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bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt ... Like many ancient writers, we do not have their original works, but know about them because others quoted their work. It is like reconstructing the Old Testament from places where the New Testament quotes the old. Eratosthenes makes the same geographical errors of his predecessors Herodotus, Hecataeus, Hesiod and Hecataeus by ignoring Israel and having no working knowledge of the Sinai Peninsula, Gulf of Suez and Aqaba. As you can see from the map that was drawn by following his writings, he saw the Red Sea as a single finger of water. But notice he places Arabia far south and away from Egypt. This is Strabo's account in 15 AD of ... and Coelê-Syria [east of Jordan] and Judaea, extending as far as the recess of the Arabian Gulf, that from the City of Heroes, [Heroönpolis or Goshen] which forms a recess of ... Precisely the same usage is found in the works of Alexandrian intellectuals such as the geographers Eratosthenes and Agatharchides. (Mt. Sinai in Arabia?, Allen Kerkeslager, Bible ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-eratosthenes-200bc.htm

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Mt. Sinai located in Arabia: Galatian 4:25 ... The Sinai Peninsula was south of Canaan. d. Midian is in Saudi Arabia not the Sinai Peninsula. 6. Josephus defines Arabia Felix (Happy) as ... to Josephus, at the time of Abraham, Ketura's son Midian settled in Troglodytis, which was universally defined by other ancient geographers. ... Sinai to be in Arabia Felix, which at the time of Paul, included all of Saudi Arabia south of the Gulf of Aqaba including Midian. II. History of the Arabian Nation: Ishmael to Islam Arabs descended directly from Ishmaelites and Midianites. Nabateans were Ishmaelites, not Edomites. The ... Could it be that Khwarizmi was illiterate, and Christians were the ghost writers of the landmark book on Algebra, but Khwarizmi took the ... The tombs were first described, and the texts copied by C. Doughty in 1883. Subsequent work, especially by J. Euting and Frs A. Jaussen and ... Felix." (Diodorus Siculus 2:48-49, 30 BC) d. "I return to the opinions of Eratosthenes, which he next delivers respecting Arabia [Deserta]. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-Mount-Sinai-in-Arabia-exodus-route-Nabatean-kingdom-territory-AretasIV-Arabia-Petrea-New-Testamt-Mt-Sinai-Lawz-Ishmael-Apostle-Paul-36AD-Galatians-4-25.htm

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The Exodus Route: A scriptural proof, with the witness of history ... ... Biblical Kadesh Barnea at Petra 12. Without the Gulf of Aqaba, the Sinai Peninsula becomes Arabia. 13. How Paul, ... Only the Straits of Tiran make Etham work! Red Sea crossing points at Ballah, Timsah, Bitter lakes, Suez or the Nuweiba ... it Erythrum, from king Erythras, or, according to some writers, from its red colour, which they think is produced by the ... the east is called the Persian Gulf, and is two thousand five hundred miles in circumference, according to Eratosthenes. ... Sinai in modern Saudi Arabia. Having said this, there are very few certain references in the Bible to the Gulf of Aqaba being the Red Sea. In fact, the reference in Ex 10:19 might be saying that the "sea wind/west wind" blew the locust into the gulf of Aqaba. "So the LORD ... and is carried from a little above Bubastis by the Arabian town of Patumus; it issues into the Red Sea." (Herodotus ... The Gulf of Aqaba was unknown to many ancient geographers and renaissance Exodus route maps ~1600 AD Without the Gulf of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route.htm

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Strabo 15 AD (Greek geographer) Strabo was a Greek geographer who lived from 64 BC to 24 AD. Maps have been constructed from his writings, "Geography" and like all his predecessors, Eratosthenes, Herodotus, Hesiod and Hecataeus. Strabo (15 AD) is one of the few ancient cartographers who understood the gulf of Aqaba and gives us great insight into how Apostle Paul and Josephus viewed the Sinai Peninsula as NOT part of Arabia: "There is said to be a passage thence across, of 1260 stadia, to the city Aila (Aelana) [Elat], situated on the innermost recess of the Arabian Gulf [Red Sea]. This ... Such, then, is Eratosthenes' account of Arabia; but I must also add the accounts of the other writers." (Strabo, Geography 16:4:2) "Since, in my description of Arabia, I have also included the gulfs which pinch it and ... Pompey seized the city, it is said, after watching for the day of fasting, when the Judaeans were abstaining from all work; he filled up the trench and threw ladders across it; moreover, he gave orders to rase all the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-strabo-15ad.htm

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Maps: Agatharchides 169 BC: Petra and the Wilderness of Shur Agatharchides 169 BC: Petra and the Wilderness of Shur Arabia as being confined to modern Saudi Arabia to the exclusion of the modern Sinai Peninsula (Greek historian and geographer) Agatharchides of Cnidus, On the Erythraean Sea 169 BC, translated by Stanley M. Burstein, 1989 Click to View On the Erythraean Sea by Agatharchides of Cnidus, 169 BC Agatharchides is unique in that he is one of the few geographers of his day that understood the Gulf of Aqaba, which he calls ... Agatharchides make no description of any kind of the modern Sinai Peninsula, like many other geographers in the ancient world, he just ignores it. c. The Arabian Peninsula ... Precisely the same usage is found in the works of Alexandrian intellectuals such as the geographers Eratosthenes and Agatharchides." (Mt. Sinai in Arabia?, Allen ... "These virgins, who took care of their (Jethro) father's flocks, which sort of work it was customary and very familiar for women to do in the country of the Troglodytes ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-red-sea-agatharchides-of-cnidus-on-the-erythraean-sea-169bc.htm

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Exodus Route Maps: Old, Ancient, Antique, Vintage and Modern ... This contradicts the Bible in Gen 15:18, that says the Wadi el Arish is the border between Egypt and Israel. When this fails, they appeal to ancient geographers and ... Totally stumped, they finally pull out an ancient map and say, "See! The land east of Goshen in Egypt was called Arabia." The problem is that they failed to look at the map themselves and notice that the Gulf of Aqaba is missing and the Sinai Peninsula does not exist. This is because the Gulf of Aqaba is missing and the Sinai Peninsula ... Since they published their work in 1916 AD down to the present time, almost every map in the back of every Bible places Kadesh Barnea at Ein el-Qudeirat. This is ... His comments that lead some to put "Arabia in Egypt" are rather simple to explain: 1. "Arabian cities" in the Nile Delta are merely Arab immigrants who formed a ... This information comes from Eusebius in his work: Preaparatio Evangelica 9:29.1-3 200 BC: Eratosthenes More: Eratosthenes: 200 BC Eratosthenes makes the same ... ... https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-maps.htm

