C. In addition, they identified the pottery as "Syrian" in type, concluding from this that the fortresses had not been Egyptian outposts (1914-15: ... The Surveys of Glueck and Aharoni Research on the fortresses resumed in the late 1950's and 60's. Extensive archaeological surveys, directed ... The author also conducted four seasons of excavations between 1976-78 at the important fortress site of Tel Kadesh-barnea (Tell 'Ain ... One phase of occupation was detected in the fortress, but to the northwest of the hill are traces of a small settlement (Rothenberg 1967: pl. ... pottery, called "Negev" ware, characteristic of Iron Age sites in certain parts of the Negev. 1. The wheel-made pottery (cf. fig. 14:1-12). ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-iron-age-fortresses-central-negev-rudolph-cohen-1979ad.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-kadesh-barnea ... ... In 1956, Dothan conducted excavations at the site, and was able to clarify many details connected with the ground plan of the fortress. Dothan ascribed its construction to the 8th-7th centuries B.C.E. (during the reign of Jehoshaphat), and its destruction to about the same time as that of the First Temple (586 B.C.E.). He also distinguished a phase, preceding the erection of the fortress, which he associated with the so-called "Negebite" pottery - crude, handmade vessels characteristic of the central Negev. A settlement phase could also ... The finds on the floors of these two building units included, in addition to wheelmade pottery, "Negebite" ware, such as small knob-decorated bowls, a ... Wheelmade pottery characteristic of the 8th-7th centuries B.C.E. was found on the floors of the rooms of the middle fortress along with numerous ... Archaeological surveys conducted in the area of Kadesh-barnea point to extensive settlement in the periods preceding the First Temple. Numerous ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-kadesh-barnea-fortress-judaean-israel-museum-1983ad.htm

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Origin of the Philistines, Sea Peoples, Pentapolis Cities, Goliath This artificial appellation was coined by Arthur Evans, excavator of Knossos, a major site on Crete, based on Minos, an ancient ruler of Crete ... Iron age in Canaan because of the Philistines conquered the Asia and the Levant in 1177 BC. 5. Philistine monochrome and bichrome pottery: a. ... Decorated Ware, etc.) begins to appear with the first appearance of the Philistine culture in Canaan (ca. late 13th to early 12th cent. ... and parallels to these names may be found on Crete and in western Anatolia (Achtemeier 1985, 790; Buttrick 1962, 3:792; Albright 1975, 513). ... The first mention of the Cherethites, is when the Amelekites raided them in the Negev and David at Ziglag: "We made a raid on the Negev of the ... pictorial reliefs in the magnificent mortuary temple of Pharaoh Ramesses III (c. 1184-1153) at Medinet Habu in the Theban necropolis in Egypt. ... (Yale Bible dictionary) 7. "In the latter half of the second millennium b.c. there were extensive movements in the eastern Mediterranean area. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeology-origin-of-the-Philistines-Pentapolis-Sea-Peoples-Crete-Rameses-III-Medinet-Habu-Mortuary-temple-reliefs-inscriptions-Thebes-1077BC.htm

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Transjordan Early Edom And Moab 1900 BC ... In other Egyptian documents, the Shasu are attested securely all the way from north Sinai and the Negev up into Syria as far as Qadesh (cf. Giveon 1971), so Astour's view is ... Koenig, Y. 1990 Les Textes d'Envoinement de Mirgissa. RdE 41:101-125. Kyle, M.G. 1908 Some Geographic and Ethnic Lists of Rameses at the Temple of Luxor. RT 30:222-223. Leclant, J. ... It was excavated in 1960, 1963 and 1965 (Bennett 1966; Bienkowski 1990a:91-95). One of the main aims of the excavation was to obtain a group of stratified pottery from Edom. Bennett excavated c. 700 m.2, less than one-third of the whole site. She found a group of ... Two further groups (13, 14) have also been defined. Baja III: Baja III revealed an assemblage of hard and coarse ware, mostly cooking pots, bag-shaped jars and large storage jars. ... What is needed in archaeological surveys of this region is a more balanced approach in which large- scale extensive surveys are balanced against smaller, intensive surveys, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-edomites-early-edom-and-moab-piotr-bienkowski-1992ad.htm

