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| 1: | Reassessing the chronology of Biblical Edom, Thomas E. Levy, ...
large copper-working site of Khirbat en-Nahas was followed by stratigraphic excavations at an ancient fortress and two metal processing facilities located on the site surface. The results were spectacular. Occupation begins here in the eleventh century BC and the monumental fortress is built in the tenth. If this site can be equated with the rise of ... Keywords: Iron Age, Levant, Edom, copper-working, chronology, state formation Introduction The archaeology of the Iron Age (c. 1200 - 586 BC) in the southern Levant (Israel, the Palestinian ... The recent application of high-precision radiocarbon dates to Iron Age archaeological strata offers a less biased approach for establishing a reliable chronology for the region and for assessing Biblical and ancient Near Eastern textual and archaeological data (Bruins et ... Surface mapping of the Khirbat en-Nahas site in 2002 revealed over 100 building complexes (Figure 2). The further aims of the 2002 season were to excavate and sample ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-reassessing-the-chronology-of%20biblical-edom-thomas-e-levy-2004ad.htm | 97%  Size: 41K Depth: 6 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 2: | The Bible and Radiocarbon Dating: Archaeology, Text and Science ... ... The 2002 University of California, San Diego-Department of Antiquities of Jordan (UCSD-DOAJ) archaeological excavations at the copper pro-duction center of Khirbat en-Nahas (KEN) demonstrate monumental building and industrial scale copper production in two major phases dating to the 12th-11th and 10th-9th centuries BCE. Strati-graphic excavations, new high precision radiocarbon dating using short-life samples, and small finds such as ceramics, scarabs, and arrowheads from the site show the centrality of the Iron Age landscape in the copper ore-rich lowlands of Edom for the formation of complex societies in this part of the southern Levant. The new data presented here challenge previous assumptions about the Iron Age in Jordan, such as ... However, the excavations in Area M highlight the need carefully to excavate this (or another) slag mound to virgin soil so as to identify the full sequence of copper ore smelting activities during the Iron Age in Faynan. Perhaps the biggest surprise ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-bible-and-radiocarbon-dating-archaeology-text-and-science-thomas-e-levy-thomas-higham-2005ad.htm | 93% Size: 126K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 3: | Khirbat en-Nahas Fortress: Part of Solomon's network of military ... This is the largest copper mine in the entire Arabah valley. The true to colour image above shows the piles of black copper slag stacked all around the site. Introduction document: Solomon's network of military border fortresses ... The pre-occupation level under the fortress, is more likely Moabite or Amorite. Click to View KEN is larger than Timna. "The excavations at Khirbat en-Nahas, the largest Iron Age copper production centre in the southern Levant" (Reassessing the chronology of Biblical Edom, Thomas E. Levy, 2004 AD) Learn more ... For example, the Bible makes over 40 references to the great Hittite Empire. You see, 100 years ago, no archaeological evidence had ever been found to prove it really did exist. "Just another Bible myth!" skeptics charged in an ... metal production: in the twelfth - eleventh centuries BC and during the tenth - ninth centuries BC. These new data necessitate a re-examination of the role of the lowlands in the control of metal production during the rise of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-khirbat-en-nahas.htm | 88% Size: 34K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 4: | Negev Pottery: "Negev ware" "Negevite ware" Crude, hand made ... 1406 BC to 586 BC. Negev Pottery is also found at Qudeirat and Timna and the Egyptian port island of Jezirat Faraun and Elat and Khirbat en-Nahas. ... One exception was the fortress at Kuntillet Ajrud, which lacked Negev pottery. "Surprisingly, the site yielded no "Negeb-type pottery" ... his excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh in 1938-1940 AD. He wrongly assumed they were used for the smelting of copper from the mines at Timna. ... earlier (1972: 153-54), and now, since the excavations at Kadesh-barnea, it is clear that it remained in use until the end of the Iron Age. ... Although not enough archaeological evidence exists so far for the accurate dating of these settlements, the Timna Temple finds strongly ... These more experimental forms are associated primarily with the later levels of the site." (Did I Excavate Kadesh-Barnea? absence of Exodus ... The date of this level cannot be determined in light of current data. (Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh: A Reappraisal, Gary D. Pratico, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-negev-ware-negevite-ware-hand-made-pottery.htm | 81% Size: 47K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 5: | Timna are well corroborated by 1 Chronicles 22:3; 'And David prepared iron in abundance for the nails for the doors of the gates, and for the ... vessel of brass." (Timna, Beno Rothenberg, 1969 AD) A much larger copper mining operation is located at Khirbat en-Nahas, located 38 km north of Petra that the Egyptians never mined at. This site has a fortress built by Solomon. It is strange that Solomon did not built