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Septuagint 250 BC: Goshen of Arabia from our youth even until now, both we and our ancestors'-in order that you may settle in the land of Goshen [of Arabia], because all shepherds are abhorrent to the Egyptians."" (Genesis 46:34) Considering many of the geographers of the time, like Herodotus: 484 BC, had no concept of the Sinai Peninsula or the Gulf of Aqaba, the translators copied this error from their contemporary geographers. ... Seemingly not put off by the discrepancies in meaning between the Hebrew text and the Septuagint, the New Testament writers quoted from the Septuagint freely." (Jeff Smelser, NTGreek.net) "Region of ... Heroonpolis or Heropolis (according to the excavations of Naville, modern Tell al-Mas-Khua) was, however, the capital of the 8th or Heroopolitan nome, east of the Arabian. Nevertheless, the name ... This is helpful in understanding why the Translators of the LXX, who performed their translation work IN EGYPT would say Goshen was of Arabia. When those bent on keeping Mt. Sinai out of Saudi ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-septuagint-250bc.htm

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Claudius Ptolemy "Geography" 150 AD Believed the Earth was round but stationary at the center of the universe. c. Used epicycles to explain motion of the cosmos. d. Grid numbers are distorted and don't work with modern GPS. e. Believed that a person's destiny was based ... h. Since AD 1600, ignorance of the Gulf of Aqaba has hindered research into considering a Red Sea crossing on the Gulf of Aqaba and a Mt. Sinai in Saudi Arabia. 3. AD 150 Claudius Ptolemy: Ptolemy is most famous for his "earth centered" (geocentric system) where the earth ... For Ptolemy, Arabia Deserta is the desert between Syria and the Euphrates but does not include the large central desert of the Arabian Peninsula which Strabo included in his definition. Strabo restricted Arabia Felix to the southern end of the ... Despite the more accurate mapping of both Philo and Josephus 100 years earlier, Ptolemy carries on the long tradition of Greek geographers (Eratosthenes, Herodotus, Hesiod and Hecataeus) who incorrectly understood the Red Sea as almost a single ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-ptolemy-150ad.htm

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Herodotus 484 - 424 BC (Greek Geographer/historian) Herodotus was a Greek wrote his geographic histories around 484-424 BC. Herodotus is called the "Father of History" being one of the oldest known geographers. Herodotus believed the earth was flat, had no concept of the Gulf of Aqaba and made a lot of major ... But the second, beginning with Persia, stretches to the Red Sea, and is Persian land; and next, the neighboring land of Assyria; and after Assyria, Arabia; this peninsula ends (not truly but only by common consent) at the Arabian Gulf, to which Darius brought a canal from the Nile." (Hdt., Hist. 4.38.2-39.1) Herodotus never describes the Sinai Peninsula as Arabia. Both ... In Necos' reign, a hundred and twenty thousand Egyptians died digging it. Necos stopped work, stayed by a prophetic utterance that he was toiling beforehand for the barbarian. The ... The canal was first cut by Sesostris before the Trojan times, but according to other writers, by the son of Psammitichus, who only began the work, and afterwards died; lastly, Darius ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-herodotus-484bc.htm

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Exodus Route: Men who misled the world away from truth ... For them, "Arabia" meant the Arabian Peninsula. Precisely the same usage is found in the works of Alexandrian intellectuals such as the geographers Eratosthenes and Agatharchides." (Mt. Sinai in Arabia?, Allen Kerkeslager, Bible ... Agrippa created a map of the world just before the Birth of Christ in 2 BC. This map was widely circulated for centuries but none have survived. His cartographic work is referenced no less than 87 times by Pliny in AD 77 and four times by Strabo in AD 15. Agrippa's Arabia was equal to Arabia Felix and the northern Sinai coastline was considered part of Syria not Arabia. This demonstrates that when contemporary geographers like Strabo would describe Rhinocolura as an "Arabian town" all understood this was not Arabia proper. 7. AD 15: Strabo locates "the whole of Arabia" Transjordan in the Arabian Peninsula (Strabo, Geography 16.3.1; 16.4.1; 17.1.1) and never in the Sinai Peninsula. He also correctly describes the Gulf of Aqaba as pointing towards Arabia ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/exodus/bible-archaeology-Exodus-Route-deception-Apion-Queen-Helena-Henry-Trumbull-Ron-Wyatt-Bob-Cornuke-Lennart-Moller-Jim-Caldwell-Ryan-Mauro-Gordon-Franz-David-Rohl.htm

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Kadesh-Barnea by Henry Clay Trumbull, 1884 AD CRU SADES, 186. (3.) NATURAL MISTAKES OF MEDIAEVAL WRITERS, 188. (4.) BEGIN NINGS OF FULLER RESEARCH, 191. (5.) ... Going into the desert of Arabia for the express purpose of avoiding study, on an enforced-vacation ramble, I was ... Israelites, between Sinai and the Jordan. Yet this " essen tial preliminary " has thus far been unattainable by Bible students generally. When the English Palestine Exploration Fund began its good work, in 1866, one of the widely known geographers 6 of Great Britain, in expressing his hope of the ... north of the Persian Gulf and east of the Tigris. 3 It was later known as Susiana, with Shushau 4 as its capital. ... Brit., ninth edition. " Kedar-el-Ahmar, or Kedar the Red, is, in fact, a famous hero in Arabian tradi tion, and his ... of Paran, or the central desert of the Sinaitic Peninsula. 1 It has been common to suppose that "El-Paran, ... Lat., s.v. 3 There is apparently a root connection with this word Arqoob, in the name Aqaba, meaning "a descent or ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-henry-clay-trumbull-1884ad.htm

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Paul said Mt. Sinai was in Saudi Arabia: Gal 4:25 B. Josephus said that Hagar and Ishmael lived in Arabia Felix (Saudi Arabia) 1. Find Hagar and Ishmael, Find Mt. Sinai. a. Scripture says that Ismael settled in the Wilderness of Shur which is in Midian. b. According to Josephus, at the time of Abraham, Ketura's son Midian settled in Troglodytis, which was universally defined by other ancient geographers, as the western shoreline of the Arabian gulf in Egypt and Ethiopia. c. The three distinct geographic areas outlined by Josephus which ... Troglodytis) and marks Mt. Sinai to be in Arabia Felix, which at the time of Paul, included all of Saudi Arabia south of the Gulf of Aqaba including Midian. See: main page on Mt. Sinai in Arabia C. Commentaries on Gal 4:25: Mt. ... Not until around the fourth century C.E. was it located on the peninsula that is known to us as Sinai. The writers of "the five books of Moses" seem to identify the "reed sea" with the Gulf of Aqaba, not with the Red Sea, and to have imagined Mount Sinai in the mountains ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-mt-sinai-arabia-gal-4-25.htm