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The Exodus Route: The Archaeology of Mt. Lawz as Mt. Sinai ... and Amalekites were Transjordan nations "of the east" and did not live in the Wilderness of Egypt (Sinai Peninsula) or the Judean Negev. b. ... Sinai must be near Midian since Hobab must have been familiar with the local area to be scout. How could a Midianite be a scout in the modern ... Masyoon or Al-Jish fenced site: 28.631767° 35.379587°, 1422 m k. Mysterious, top secret, unknown, fenced site: 28.621000° 35.395662°, 1460 ... The massive Jewish and Islamic cemetery east of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem are an example of graves located near holy places. The author ... 21-24. If one for more stones were found with ancient Hebrew inscriptions warning to "keep out", this would be strong evidence of the Exodus. ... If excavations found Iron II pottery dating to the time of Elijah in 866 BC when he fled to Sinai, that would provide evidence that it might ... Maqla region are not Egyptian and look very different from Egyptian depictions of the sacrificial Apis bulls or that of Hathor the cow goddess ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-mt-sinai.htm

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Petra, Jordan: Biblical Kadesh Barnea, Sela, Joktheel, En-mishpat ... ... The crevice at Petra is not unique to the Arabah valley area or the Negev, but it is the only one is called "Rock". Perhaps Petra was called ... There was also perhaps a desire to match the city's prosperity from trade with appropriate symbols of success. Extensive use of pipelines ... Journal, 2005, 15:1:93-109) "The piping systems east of the Great Temple reflect late Roman modifications to supply additional water for ... Then, around 7000 BC, some more sophisticated Neolithic people occupied the abandoned site and over the next 500 years lived here in a settled ... By the Middle/Late Bronze Age, settled villages are no longer found in the south, though several occur in better agricultural areas further ... G. Pottery of Nabatean Petra: "Conclusions: 5.1 Pottery manufacture in Petra: 1. The samples in G XV, the sample group local to Petra (in ... some specialisation in the production areas of Nabataean painted ware and lamps, with Petra (and the surrounding areas, maybe including ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra.htm

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enclosed-settlements-negeb-wilderness-beer-sheba-zeev-herzog ... ... Since recent discoveries have shown that the Negebite ware had an extremely wide chronological range—from the 13th century B.C. at Timna (Rothenberg 1972: 180-82) to the end of the Iron Age at Kadesh-barnea (Cohen 1980: 77)—the presence of this ware cannot, of course, support any particular date within the Iron Age for these sites. Cohen's suggestion to relate this ware to the Kenites (1980: 77) is apparently contradicted by the evidence from the only site so far attributed to this tribe, namely Stratum XII at Arad (Mazar 1965: 303), since no Negebite ware was uncovered in this stratum (M. Aharoni 1981). The wheel-turned vessels found in the Negev fortresses are dated by Cohen exclusively to the 10th century B.C., and he thus attributes these sites to the reign of Solomon (Cohen 1980: 77-78). According to Meshel, however, this pottery cannot be dated any more precisely than the 11 th- 10th centuries B.C. On historical grounds, he prefers to associate these structures with "one of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-enclosed-settlements-negeb-wilderness-beer-sheba-zeev-herzog-1983ad.htm

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Kuntillet Ajrud Fortress and Ostraca: One of Solomon's network ... ... The reigns of Jehoram, Ahaziah, and Athaliah (between 850 and 837 B.C.E.) seem distinct possibilities. However, the period of Joash king of Israel (ca. 801-786 B.C.E.), who captured Amaziah king of Judah, broke down the wall of Jerusalem, and seized the treasures of the Jerusalem temple and palace (2 Kgs 14:1-16 = 2 Chr 25:1-24) seems especially well suited. This would be reinforced if the reconstruction of on the top line of the Bes figurine ... This strengthens the conclusion that Kuntillet 'Ajrud was a unique place, and is a factor that should be taken into account when the character and function of the site are being evaluated." (The Rectangular Fortress at Kadesh Barnea, David Ussishkin, 1995 AD) 4. More recent examinations of both Carbon 14 and pottery reading have dated the site to the period of 830-775 BC. B. The structure, finds a lack of Negev ware pottery found: More on Negev Pottery. "The Western Structure. The walls of structure A are at points preserved to a height ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-kuntillet-ajrud.htm