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The Onomasticon by Eusebius (325AD) and the Exodus route Onomasticon is derived from the Greek: "book or list of names" Onomasticon is like a modern dictionary where you look up a name of a place and he defines it. This is a remarkable work and no ... Sinai and Mt. Horeb are said to be transjordan, near the desert of the Saracens, which is near the Arabian desert. Eusebius also says Mt. Horeb is in the territory of Moab, which is puzzling. ... Hor". Since we know that the Saracens were Arabs who lived in Saudi Arabia and not in the modern Sinai Peninsula, "beyond Arabia/Petra/Kadesh" is modern Saudi Arabia. When Egeria visited Mt. Musa (Mt. Sinai in Sinai ... Musa and looked south at the "lands of the Saracens" she could see with the naked eye, the true Mt. Sinai (Mt. Al-Lawz), across the gulf of Aqaba. But the important thing is that she identified that in ... At Kh Sheikh 'isa Byzantine remains may indicate the city with its nearby fort. This location southeast of the Dead Sea fits the early geographers and the concept of Moab identity (Isaiah 15:5 ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-eusebius-onomasticon-323ad.htm

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Philo of Alexandria 50 AD (Jewish philosopher) Philo's Arabia at Midian is also Paul's Arabia where Mt. Sinai is located (Gal 4:25). Introduction: 1. Philo was a Jewish philosopher who was born in Alexandria, Egypt. His family was powerful and influential with ties, through his brother Alexander's son by marriage to the daughter of Herod Agrippa. a. Whereas Philo's Greek predecessors, Eratosthenes, Herodotus, Hesiod and Hecataeus, (with the exception of Strabo who understood the Gulf of Aqaba) ignored Israel, Philo focused on Israel. b. Philo was just one generation ahead of Josephus, who used Philo as a ... This not only rules out the Bitter Lakes and a North Suez crossing point, it also proves Mt. Sinai cannot be in the Sinai Peninsula. A. Red Sea crossing: Philo's description of the Red Sea crossing is puzzling. ... Since Darius had built a shipping Canal from the Mediterranean to the Suez, which was fed by the Nile near Goshen, there would be no guess work as to how to get to the Suez. They wouldn't need to guess the route ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-philo-of-alexandria-50ad.htm

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Nuweiba Beach Red Sea crossing: Rejected, debunked, refuted A. Correct Exodus Route Locations: 1. CORRECT: Red Sea crossing at Straits of Tiran 2. CORRECT: Mt. Sinai in Saudi Arabia probably Mt. Lawz 3. CORRECT: Kadesh ... Sinai: Ex 19:1. 3. God was in total control of the travel itinerary of the exodus route. 4. Southern route not west or north: Ex 13:17-18. 5. The "way of the Red Sea" is the road beside the Gulf of Suez to Tiran: Exodus 13:18. 6. Gulf of Aqaba is "yam suph" (Red Sea). 7. The Red Sea crossing was deep enough to clearly be a massive divine miracle. 8. ... Deut 2:1; Judges 11:16; 1 Kings 9:26. The second Red Sea camp after Elim was on the Arabian Gulf which was called "the red Sea" (yam suph, Numbers 33:10). ... Sea crossing are on the distant edge of the Sinai peninsula wilderness as opposed to the beginning edge of the Sinai peninsula wilderness near the Suez canal. ... and before the Wilderness of Sin, as the Bible requires in Num 33:10. Nate Loper like many, ignores the second Red Sea camp altogether to make his route work. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-ruling-out-candiates-excluding-red-sea-crossing-points-kadesh-barnea.htm

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Solomon's Fortress at Elat, Aqaba: Tell el-Kheleifeh and Jezirat ... Both Elat and Ezion Geber are located at the north end of the Gulf of Aqaba. One of the critical factors of Ezion-Geber, is that it was one stop before the 11 day journey from Mt. Sinai to Kadesh Barnea (Deut 1:2), by way of Mt. Seir. Mt. Sinai located at Jebel Al-Lawz in modern Saudi Arabia and Kadesh Barnea located at or near Petra fits perfectly, given they would pass right by Mt. Seir, the seat of ... Notice that Ezion Geber is on the shore in the land of Edom: 1 Kings 9:26; 2 Chron 8:17. This means that Ezion Geber was located transjordan in modern Jordan and not in the modern Sinai Peninsula... Ezion-geber creates huge problems for the other two routes because of the mountain ranges west of Ezion-geber. For Anati's route to work, he would have to make Israel cross the same mountain ... It was first described by E. Riippel in 1829 and has since been repeatedly visited by travellers, geographers and archaeologists who dated the remains on the island as Byzantine, medieval Arabic ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-ezion-geber-elat-aqaba.htm

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The Exodus Route: The Archaeology of Mt. Lawz as Mt. Sinai ... Sinai is located at Mt. Musa in the wilderness of Egypt. It is important to know that wilderness of Egypt was never called the "Sinai" or the Sinai Peninsula" before 325 AD. Queen Helena, Constantine's mother, chose Mt. Musa in a dream. This proves that it required ... A careful reading of Eusebius proves he believed that Mt. Sinai and Mt. Horeb, Wilderness of Shur, Midian, the desert of the Saracens, wilderness of Paran, Arabian Desert were all were all Transjordan. D. Historic search for Mt. Sinai: 1878 - 1938 AD 1. Discussion: a. The consensus view among those who place Mt. Sinai in Arabia was northeast of the Gulf of Aqaba at Mt Baghir. One suggested Petra as Mt. Sinai. Only one, Alois Musil proposed a Mt. Sinai ... The outside work area is the first level ground downhill from the quarry. The area is perfect as a marble workshop because it is large, flat and near the bottom. There are no other suitable workshop areas above the "L-shaped" structure. 4. Bone and ash found inside ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-mt-sinai.htm

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Timna ... Peninsula. It was a heavily traveled and guarded route by the Egyptians. Remember that Serabit el-Khadim was the other major mine in the Sinai under Egyptian control. This underscores how absurd it is to suggest the exodus route traveled through central Sinai using the same roads that the Egyptian miners used between Timna and Egypt. We know that the promised land did not originally extent all the way down to the Red Sea (Gulf of Aqaba). Now we know the reason! God did not want to ... It is clear that the Kenites (Midianites) who migrated from Arabia to the promised land with Moses became involved as co-workers at the Timna mines only in its last ... inhabitants of the area, seem to have become some kind of 'partners' not only at work but also iii the worship of Hathor." (Timna, Beno Rothenberg, 1969 AD) There are ... the paucity of evidence in Sinai-and the considerable remains in Qurayyah, Al-Bad' and other Midianite sites-points in favor of an Arabian location for Mt. Sinai." (Mt. ... ... https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-timna.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rami-g-khouri-petra ... ... According to some scholars, such as Dr Axel Knauf, there is geographical and linguistic evidence associating the Nabataeans with the Qedarites, the most powerful Arabian tribe ... This comes from the Bibliothieca of the Sicilian historian Diodorus Siculus, who wrote during the 1st century BC. He based his work on the eye-witness accounts of Hieronymus of ... Nabataean cities in southern Syria and the Negev also prospered and grew, and the Nabataean realm now included southern Syria, the Negev and Sinai deserts, the entire Wadi Sirhan basin in east Jordan, and the area of northern Arabia between Hegra and Aqaba. The capital at Petra, with a ... of their former kingdom and capital city Petra that they allied themselves with the new Islamic power and viewed the surging Arabians from the peninsula as their 'liberators'. ... references to Petra during the 13th century. The Christian pilgrim Thetmar refers to it in 1217, and several later Arab writers mention the former Crusader fortresses at Petra. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rami-g-khouri-petra-a-guide-to-the-capital-of-the-nabataeans-1986ad.htm