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Ein Haseva Fortress: One of Solomon's network of military border ... The ambivalence of archeologists to use this crude ancient hand made pottery in establishing a specific date, like wheel made pottery, does not change the fact that if the site was built by Solomon, we would expect to find Negevite war. The absence, not the presence of this pottery is what would disqualify Solomon as the ... by Josiah (second half of the seventh century BCE), was destroyed after a relatively short existence around the time of the destruction of the First Temple (586 BCE)." (The Iron Age Fortresses at En Haseva, Rudolph Cohen, 1995 AD) "Stratum 6 (The Early Fortress): Among the earliest remains uncovered at En Haseva ... It appears to be a fortress, similar in plan to those found at several Iron Age sites in the central Negev (Cohen 1995)." (The Iron Age Fortresses at En Haseva, Rudolph Cohen, 1995 AD) B. "Negevite" ware pottery found: More on Negev Pottery. "Diggers retrieved a complete handmade Negbite cooking-pot, made of rather coarse ware and exhibiting very ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-ein-haseva.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-judahs-last-outpost-carol ... ... pottery found throughout the country; and (2) hand-made pottery, sometimes known as Negev ware, which consists of a few, relatively simple forms found only at sites in the central and southern Negev. While the wheel-made pottery is quite well known, the origin and development of the hand-made vessels are problematic. Kadesh Barnea: Tenth Century and Later Therefore, in order to investigate the matter of hand-made Negev pottery as well as to clarify the western boundary of the central Negev and the Judean hold on it, Cohen turned to the site of Kadesh Barnea, where he fielded an excavation in January, 1976, on behalf of the Department of Antiquities and Museums of Israel. ... attributed it to the nomadic potters of the Negev who used it mainly for domestic purposes.`' Rothenberg holds that this pottery is Amalekite.19 Finally, Cohen would generalize upon Glueck's impressions and identify the pottery with Israelite-related groups and ultimately with the Israelites themselves. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-judahs-last-outpost-carol-meyers-1976ad.htm

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The Ahoroni Fortress at Quseima: One of Solomon's network of ... According to the general plan of the site and the finds, it may clearly be classified as one of the "Israelite fortresses in the Negev."" ("Aharoni Fortress" near Quseima, Zeev Meshel, 1994 AD) A. Date of the fortress at Quseima: "The sites have produced no Midianite ware or other types that might imply a much earlier date. The exact date of construction could be anywhere between the late 11th and the mid-10th century. This wide margin enables some scholars to base their conjectures on historical interpretation or models of some sort (e.g., King Solomon as builder and Shishak as destroyer), rather than ... Had they built on the slope, according to Herzog's prescription, the personnel within could not have had an unobstructed view in all directions." (The "Aharoni Fortress" Near Quseima and the "Israelite Fortresses" in the Negev, Zeev Meshel, 1994 AD) Click to View D. Negev pottery found at Quseima: More on Negev Pottery. The main finds, as stated, were potsherds. Not one complete or ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-quseima-ahoroni.htm

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Reassessing the chronology of Biblical Edom, Thomas E. Levy, ... ... In fact, the dating of pottery sequences from the Edomite plateau are tied to the seventh and sixth centuries BC largely by a single bulla, or clay impression, found at Umm el-Biyara (Bienkowski 1990). This ... contemporaneous copper production at Timna was much smaller (Rothenberg 1999), while New Kingdom activities at Bir Nasib, on the Sinai Peninsula, possibly left another 100 000 tons of slag (Rothenberg 1987). ... However, following in Glueck's footsteps, McDonald's SGNAS Survey identified it as an entirely Iron Age site (MacDonald 1992), clearly logging the surface pottery from the site to the Iron Age I and II (ibid. Plate 18: 1-10), and also noted the presence of Negebite Ware at the site. Surface mapping of the Khirbat en-Nahas site in 2002 revealed over 100 building ... The dating of the Midianite ware is still problematic since although it starts as early as the fourteenth century the evidence for the end of the production of this pottery is not yet well defined. The ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-reassessing-the-chronology-of%20biblical-edom-thomas-e-levy-2004ad.htm

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Ezion-Geber, Nelson Glueck, Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh ... of a copper smelting site on a low shoreline foothill at Mrashrash, now incorporated into Eilat, immediately overlooking the northwest end of the Gulf of Aqabah. ... When we first examined the potsherds, copper slag, bits of copper ore and implements on the surface of Tell el-Kheleifeh, it was seen that the pottery remains dated from ... its good soil that supports flourishing and extensive date palm groves, its fine anchorage and its command of cross-roads to and from Arabia. Nothing earlier than Nabataean remains could be found at Aila immediately to the west of Aqabah and nothing earlier than Byzantine and mediaeval Arabic at Aqabah itself. ... pp. 453-78; BA, XXII (1959), 89-94; G. E. Wright, BA, XXIV (1961), 59-62; B. Rothenberg, Palestine Exploration Quarterly, XCIV (1962), 5-71; Illustrated London News, ... We believe that this crude, handmade ware was largely the work of Kenites, Rechabites, Calebites, Yerahmeelites and related inhabitants of the Negeb and the Wadi Arabah ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-nelson-gluecks-tell-el-kheleifeh-1965ad.htm

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The Iron Age Fortresses at En Haseva, Rudolph Cohen, 1995 AD ... included repair-ing the Temple, removing the worship of strange gods from Jerusalem and the surrounding villages, and dismantling the high places found within the boundaries of his kingdom. ... This as yet unidentified goddess was part of an assemblage of about five hundred complete or fragmentary figurines and reliefs gathered at the site. The collection shares many iconographic ... Where does one look for the origins of the artistic tradi-tion of the pottery? Beck found Phoenician elements and various Transj ordanian traditions in the iconographic mate-rial from Horvat Qitmit (Beck 1986; ... a number of complete ceramic and stone ves-sels characteristic of the ninth-eighth centuries BCE: a cooking-pot, juglets, a storage jar, and an Achzib-type jug (Phoenician red-slipped ware). ... It appears to be a fortress, similar in plan to those found at several Iron Age sites in the central Negev (Cohen 1995). Diggers retrieved a complete handmade Negbite cooking-pot, made of rather ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-iron-age-fortresses-negev-ein-haseva-rudolph-cohen-1995ad.htm

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Nimrod and the Archaeology of the Tower of Babel by Steven Rudd ... ... access and retrieval system without the authors written permission. Cover: Nimrod in his first mudbrick Temple (XVII) offering a Goatfish sacrifice to Enki dating to 3200 BC as per excavations at Eridu (Babel, Tel Abu ... Archaeological terms: 1. Assemblage: A collection of pottery and objects excavated at a single site or within one or more stratum which sometimes become diagnostic at other sites for dating. Assemblages found at Ubaid, Uruk 2. ... lands of the Bible starting at Greece then sweeping through Turkey, Syria, Judea and Egypt 5. Khirbet Kerak Ware: A distinctive and high-quality Early Bronze I pottery style found at ancient Tel Khirbet Kerak (Philoteria) located on the southern shore of the sea of Galilee. 6. Locus: (Plural ... Babylonian: 605 BC 605-539 Babylonian (Iron III) Babylonian captivity first attack on Jerusalem: 605 Edomites enter Judean Negev: 605 Fall of Jerusalem in 587 Persian: 539 BC 539-333 Persian Darius & Cyrus capture Babylon in 539 ... ... https://www.bible.ca/nimrod/welcome.htm