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Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph ... ... At first the search for Kadesh-barnea focused on the Arabah, the deep, desolate geological fissure extending from the south end of the Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba. It was assumed that the Arabah had ... Dothan observed that a number of changes evidently had taken place in the site since it had been inspected by Woolley and Lawrence in 1914. C. S. Jarvis, the Governor of the Sinai Peninsula during the ... It may be conjectured that these vessels were the work of nomad potters, who, being constantly on the move from settlement to settlement in the Negev and `Aravah, could not make use of the more ... In view of the activist policies of the Judean king Uzziah (ca. 784-733 B.C.E.), who, as described above, regained control of Edom, undertook campaigns against the North Arabian tribes, and ... Journal of Biblical Literature 29: 61-76. Seetzen, U.-J. 1854-59 Reisen durch Syrien, Palöstina, Phdnicien, die Trans Arabia Petra and Unter-Aegvpten, vol. 3. Berlin, G. Reimer. Trumbull, H. C. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-excavations-at-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-ba-1976-1982ad.htm

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The Exodus Route: Red Sea Crossing "Lord, was it not You who dried up the sea, the waters of the great deep; who made the depths of the sea a pathway for the redeemed to cross over?" Isaiah 51:10 Crossing at the Straits of Tiran in the Gulf of Aqaba. VIDEO: Archeology of Mt. Sinai in Arabia (Unicorn Internet Archaeology) Watch Video Steven Rudd, 2022 Near Eastern Archaeological Society annual ... Therefore, the only crossing point of all our choices that would provide absolute security and peace of mind is the "Straits of Tiran" at the Gulf of Aqaba. F. Don't ignore the wilderness of Egypt before they crossed the Red Sea. Wilderness of Egypt is the Sinai Peninsula: "As I entered into judgment with your ... Of course this won't work because the Nile is a much greater river than the Euphrates and of course it would mean that they were already in the promised land in Goshen before the exodus started! So the western boundary of Israel is the River of Egypt, which is the Wadi al-Arish. Most Bible map sets have this ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-goshen-red-sea.htm

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Peutinger Map: A Translation of Bible Cities and the Exodus Route Click on map for high resolution English translations Introduction: 1. The Peutinger Map is of interest to the Exodus route, in that it is the only early map that correctly draws the Gulf of Aqaba a. Not surprisingly, Mt. Sinai is marked and located in the place Queen Helena wrongly guessed at St. Catherine's monastery at Mt. Musa in the Sinai Peninsula. b. Petra (Kadesh Barnea) is marked on the map. 2. The map we have in our hands was drawn around 1200 AD and it seems clear that it represents a work at the end of a long line of editorial updates and changes as opposed to a "photocopy" precision duplicate of a 4th century map. What did the original ... Cartographers from 1400 up to 1762 AD had no idea that the Gulf of Aqaba existed which reinforced the delusion that the Sinai Peninsula could be considered out of Egypt and in Arabia b. Carsten Niebuhr discovers the Gulf of Aqaba in 1762 AD and drew the first map with the Gulf of Aqaba. 5. Here is a catalogue of over 30 historic exodus ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-Tabula-Peutingeriana-Peutinger-map-byzantine-cities-towns-list-translation-Israel-mount-sinai-gulf-of-aqaba-1265ad.htm

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Historical search for Kadesh Barnea from 1000 BC - Present Many people are unaware that historically, Kadesh was thought to be at Petra from 1446 BC - 1831AD. 2. Our proposed Exodus Route: a. The Scriptures as a whole teach, along with geographic analysis, that the Hebrews crossed the Red Sea on the Gulf of Aqaba, specifically at the Straits of Tiran. b. The scriptures teach that Mount Sinai is somewhere in north Saudi Arabia. (History leads us to suggest Mt. Lawz as ... Everything we see today in Petra was the work of the Nabateans. Like Pharaoh in Egypt, the Nabateans removed all traces of the Hebrews in the multi coloured sandstone. Petra is a second use of the Hebrew Kadesh Barnea. 106 AD: Roman Petra: Arabia. The Romans annexed Petra and renamed it ... The Romans annexed Petra and renamed it Arabia. Petra became the capital city of Roman Arabia. Josephus and Eusebius all refer to Petra at Arabia. The Modern Sinai peninsula was never called Arabah. Yet Paul said Mt. Sinai was located in the land of Arabah (Gal 4:25) proving Mt. Sinai could ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-historical-search.htm

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The Exodus Route: Top ten list of reasons why the exodus route ... ... An ignorance of what the real geography of the Middle East looked like. Since nobody knew the Gulf of Aqaba existed until the 1800 AD, this forced a crossing of the Red Sea at the north end of the Gulf of Suez and a Mt. Sinai in the Sinai Peninsula. If they had the satellite imagery we have today, it is quite certain that many would have opted for a Red Sea crossing on the Gulf of Aqaba and a Mt. Sinai in Saudi Arabia. Failing to make sure that Israel passed through Ezion Geber (modern Aqaba on the Gulf of Aqaba) after Mt. Sinai and before Kadesh Barnea. Many exodus routes are ... Do keep in mind that Shur is where the Midianites and Ishmaelites lived and that rules out the wilderness of Shur being located anywhere in the Sinai Peninsula. Re-writing the Bible and history to support an exodus route that doesn't work: Advocates of the traditional exodus route, re-writing history by saying the Sinai Peninsula was not Egyptian territory. In order to give a bit of credibility to their ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-top-ten-list-why-exodus-route-not-discovered-until-now.htm

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Midianite Pottery: The designer import of the ancient world. Evidence of habitation and culture from that same time period—the presumed time of the Exodus—is practically nonexistent in the Sinai peninsula. Harvard scholar Frank Moore Cross believes that the paucity of evidence in Sinai—and the considerable remains in Qurayyah, Al-Bad' and other Midianite sites—points in favor of an Arabian location for Mt. Sinai." (Mt. Sinai—in Arabia?, Bible Review, Apr 2000, Allen Kerkeslager) Midianite pottery was originally called Edomite ... to the Timna temple all the way from there, perhaps from the large Midianite town at Qurayyah, about 160 km. south of Aqaba." (Timna, Beno Rothenberg, 1969 AD) Click to View Click to View "On the other hand, recent surveys of Midian have produced ... In Timna, according to the evidence in the temple, the Midianites and the Amalekites, the indigenous inhabitants of the area, seem to have become some kind of 'partners' not only at work but also iii the worship of Hathor." (Timna, Beno Rothenberg, 1969 ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-midianite-pottery.htm