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The Fortresses at En Haseva Rudolph Cohen 1994 ... The walls enclosed the largest fort of the Negev, equal in size to the regional adminis-tration center Beersheva. Pottery vessels from the Iron Age II fortress, Stratum 5, include these carinated bowls and oil lamp. Unfortunately, ceramic finds ... The remains of the im-pressive fortresses testify to the impor-tance of the site during the Iron Age and, later, in the Nabataean and Roman periods. Aharoni believed that the sys-tem of road-fortresses was established during the time of the First Temple peri-od in the Negev and the Arabah. These 1988/ 'En Haseva-1987. Excavations and 89b Surveys in Israel 7-8:52-53. 1991 'En F.laseva— 1988/1989. Excavations and Surveys in Israel ... Edited by J. Fisher Codex Urbinas Graecus 82. Bibliothecae Vaticanae, Lipsia Roll, I. 1989 A Latin Imperial Inscription from the Time of Diocletian Found at Yotvata. Israel Exploration Journal 39:239-260. Rothenberg, B. 1967 Negev. Archaeology in the Negev and the Arabah. Givatayim-Ramat Gan. (He-brew). ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortress-at-ein-haseva-rudolph-cohen-1994ad.htm

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The border Between Judah and Egypt: River of Egypt, Wadi el-Arish ... ... These archeologists have not discussed the many literary sources that associate Tharo/Tharu with Arish and Rhinocorura. Tel Habuwa is an important archaeological site from the time of Moses but nothing has been excavated and documented that specifically identifies it as ... God did not want to interfere with the Egyptians at Jezirat Faraun and Timna. 9. Archeologist Beno Rothenberg wrote this: "Although there is sufficient evidence in Egyptian sources for Ramesside (1250 BC) military campaigns in the Negev, Edom and the Arabah, the Hathor Temple of Timna provides the first archaeological evidence for actual and lengthy Egyptian control of this area." (Timna, Beno Rothenberg, 1969 AD) Click to View D. Ancient ... The striking change, of course, is that Gaza is in the hands of an Arabian. Cambyses had found this Arabian king in control of Kadytis (Gaza) when he passed through on his way to Egypt in 525 b.c.e., and his invasion of Egypt could not have been accomplished without the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-southern-border-judah-territory-river-of-egypt-wadi-el-arish-tharu-rhinocolu.htm

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Pots and Polities: Material Remains of Late Iron Age Judah in ... ... Having said that, I admit that other explanations for the ro-sette stamps, i.e., signs of pottery guilds or potter's marks, are not very satisfactory. Perhaps more neu-tron activation analyses and ... Only 42 stamps (ca. 24 per-cent) were found in the Shephelah, about half of those at Lachish. The central Judaean mountains and the Negev (12 stamps) are almost negligible. The scarcity of these stamps at Tell en-Nasbeh isinteresting, since the site seems to have prospered in the seventh and early sixth centuries B.C. (Zorn 1993). True, understanding the distribution pattern depends, to a certain ... The horse may have a curl or a disk on the head, but rarely (less than ten examples); as noted earlier, such disks appear else-where, e.g., on animal representations of the goddess Hathor in Egypt ... MacKay, J. 1973 Further Light on the Horses and Chariot of the Sun in the Jerusalem Temple (2 Kings 23:11). Palestine Exploration Quarterly 105: 167-69. Mackenzie, D. 1912- Excavations at Ain Shems ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-pots-and-polities-material-remains-of-late-iron-age-judah-in-relation-to-its-political-borders-raz-kletter-1999ad.htm

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Elijah and Elisha Chronology timeline 870-810 BC List of 11 Exodus Route types of our salvation in Christ Replacement Theology: The church (body of Christ) replaced the Jewish Temple The Jewish Synagogue was a type of the Christian ... Marble Tablets 838 BC i. Alabaster Statue 838 BC 7. Kuntillet Ajrud ostraca "Fortress in the Negev": 839 BC 8. Silver Scroll from Ketef Hinnom: 725-650 BC 9. Elisha of Ostraca found in the home town of Elisha: 830 BC 10. Excavations at Tel Rehov where the Elisha ... See also detailed outline on the Jordan River and this crossing/baptism site of John the Baptist. b. Joshua's crossing point of the Jordan on dry ground in 1406 BC during the ... There are striking similarities with Revelation including the extensive use of the number 7, seven-word descriptors (Rev 5:12 = DSS 4Q403 Frag. 1 i:4), war in heaven, myriads of ... Iron Age IIA begins with the rule of David in Hebron in 1010 BC and ends in the conquest of Jehu in 841 BC. 1. Archaeologists recognize a new assemblage of pottery and objects came ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/chronology/bible-chronology-timeline-Elijah-Elisha-John-the-Baptist-Jesus-types-antitypes-870-810BC.htm