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The Exodus Route: Elim (Nabatean Leuke Kome, Onne, Aynuna) ... The safe anchorage and the convenient land connection with Petra make Aynuna a strong contender for identification with ancient Leuke Kome. (The port of Aynuna in the pre-Islamic period: nautical and topographical considerations on the location of Leuke Kome, Karol Juchniewicz, Polish archaeology in the Mediterranean, p38, 2018 AD) 6. AD 50 Periplus Maris Erythraei describes Leuke Kome as a Nabatean port: a. The Periplus Maris Erythraei means "The Voyage around the Erythraean Sea" and was written around AD 50 by a Greek sailor on the Arabian trade route from Egypt to India. a. Leuke Kome (Greek for "White Harbor") is located at Ain Ounah, which is also Biblical Elim of the Exodus. b. The Greek sailor wrote at the time of Paul that "Arabia" was to the south of the Gulf of Aqaba down the entire length of the coast of the Arabian Gulf. He excluded the Sinai Peninsula from his definition of where Arabia was located. c. "Now to the left of Berenice, sailing for two or three days from ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-elim.htm

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The border Between Judah and Egypt: River of Egypt, Wadi el-Arish ... ... In 50 AD, Philo of Alexandria understood this and wrote: "a long and desolate journey through the wilderness, destitute of any beaten road, at last arrived at the sea which is called the Red Sea". There is no wilderness west of the bitter lakes or north west of the Gulf of Aqaba, so they must be rejected. The fact of Egyptian control of the entire Sinai makes it impossible for Mt. Sinai to be located in the middle of the Sinai Peninsula at Mt. Musa and St. Catharine's Monastery. Mt. Sinai is located at Mt. al-Lawz in north Saudi Arabia. The location of the southern border of Judah is critically important for determining the ... The striking change, of course, is that Gaza is in the hands of an Arabian. Cambyses had found this Arabian king in control of Kadytis (Gaza) when he passed through on his way to Egypt in 525 b.c.e., and his invasion of Egypt could not have been accomplished without the Arabian's support in conveying his troops across the Sinai Desert. ... He [Herodotus] is not ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-southern-border-judah-territory-river-of-egypt-wadi-el-arish-tharu-rhinocolu.htm

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Great Edict of Horemheb Harmhab, Horemheld THARU 1348-1320 BC ... The fact that Arish was an Egyptian prison town from the time of the Exodus down to Paul, is utterly devastating to those who say the Sinai was not Egypt proper. The port city of Arish was in fact the far eastern border of Egypt at the Wadi el-Arish. It always has been. Any Mt. Sinai located in the Sinai Peninsula is impossible because the entire Peninsula was "inside Egypt" and under Egyptian control. Only a Mt. Sinai in Arabia, on the other side of the Gulf of Aqaba is outside Egypt entirely. 1. The Wadi el-Arish flows into the Mediterranean Sea at ... Against Unlawful Appropriation of Slave Service When the officers of the Pharaoh's house of offerings have gone about tax-collecting in the towns, to take [katha-plant], [they have seized the slaves of the people, and kept them at work] for 6 days or 7 days, without one's being able to depart from them afar, so that it was an excessive detention indeed. It shall be done likewise against them. If there be any place [where the stewards ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-southern-border-wadi-el-arish-tharu-great-edict-of-horemheb-1300bc.htm

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The Madaba map (mosaic floor) 542 AD St. George's Orthodox church ... ... Sinai cannot be where Queen Helena chose it to be in a dream in 325 AD, at Mt. Musa, beside the St. Catherine's monastery. Mt. Sinai was not in Egypt. The Bible says that Mt. Sinai was located in Arabia, not Egypt. (Gal 4:25) 8. The Onomasticon ... However, if it was, there is absolute certainly that the church from the time of Christ down to 600 AD believed Kadesh Barnea was located at Petra. To complicate matters, it is well documented that geographers from the time of Herodotus (450 BC) ... Compare the map of Herodotus with the Madaba map as they are based upon the same common misunderstanding of the "V" shaped Red Sea that branches into the Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Aqaba. Click to View It is truly sad that this portion of the Madaba map is missing that shows Mt. Sinai and the shape of the Red Sea. We must keep in mind that in 545 AD, the prevailing view of the Western/Latin church (Rome/Roman Catholic) was that Mt. Sinai was located at Mt. Musa in the modern Sinai peninsula. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-madaba-map.htm

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Josephus 110 AD. Kadesh Barnea at Petra Josephus in refuting Apion, actually hurts those who attempt to make Paul's statement of Mt. Sinai being in Arabia. (Gal 4:25) Notice that Apion did not believe that the modern Sinai Peninsula was part of ... to Moses; for a fire fed upon a thorn bush" (Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, book 2, ch 11.2-12.1) Josephus says that Mount Sinai was "the highest of all the mountains thereabout," yet Helena chose Mt. ... and the country of Arabia the Happy, as far as it reaches [north] to the Red Sea [Gulf of Aqaba]". (Josephus, Antiquities 1.238) he came to the city Midian, which lay upon the Red Sea (Josephus, Antiquities 2.257) C. Josephus understood that Petra was the capital city of Arabia: Josephus was only 56 years old when he wrote his Jewish Antiquities in 94 AD. Since the ... the nature of the land and of its inhabitants, they came home, having spent forty days in the whole work. (Josephus, Antiquities 3.303) The lot of Simeon (inside Judah), which was the second, included that ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-josephus-110ad.htm

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The Exodus Route: Travel times, distances, rates of travel, days ... ... The day they arrived at the final Sinai camp in the Wilderness of Sinai: Sivan 1 = day 47 (Ex 19:1) 2. There is a wealth of information in scripture about many of the 50 Exodus locations. We know four locations for certain and using key clues in scripture, we are able to discern several others. a. Goshen b. Wilderness of Shur near el Bad in Midian, modern Saudi Arabia c. Ezion Geber near Elat on the Gulf of Aqaba d. Kadesh Barnea at modern Petra e. Dibon f. Shittim g. Mt. Nebo h. The location of the Jordan ... Sinai must be near Midian since Hobab must have been familiar with the local area to be scout. How could a Midianite be a scout in the modern Sinai peninsula, since the traditional Mt. Sinai (Mt. Musa) is 300 km from the town of Midian ... The entire world today uses the Roman method of reckoning days from Midnight to Midnight. Jewish days began at sundown. This means that if it is 5 pm on a Friday night and you are just getting off work, two hours later (Roman time 7 PM) ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-travel-times-distances-days.htm

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The Exodus Route: Red Sea Camp at the Straits of Tiran Patterns of Evidence "The Red Sea Miracle" and "Journey to Mt. Sinai" Click to View Exodus Route home page Click to View Red sea crossing home page Click to View Miracles of the Exodus and Red Sea Crossing Click to View Travel times, distances, days of the week Click to View Excluding various exodus routes: Bitter lakes, Gulf of Suez, Mt. Musa, Ein el-Qudeirat. Click to View ... The Hebrews came down the 18 km wide coastal flatlands ("The Exodus Highway) and passed the Egyptian military "Migdol" tower that served as a three-way lookout point for the Gulfs of Aqaba, Suez and Arabia. With the Egyptian lookouts ... A curved track also works well. Tiran Island may have connected with the mainland at the time of Moses. Geologists, geographers, and oceanographers all know that shorelines can look very different 3400 years ago. If we remove the coral reef and connect Tiran Island to the Saudi Arabian shore it creates a short 5 km Red Sea crossing that Israel could make in a few hours ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-straits-of-tiran.htm

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The southern border of Judah and Kadesh Barnea at Petra ... If you place Kadesh on the east-west portion of the border at Ein El-Qudeirat, as all maps since 1916 AD have done, then Kadesh is actually inside the promised land. That doesn't work! So if the ... Kadesh (at Petra) down to the Red Sea. "I will fix your boundary from the Red Sea (Gulf of Aqaba) to the sea of the Philistines, and from the wilderness to the River Euphrates; for I will ... Detailed study of proving the River of Egypt is the historic border between Egypt and Israel. b. Detailed study proving the Sinai Peninsula was under Egyptian control at the time of the Exodus. c. Detailed ... Deuteronomy 11:24 "I will fix your boundary from the Red Sea [Gulf of Aqaba] to the sea of the Philistines, and from the wilderness to the River Euphrates; for I will deliver the inhabitants of the ... AD 110: Josephus: Simeon borders Egypt (Sinai Peninsula) and Arabia (Petra); Rhinocurura is in Egypt f. AD 325: The Onomasticon by Eusebius g. AD 400: Jerome: Raphia is near the border of Egypt ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-southern-border-judah-territory.htm

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'Edomite', `Negbite' And 'Midianite' Pottery From The Negev Desert ... Large quantities of imported pottery from the Aegean and Cyprus in Palestine, Jordan and Midian in north-west Arabia bear witness to this trade (Franken 1975). One of ... Figure 1 Location map me the sites in the Neget. and Jordan pertinent to this study. This pottery was first found at Tell el-Kheleifeh, near Aqaba in Jordan, by N. ... Two sites have provided most of the `Edomite' pottery so far found in the Negev: the shrine complex of Horvat Qitmit (north-east Negev) and Qadesh Barnea (east Sinai). The sites differ greatly in architectural layout: the Horvat Qitmit shrine consists of a few buildings, whereas Qadesh Barnea is a large fortress. Analytical work ... Table 1 Early Iron Age I and Late Iron Age II pottery found north and east of the Sinai peninsula Ceramic Period Late Bron:e Age II-Iron Age 1 Iron Age 11 Coarse ware ... Parr, P. J., 1988, Pottery of the late second millennium BC from north-west Arabia and its historical implications, in Araby the Blest: studies in Arabian archaeology ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-pottery-edomite-negev-midianite-neutron-activation-analysis-j-gunneweg-1991ad.htm

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Khirbat en-Nahas Fortress: Part of Solomon's network of military ... ... The site is situated in an area where numerous outcrops of copper ore were mined in the Saharo -Arabian desert zone, at the eastern margin of the Araba/Arava valley that separates modern Jordan and Israel. ... The pottery found at KEN is typical of what is found at all of the Negev fortresses: Midianite pottery is the trademark pottery manufactured at Qurayyah in Arabia and brought to Israel through the Kenites. ... in southern Israel, Jordan, and the Sinai Peninsula (Table 10.3), at ca. 73 x 73 m2, the KEN fortress is one of the largest fortifications from this period in the southern Levant. The closest parallel to the KEN gate and fortress complex is the one excavated by Glueck (Glueck 1938, 1939b, 1940b) at Tell el-Kheleifeh near Aqaba on the Red Sea which he dated to the 10th ... use." (The Bible and Radiocarbon Dating, Thomas E. Levy, Thomas Higham, 2005, p139) "The dating work undertaken at KEN thus far in the gate complex in Area A and the slag processing building in Area S ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-khirbat-en-nahas.htm

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Petra, Jordan: Biblical Kadesh Barnea, Sela, Joktheel, En-mishpat ... ... Today Qudeirat is the almost universal choice of location on all Bible maps because it is the largest spring in the Sinai Peninsula for a 100 km radius. But the real Kadesh was described as a ... The first reference to God being the "Rock" after Moses struck the rock, is: "The Rock! His work is perfect, For all His ways are just; A God of faithfulness and without injustice, Righteous and ... But if you drive eastward, as the Bible says, you reach the real "assent of Akrabbim", turn right and drive due south towards the Gulf of Aqaba. Next you pass the Wilderness of Zin on your left (in modern ... empire, would be one out of many instances with which oriental and ancient history abounds." (Sinai and Palestine, in connection with their history, Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, 1856 AD, p84-99) That ... was over, he caused the army to remove and to march through the wilderness and through Arabia; and when he came to a place which the Arabians esteem their metropolis, which was formerly ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rolalyn-maqsood-petra ... who dwelt in caves and lived by hunting; they did not cultivate the ground or keep cattle and sheep; they did not know the arts of making pottery or weaving; their tools and weapons were of unworked flint which they later learned to work and polish. ... Merchandise was brought by ship through the Straits of Hormuz in the Persian Gulf, to enter the Tigris-Euphrates delta and dock at Charax Spasinu. From there it would have been taken either up the Euphrates to Babylon, or across the top of the Nejd and Nefud deserts via Jauf (A1 Jawf) to Petra. Other routes to Petra went across the desert starting from what is now Kuwait, or Bahrain. Alternatively, the ships could go right round the south of Arabia and enter the Red Sea heading for the port of Ezion-Geber (now Aqaba). However, since most ships from the East could not sail against the very strong winds in the Red Sea, merchants regularly unloaded their goods on the Arabian peninsula, and carried them up the eastern shore by camel ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rosalyn-maqsood-petra-a-travelers-guide-1994ad.htm