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King Jeroboam tel dan high place altar 1340-723 BC. They're Digging ... ... The monumental steps belong to the second stage in the building of the bamah. A sounding under the steps revealed pottery from the mid-9th century B.C. Thus, this second ... In the 8th and 7th centuries B.C., perhaps after the Assyrian conquest, there was extensive rebuilding, and walls and structures were erected. The cult tradition was not forgotten in the following centuries, or even as late as the Hellenistic and Roman periods, when the area of the bamah was further enlarged by extending the enclosure. The marble statue of Aphrodite found in the fields near the mound (Fig. 15 ) may well have been located originally at the site of our bamah." (Tel ... This pottery is painted in red, or red and black, directly on the clay or on a pale-colored slip. Such bichrome ware appears in the 16th century B.C.E. and is also common ... lishkah), chambers that the Bible seems to associate with religious structures such as the Jerusalem Temple (see Ezra 8:29 and 1 Chronicles 9:26, among other passages). ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-tel-dan-laish-leshem-micah-Jonathan-jeroboams-king-of-israel-high-place-altar-temple-1340-723bc.htm

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The Edomites: From Esau to Edom to Idumea to Extinction 2006BC ... The Horites were descended from Seir, but the origin of Seir is not recorded in the Bible. There is an extensive list of the descendants of "Seir the Horite" their ... except by its relation to Kadesh-barnea, that limit now passes from an unknown to a known quantity, by the fixing of a site which is described as just beyond it. ... Edomites come," to use the language found on the Hebrew ostracon (an inscribed pottery sherd)." (New Light on the Edomites, Itzhaq Beit-Arieh, BAR 14:02, 1988) Arad ... Negeb of Judah in the last years of the kingdom of Judah, when the high command found it difficult to impose its authority on the local fort command-ers and was ... Judean Negev. The current location of Kadesh Barnea on almost every Bible map today is wrong. Take note that before 1916 AD, most Bible scholars located Kadesh Barnea either at Petra or nearby. Outline on the HISTORICAL SEARCH FOR KADESH BARNEA Condemnation for Edom for its role in the 587 BC destruction of Judah and Temple: ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-edomite-territory-mt-seir.htm

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Bible Only Revelation Commentary by Steven Rudd ... But the city occupied a commanding position, and it had been reinforced by engineering works so massive that they might have rendered even a flat site impregnable. ... In the sky appeared a vision of armies in conflict, of glittering armour. A sudden lightning flash from the clouds lit up the Temple. The doors of the holy place ... the great city [Jerusalem], be thrown down with violence, and will not be found any longer. ... because all the nations were deceived by your sorcery [idolatry ... Moses married a Cushite/Midianite in 1485 BC b. Salmon married a Canaanite in 1390 BC c. Boaz married a Moabite in 1284 BC d. Jesse (David's father) married an ... Pious Jews interpreted Leviticus 11 and 15 literally and began to replace pottery with chalk stone vessels which they viewed as insusceptible to ritual impurity. What ... and for his extensive psalmody,6 with which many of the brethren are still delighted; and I hold him in the more reverence because he has gone to rest before us. ... ... https://www.bible.ca/revelation/

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Kadesh-Barnea by Henry Clay Trumbull, 1884 AD ... KADESH-BARNEA. BIBLICAL INDICATIONS OF ITS SITE. 1. THE FIRST CAMPAIGN OF HISTORY. And now what are the indications in the Bible text of the site of Kadesh? What help ... be doubtful, when we remember of what importance that extensive valley [of the Jordan] was at all times, in regard to the intercourse of tribes with one another. ... Babylonians and Elamites valued so highly. Doubtless many a rich caravan of Midianite merchantmen, with spicery and balm and myrrh [Gtu. KEDOR-LA OMER S ROUTE. 35 ... s Journal of Sacred Literature for July, 1848. A more recent and an admirable study of the same subject, in the light of later discoveries, is to be found in the Rev. ... This, however, may have been a temporary rebuild ing of the before neglected Great Wall. 2 Thus, for example, the temple of Osiris at Abydos, built by King Usertesen ... once human habitations ; for, above us, we found twelve great walled ancient cisterns, round about which were lying many broken pieces of pottery, and ashes . . . ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-henry-clay-trumbull-1884ad.htm

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Exodus Route: Men who misled the world away from truth ... years later, in 1896 AD, Kades was next visited by Lagrange who said when he visited the site: "the deception [of Trumbull] was so strong, the disenchantment so deep, that I prevailed ... Goods were shipped by camel through Leuke Kome to Petra then to Rhinocolura. Archaeological excavations have found the same architecture (Crow-stepped, stone cut tombs) and assemblages (pottery) at Leuke Kome, Al Bad and Mt. Lawz/Maqnah as at Petra. c. Beitzel ... In 568 BC, Nebuchadnezzar conquers Egypt. The Jews completed the temple in 515 BC but did not finish the walls of Jerusalem until 445 BC. It was at exactly this time that Herodotus ... or Petra, he correctly noted the Nabatean controlled spice trade traffic through Rhinocolura and "Port Azotus [Ashdod] as a trading place for their own ware" (Mela 1.14; 1.60-63). ... territory of the entire Arabian Peninsula (Antiquities 1.220-221) Josephus used the word Arabia/Arabian 241 times but never did this refer to the Sinai Peninsula or the Judean Negev. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/exodus/bible-archaeology-Exodus-Route-deception-Apion-Queen-Helena-Henry-Trumbull-Ron-Wyatt-Bob-Cornuke-Lennart-Moller-Jim-Caldwell-Ryan-Mauro-Gordon-Franz-David-Rohl.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-kuntillet-ajrud-anchor He described in colorful detail the vio-lent confrontation with the local bedouin, who tried to stop him from ascending the hill (since they considered it to be a sacred place). Prof. Beno Rothenberg visited the site after the Six-Day War in 1967, and dated it correctly to the Israelite period. Dr. Ze'ev Meshel visited in 1970 and later directed three seasons of excavation at the site (October 1975-April 1976). C. Recent Excavations 1. Structural and Pottery Remains. The site contains two ... The plan initially seems to resemble a small fortress, similar in appearance to the Israelite citadel-with-towers found at Kadesh-barnea, Arad, and `Uza. Structure A differs, however, in a number of important respects: it lacks the casemate walls ... This technique was obviously well known since it was used in the construction of the Jerusa-lem temple (1 Kgs 7:12), although at Kuntillet cAjrild this technique was obviously applied on a more modest scale. A superior whitewashed plaster covered ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-kuntillet-ajrud-zeev-meshel-anchor-bible-dictionary-1991ad.htm

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495-399 BC: The Judean Elephantine Egyptian Papyrus letters to ... Conclusion (Importance of Elephantine papyrus to the Bible) Temple of YHWH burned Document of wifehood Passover regulations Archaeologists are digging up bible stories!!! Archaeology is an important science that confirms the historical accuracy of the Bible. Since the Bible refers to hundreds of cities, kings, and places, we would expect to find evidence from on-site excavations. And this is exactly what we have found. The Bible is the most historically accurate book of history on earth. Read the Bible daily! Introduction: 1. See ... directly authorized the building of the temple is uncertain and perhaps unlikely given the Judean Negev was under attack by the Edomites starting in 605 BC until they burned Solomon's temple with the Babylonians in 587 BC. c. ... for her garments; b. 1 new wood chest, papyrus-reed, alabaster stone inlays c. 1 pair of Persian leather (sandals); 2 jugs, 2 trays d. 5 ladles to carry oil: 2 pottery, 2 wood, 1 stoneware e. 1 chest of wood for her jewels; f. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-manuscripts-archeology-Elephantine-papyrus-Egypt-Aswan-Syene-Darius-persian-Jewish-colony-temple-burned-Bagohi-Sanballat-passover-wine-fortress-Ezek29-10-495-399BC.htm