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The Bible and Radiocarbon Dating: Archaeology, Text and Science ... ... In contrast, the lowlands of Edom, with elevations reaching ca. -80 masl, is typical of the Saharo-Arabian desert phytogeographic zone with pockets of Sudanian flora (Danin 1983), with mean annual rainfall ... To obtain an archaeological 'signature' of the fortress complex, we decided to focus our work on sampling what appeared to be the gate located on the western perimeter of the fortress. Although covered ... in southern Israel, Jordan, and the Sinai Peninsula (Table 10.3), at ca. 73 x 73 m2, the KEN fortress is one of the largest fortifications from this period in the southern Levant. The closest parallel to the KEN gate and fortress complex is the one excavated by Glueck (Glueck 1938, 1939b, 1940b) at Tell el-Kheleifeh near Aqaba on the Red Sea which he dated to the 10th ... While many researchers (Bienkowski 1992a; Bienkowski and van der Steen 2001; Finkelstein 1992a; Knauf-Belleri 1995) have argued that large scale trade in other goods, especially from Arabia, was the key ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-bible-and-radiocarbon-dating-archaeology-text-and-science-thomas-e-levy-thomas-higham-2005ad.htm

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Timna: Valley of the Biblical Copper Mines, Beno Rothenberg, ... ... ware are dated to the fourteenth to twelfth centuries c and there is good archaeological evidence for its origin in north-west Arabia, in the area of Midian. ... and the Amalekites, the indigenous inhabitants of the area, seem to have become some kind of 'partners' not only at work but also iii the worship of Hathor. ... Fara'un, located in the Gulf of Elat, some 4 km. south of Taba. This island was called variously 'Ile de Graye', 'el Qureiye', 'el Deir', 'el Kasr hadid', `Emrag', and recently the 'Coral Island'. It was first described by E. Riippel in 1829 and has since been repeatedly visited by travellers, geographers and archaeologists who ... Detailed descriptions of these ruins and other features of the island have been published in God's Wilderness, Discoveries in Sinai and in Negev and need not be ... Furthermore, in view of these dates and the fact that the island is the only natural anchorage in the northern part of the Gulfof Elat-Aqaba, it seemed logical to ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-timna-valley-of-the-biblical-copper-mines-beno-rothenberg-1969ad.htm

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The Edomites: From Esau to Edom to Idumea to Extinction 2006BC ... ... to be obeyed." (Ostracon 40 from Arad reconsidered, Nadav na'aman, 2003 AD) This is important because it proves Kadesh Barnea CANNOT be located at Ein Qudeirat in the Sinai, but rather at Petra. ... (them) by means of well-stamped (earth-) ramps, and battering-rams brought (thus) near (to the walls) (combined with) the attack by foot soldiers, (using) mines, breeches as well as sapper work. ... "In my ninth campaign, I called up my troops (and) marched directly against Uate', king of Arabia (Aribu) because he had broken the (agreements protected by) oaths (sworn to) me, did not remember ... During the time of the Exodus 1446 BC, Edom's territory ran beside Kadesh Barnea at Nabatean Petra from the gulf of Aqaba north to the Wadi Zered at the south end of the Salt Sea. After continuously ... The Arabs displace the Edomites and eventually began to occupy Petra which was the capital city of the Arabian Nabatean kingdom in the first century. "With Arab pressure on Edomite territory is to ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-edomite-territory-mt-seir.htm

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The Exodus Route: Pi-Hahiroth The Exodus Route: Pi-Hahiroth "mouth of water" facing Baal-Zephon: Ex 14:2 Num 33:7: The "mouth of water" or "entrance to the canal" refers to the tri-intersection of the Gulf of Suez, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Gulf of Arabia. The geographic reference "entrance to the canal FACING Baal-Zephon" identifies the shoreline from the southern tip of the modern Sinai Peninsula north towards the Gulf of Aqaba. The Israel Red Sea camp was below the Egyptian military Migdol's watchful eye, at the tri-intersection of the three Gulfs directly opposite Baal-Zephon. Click to View Exodus Route home page Click to View Overview map (Click on photo for high resolution) Click to View Satellite map (Click on photo for high resolution) Click to View Goshen Succoth Migdol Etham Pi Hahiroth Baal Zephon Straits of Tiran Introduction: 1. Two Bible verse: Ex 14:2 Num 33:7 2. The Hebrew word "Pi-Hahiroth" is a metaphoric term that means any or all of the following: a. "mouth of water" b. "mouth of the canal" c. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-pi-hahiroth.htm

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The Exodus Route: Wilderness of Shur The Bible tells us that Shur is the home turf of Ishmael and we know Ishmael settled near Midian which is in modern Saudi Arabia. e. We are shocked that more people have not connected this fact. The implications are huge for the exodus route, since it places Mt. Sinai in modern Saudi Arabia. There seems to be a disconnect in the biblical world. On one hand they all know that Ishmael lived in modern Saudi Arabia, yet on the other, they say Mt. Sinai is Mt. Musa in modern Sinai Peninsula. This is a contradiction. They entered the Wilderness of Shur after crossing the Red Sea and if Shur is where historic domain of the Ishmaelites, and the Ishmaelites live east of the Gulf of Aqaba, then Mt. Sinai must be in Modern Saudi Arabia. It's just that simple. 3. There is an element of circular reasoning that goes on in many exodus route locations. They know the Wilderness of Shur is immediately after crossing the Red Sea, so Bible maps place the Wilderness of Shur based upon where they think ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-wilderness-of-shur-ishmaelites-midianites-amalekites.htm

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The Sinai Peninsula has always been Egyptian territory. Introduction: 1. Josephus said the Sinai Peninsula was Egyptian territory: a. "The lot of Simeon (inside Judah), which was the second, included that part of Idumea [Edom] which bordered upon Egypt and Arabia." (Josephus, Antiquities 5.82) 2. The modern Sinai Peninsula has always been Egyptian territory and under Egypt's control: a. The Sinai Peninsula is called "The ... Only in the land of Goshen, where the sons of Israel were, there was no hail." (Exodus 9:25-26) 3. The north end of the Gulf of Suez was "outside the territory of Egypt" "So the Lord shifted the wind to a very strong west wind which took up the locusts and drove them into the Red Sea [Gulf of Suez] not one ... The most important moment they were free from Egyptian control is at the crossing of the Red sea. Arguing over Egyptian Territory in 1446 BC is irrelevant considering the fact that even at the Straits of Tiran at the Gulf of Aqaba was within striking distance for Pharaoh. Egypt had a migdol "military watchtower" ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-egypt-border-territory-sinai-peninsula-out-of-egypt.htm