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609 BC: Arad Ostraca #88: Jehoiakim is appointed king of Judah ... Digging up Bible stories! 5 ostraca document 3 important Bible events: 1. Pharaoh Nico II appoints Jehoiakim king of Judah in 609 BC. 2. Edomites move into the Judean Negev and Zedekiah orders troops for defense. 3. A man seeks asylum in the temple of Solomon. See also: Outline on Josiah King of Judah (640-609 BC) Outline on Jehoiakim king ... Read first to understand Arad ostracon #88 better: Archeological introduction to Arad Ostraca In this spectacular archeological glyptic artifact we have a record, on a piece of broken pottery written in carbon black ink, the actual announcement Jehoiakim sent ... Arad ostracon 88 is a provenanced surface find but it is unprovenienced. The ostracon was discovered by Israel Sommer in 1974 when we walked the entire site and randomly picked up surface pottery and putting all the pieces into a single bag without marking where each piece was found on tel Arad. Later that day at Engedi, Israel Sommer washed his pottery and only then discovered the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-ostracon-Arad88-letters-Jehoiakim-Judah-appointed-king-by-Pharoah-Neco-II-Egypt-2Kings23-34-I-became-king-in-all-the-land-be-strong-609bc.htm

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Zedekiah, Matteniah King of Judah 597-587 BC The Chronological ... After countless loving warnings from God to repent of idolatry and moral sins, Zedekiah was Israel's last chance before the temple of Solomon was destroyed on Monday 28th August 587 BC. Jesus vs. Zedekiah: Zedekiah was a failed king who ... Archaeology is an important science that confirms the historical accuracy of the Bible. Since the Bible refers to hundreds of cities, kings, and places, we would expect to find evidence from on-site excavations. And this is exactly what we have found. The Bible is the most historically ... By 597 BC the Edomite Threat became very serious when one of the four Negev Judean fortresses, Ramah-Negev, was about to be captured by the Edomites. 1. Arad Ostracon #40 Letter to Zedekiah: "We won't send troops" 597 BC 2. Arad Ostracon ... Arad Ostracon #40 (Arad Ostracon #40 Letter to Zedekiah: "We won't send troops" 597 BC) is a letter written on a broken pottery sherd from Gemariah to his father Malchijah at Arad that records the message that defies both his father ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-Zedekiah-Matteniah-last-king-of-judah-seal-bulla-cave-597-587bc

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Master Index of Free Bible Maps of Bible Times and Lands Master Index of Bible Study Maps: (600+ Bible places) Press [Control + F] on keyboard to search for your place click to view click to view Panorama photo gallery of Israel Alphabetic list of all panorama photographs List of places in Israel Wildernesses, plains, valleys Babylon 700 km E. Negev "dry south country" Northern ... Penuel, Pella (Khirbet Fahil) Petra, Sela, Joktheel Phasaelis (Kh. Fasayil) Pirathon (Farata) Ptolemais (Acco) Qum'ran Qurayyah: Midianite Pottery kiln 1400-1200 BC. Midianite pottery has been found at Al Bad, Timna, Elat and Jezirat Faraun. Raamses (Tanis) Rabbah: Captial of Ammon (Philadelphia) Ramah, Naioth: Samuel's tomb & school) Ramoth-Gilead ... Thumilat el-Aguz Tiberias Timnah (Tell el-Batashi) near Jerusalem Timnath-serah (Kh.Tibnah) Tiphsah 300 km 30 degrees N. Tirzah (Tell el-Far'ah) Tob (al-Taiyiba) Tobias' Temple (Iraq El Ami) Tyre Umm El-Biraya Zaphon (Tell es-Saidiye) Zarephath Zarethan, Zeredah, Zererah (Tell el-Meqberah) Zeboiim (Khanazir) Zephthah (1450 ... ... https://www.bible.ca/maps/bible-maps-master-index.htm

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