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The Exodus Route: Baal Zephon ... And they did so." Exodus 14:1-4 2. Pi-hahiroth means a "mouth of water" or "entrance to the canal" in Hebrew: Exodus 14:2 Numbers 33:7 3. Pi-hahiroth, "entrance to the canal" refers to the large, central, tri-intersection of ocean between the Gulf of Suez, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Gulf of Arabia. a. This could refer to an area of shoreline on either Egypt proper, the modern Sinai Peninsula or Arabia. b. Without a second geographical marker, the "mouth of water" simply refers to the central place where all three bodies of water meet. 4. God provided a second geographic marker for the location of the Red Sea camp by saying it was located at Pi-Hahiroth "facing" or "towards" Baal-Zephon. a. This second geographic reference "entrance to the canal FACING Baal-Zephon" identifies the shoreline from the southern tip of the modern Sinai Peninsula north towards the Gulf of Aqaba. b. Baal-zephon is located at Mt. Tiran, which is 501 meters high. Mt. Tiran is located on Tiran Island, Saudi ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-baal-zephon.htm

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Apion (Josephus against Apion) 45 AD ... language denotes rest from all sorts of work; but the word Sabbo, as he affirms, denotes among the Egyptians the malady of a bubo in the groin. 3. (28) This is that novel account which the Egyptian Apion gives us concerning the Jews' departure out of Egypt, and is no better than a contrivance of his own. ... Josephus exposes Apion's fictitious version of the exodus. Apion, the satanic liar, is the only one in history we could find before 300 AD, who said that Mt. Sinai was located in the Sinai Peninsula. However Apion clearly considered this region to NOT be part of Arabia. Apion hated the Jewish people and all we know of his views are through the eyes of how Josephus refuted him. Some ... However this would not give any help to those who accept the choice of Constantines mother, Queen Helina at Mt. Musa, in 325 AD. Apion's location of Mt. Sinai would be somewhere north of a line due east of the northern tip of the Gulf of Suez. Apion rules out Mt. Sinai located at Mt. Musa. Apion says that ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-apion-45ad.htm

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Amalek and the Amalekites The Amalekites had their origin within the Edomites, being descendants of Esau. They are often associated with Edom, living in the same area as Edom. Their traditional territory is transjordan between Babylon and the gulf of Aqaba. The Amalekites were enemies of Israel. The Amalekite territory very was similar to the Ishmaelites: ... Saul defeated the Amalekites whose "city" where they lived, was in a region "from Havilah as you go to Shur" which is entirely "transjordan" between Midian and Babylon: 1 Samuel 15:7 The border between Israel and Egypt at the time of David was the Wadi el-Arish. Egypt controlled the entire modern Sinai Peninsula. We know that 1 Sam ... Seir with the Edomites and just north of the Midianites. D. The Amalekites did not live in the Modern Sinai Peninsula: Those who oppose placing Mt. Sinai in modern Saudi Arabia incorrectly place the territory of the Amalekites in the modern Sinai Peninsula. They argue that is seems unlikely that they would attack Israel in ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-amalekites.htm

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Demetrius the Chronographer: 220 BC PDF Mt. Sinai in Arabia His work clearly, and perhaps exclusively, presupposes the Greek Old Testament. Evidence for a knowledge of biblical traditions in Hebrew is scant. In fragments 2 and 3 he reflects the chronographic system of the Septuagint and shows no knowledge ... Sinai near the city of Madyan (al Bad) in northwestern Arabia. a. "He [Demetrius] says, however, that Moses fled into Midian, and there married Zipporah ... and they dwelt in the city Madiam, which was called from one of the sons of Abraham." (Eusesbius, Praep. Ev. 9.29, quoting Demetrius the ... Though he rehearses biblical history in the tradition of certain Hellenistic historians, such as Eratosthenes, Manetho, and Berossus, Demetrius displays an explicit interest in exegetical problems. In his exegetical approach, he appears to employ an established method of interpretation known as aporiai kai luseis ("problems and solutions," or "questions and answers") used by pagan writers to interpret the writings of Homer and Hesiod and later ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-demetrius-the-chronographer-225bc.htm

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Archeology of the Oppression, Exodus and Conquest of Israel: ... ... The windows were used for supplying feed and water without opening the door. It was a small room that would keep up to six goats or two cows. It was in this kind of Hebrew family house where Jesus was born "in the manger". In first century homes, the work, cooking and animal were on the main floor and sleeping quarters were on the second floor. See: Jesus birth. Fenestrated walls were very common in the first century. Other ... The Lord was going before them in a pillar of cloud by day to lead them on the way, and in a pillar of fire by night to give them light, that they might travel by day and by night. He did not take away the pillar of cloud by day, nor the pillar of fire by night, from before the people." (Exodus 13:20-22) VI. Mount Sinai and two Sinai Inscriptions: 1. Red sea crossing: Straits of Tiran on the gulf of Aqaba crossing on day 25 2. Mt. Sinai: Jebel/Mt. Lawz in Saudi Arabia arriving on day 45 spending 11 months 3. Sinai 345: The Rosetta Sphynx: Israel worships Hathor ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeological-evidence-of-the-Exodus-Egyptian-Oppression-Hebrew-Conquest-Israel-Sinai-inscriptions-Jacob-in-Egypt-Joseph-Moses-inscription.htm

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The Exodus Route: Etham "Shut in by wilderness" ... Then they travel to the required second Red Sea camp and then BACKRACK to El bad then join the Tiran crossing route to Mt. Sinai. All this makes one wonder if the two routes join south of El Bad why ... Goshen) or the major Egyptian seaport on the north shore of the Gulf of Suez (I would not rejoice after crossing, I would keep running) is unconscionable. At Nuweiba there is an easy escape along the coast north to Elat. In fact, the Straits of Tiran provide the only workable geography to solve the Etham dilemma. After crossing at Tiran into Saudi Arabia, they were truly "out of Egyptian control". ... Many commentators completely ignore it in Num 33:8. e. It may simply mean there is a place called Etham on both sides of the Gulf of Aqaba at the straits of Tiran. Which if these two are correct is ... Numbers 33:6. Traditional thinking interprets this as the starting edge of the wilderness on the west side of the Bitter Lakes before they entered what is traditionally called the Sinai Peninsula. 2. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-etham.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-johann-heinrich-kurtz-history ... ... It embraces the tract of desert between Egypt, Palestine, and the mountains of Seir, which is separated from the Sinaitic peninsula (in the strictest sense) by the border mountains of et-Tih. This broad, desert tract of table-land is ... This El-Paran (= Terebinth-grove of Paran), as Tuch has shown ( p. 170), cannot be any other than the ancient El ath or Aileh, at the northern extremity of the Elanitic gulf to which it has given the name. Elath formed the actual gate of Arabia Petrosa, and as such is distinguished here by the cognomen Paran. It is for this very reason that it is described as situated " at the entrance to the desert " (^fòiT^). The march of the Israelites from Sinai to the southern borders of Palestine, which brought them ... Since then, Ewald, Tuch, Winer, and Fries have taken Rowlands' side ; whilst Eitter, who could only refer to the discoveries of Eowlands in a supplement to his work (xiv. 1083 sqq.), seems to have been afterwards in perplexity as to the side ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-johann-heinrich-kurtz-history-of-the-old-covenant-1872ad.htm

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