a fortress at Timna. A logical reason would be that Khirbat en-Nahas needed a fortress since it was a hostile take over, whereas Timna was ... and the Arabah, the Hathor Temple of Timna provides the first archaeological evidence for actual and lengthy Egyptian control of this area." ... civilization in precisely the period in question, the end of the Late Bronze Age and the beginning of the Iron Age, the 13th to 12th centuries. ... at Qurayyah, in modern Saudi Arabia. "We have compared these data with those obtained from archaeologically defined local 'Midianite' ... ... https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-timna.htm | 75% Size: 64K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 6: | Pottery of the Bible lands In the context of Khirbat en-Nahas they are clearly associated with local production since they have slag temper, and are not a useful tool for dating." (Reassessing the ... associated with 'cleaner' assemblages of ceramics, scarabs, seals and other archaeological evidence. While the current dates push the occupational history of Edom back to the 12th-9th centuries BCE, the sample size is too small to confront the arguments concerning the High and Low Chronologies for the Iron Age in Israel/Palestine. ... pottery: Two painted 'Midianite' sherds (N27 and 28) from smelting site 2 at Timna show a chemical composition which is different from all pottery seen so far. ... kiln discovered at Qurayyah, in modern Saudi Arabia. "We have compared these data with those obtained from archaeologically defined local 'Midianite' pottery, ... was certainly dependent on foreign trade because no major settlements have been found near Timna which could have imported Timna's entire copper output. ... ... https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-pottery.htm | 74% Size: 9K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 7: | Transjordan Early Edom And Moab 1900 BC Early Edom And Moab The Beginning of the Iron Age in Southern Jordan edited by Piotr Bienkowski 1992 AD (Early Edom And Moab, Egyptian evidence on Ancient Jordan; K. A. Kitchen, Editor: Piotr ... Non-literary archaeological data round out the picture. We shall review the Egyptian data chronologically. Early 2nd millennium BC We begin this early - as compactly as possible - to lay the foundations for ... No. 98, tpn, could in theory be at Talmudic Taphnith, at present Tibnin - an untested site? However, Redford has proposed a radically different solution for these 15 names - as part of an ... Much less well preserved, the Shihan stela illustrates a different concept. Its two-dimensional artistic conventions are based on Egyptian (as is true of the Levant as far north as Ugarit), and ... During the time documented by the pottery, copper production in the Feinan region flourished, and thousands of tons of slag were produced. Hauptmann reports a 'copper industry' serving a wider ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-edomites-early-edom-and-moab-piotr-bienkowski-1992ad.htm | 65% Size: 75K Depth: 3 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 8: | Archaeology and the Religions of Canaan and Israel, Beth Alpert ... ... A DEFINITION OF CANAANITE First, however, the question of the relationship among the cultures of the Levant must be addressed. Particularly relevant are an understanding of the terms "Canaan" and "Canaanite" and an assessment of their ... They examined religions from the Paleolithic through the Iron Age by reference to archaeological data and although restricted by their evolutionary approach, their utilization of archaeology to study ancient religions provided a scholarly balance and foreshadowed future ... in field research in Palestine since his arrival there late in 1919. Indeed, his excavation at Tell Beit Mirsim in the 1930's was a landmark project and his site report noteworthy for its inclusion of an innovative ceramic study (1943). ... McCarter prefers the reading of 4QSama, which mentioned only two cooking pots, the rys and the rwrp (1980: 79). According to Kelso, rwyk referred to a copper vessel used in the Tabernacle or First Temple as a laver, but in the sanctuary ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-archaeology-and-the-religions-of-Canaan-and-israel-beth-alpert-nakhai.htm | 65% Size: 576K Depth: 6 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 9: | Timna: Valley of the Biblical Copper Mines, Beno Rothenberg, ... ... As only Site 2 was excavated it is impossible at present to establish detailed chronological data for these camps, apart from the fact that the pottery found on all of them indicates ... X MINE I') SMELTING CAMP 0 EXCAVATED SITE OTHER SITES ve.- CLIFF WADI COPPER REARING YOTVATA SANDSTONE NEGEV22.X'5 4,219A 4 23 22 8- - ' ....C'. TIMNA P.14 ce- _ . EDOM - 9 . BEER ORA; 033 W.AMRAM CF ) /-* c. ADD SINAI x EL AT X it RED SEA TELL-El-KHELEIFEH AQABA MIC IAN 3 15 Ramesside and Late Bronze AgeEarly Iron Age sites in the Arabah and adjoining Negev mountains Timna Ramesside Copper Mines at Timna Plate 19 ... Furthermore, besides the large, heavy and dark coloured slag, many smaller pieces of porous appearance and of light brown-grey colour were found at Site 2. There was no archaeological ... The immediate objectives of the excavations were: (1) To locate and excavate metallurgical installations and materials, to enable the ancient processes to be reconstructed. (2) To ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-timna-valley-of-the-biblical-copper-mines-beno-rothenberg-1969ad.htm | 64% Size: 166K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 10: | Nelson Glueck's 1938-1940 Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh: A ... This study reappraises his excavations with special attention to the site's stratigraphy, architecture, and pottery traditions. The data ... Identification of the site is both an archaeological and an historical problem. INTRODUCTION The Jordanian site of Tell el-Kheleifeh is ... Glueck directed three seasons of excavation at the site between 1938 and 1940, discerning six major periods of occupation (IA, IC, II-V) with three subphases (IB, IVA, IVB). Thesite's occupational horizons were dated between the Iron I and Persian periods (Glueck 1938a: 3-17; 1938b: ... Fig. 1. Tell el-Kheleifeh at the end of the 1938 season. architectural tradition of the Iron Age, known as the "four-room house" (Shiloh ... These vessels were originally interpreted as crucibles and associated with the smelting of copper ores. The importance of this pottery for ... Revue Biblique 73: 372-403. 1971a A Brief Note on Excavations at Tawilan, Jordan 1968-70. Levant 3: 5-7. 197 lb An Archaeological Survey of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-nelson-gluecks-1938-1940-excavations-tell-el-kheleifeh-reappraisal-gary-pratico-1985ad.htm | 64% Size: 69K Depth: 6 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 11: | Solomon's Fortress at Elat, Aqaba: Tell el-Kheleifeh and Jezirat ... Click to View Qudeirat Click to View Qedeis Click to View Quseima Click to View Nahas Click to View K. Ajrud Click to View Elat/Kheleifeh Click to View Haseva Click ... Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh, 1965 AD) Nelson Gluecks was the first to excavate tell-el-kheleifeh between 1938-1940 AD. But in 1965 AD, he re-evaluated some ... copper mines at Timna a 15 miles north, including copper fishhooks and copper slag. "Although the Masoretic Text for 2 Kgs 16:6 reads: At that time Rezin ... first place, could not have been recovered by Syria (Bartlett 1989:127)." (The Iron Age Fortresses at En Haseva, Rudolph Cohen, 1995 AD) A. Location of Elat and ... lies buried somewhere beneath the sands of modern Eilat or Aqabah; but the site of Ezion-Geber is surely the island of Jezirat Faraun." (Jezirat Faraun: Is ... The data suggest that Tell el-Kheleifeh was occupied in two major phases; casemate fortress and fortified settlement. (Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh: A ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-ezion-geber-elat-aqaba.htm | 64% Size: 65K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 12: | 'Edomite', `Negbite' And 'Midianite' Pottery From The Negev Desert ... the provenance of ceramics found in the Negev desert in Israel ('Amr 1987; Gunneweg et al. forthcoming) in contrast to that on major archaeological sites in central and northern Israel. ... This hand- and wheelmade pottery was also found at various copper smelting sites at Timna of which three are particularly well dated, that is smelting sites 2 and 3, and a group of ... wasters would be site-specific. An extra kiln waster from Elusa in the western Negev (N 127) was analysed as well. Three groups of Iron Age II pottery served as additional reference material. One group is stylistically local to Beer Sheba (unpublished data from the Berkeley data bank), whereas two others of plain 'Edomite' ware are chemically local to Tawilan and 'Umm el-Biyarah in Jordan (Gunneweg et al. forthcoming). ... Old Testament, Suppl. Ser., 24. Bennett. C.-M., 1984, Excavations at Tawilan in southern Jordan, 1982. Levant, 16, 1-23. Cohen. R., 1983, The excavations at Qadesh Barnea. 1976-1982. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-pottery-edomite-negev-midianite-neutron-activation-analysis-j-gunneweg-1991ad.htm | 63% Size: 49K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 13: | Ein El-Qudeirat is not Kadesh Barnea: : Wrongly identified as ... Introduction document: Solomon's network of military border fortresses Click to View Qudeirat Click to View Qedeis Click to View Quseima Click to View Nahas Click to ... Virtually all Bible maps incorrectly place Kadesh at Qudeirat. Click to View "L. Woolley and T.E. Lawrence described the site and its eight-towered fortress and ... (The Fortress at Kadesh-Barnea, M Dothan, 1965) Gunneweg also says the same: "The Iron Age II fortress of Qadesh Barnea (nowadays called Tell 'Ein el-Qudeirat) is located in ... The springs of Ein el-Qudeirat are the richest and most abundant in the Sinai; they water the largest oasis in northern Sinai. (Did I Excavate Kadesh-Barnea? absence of ... "Our archaeological excavations have revealed the ruins of three Iron Age (Israelite) fortresses on the tell, each, except for the first, built over its predecessor. These fortresses date from the tenth to the sixth centuries B.C. and provide important data which help flesh out the tangled history of this ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-ein-el-qudeirat.htm | 63% Size: 123K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 14: | Nimrod and the Archaeology of the Tower of Babel by Steven Rudd ... ... and objects excavated at a single site or within one or more stratum which sometimes become diagnostic at other sites for dating. Assemblages found at Ubaid, Uruk 2. Christian Archaeological Dating (CAD): The oldest possible archeological age can be no older than the Noahic ... Often distinct Archaeological ages separated by thousands of years are fabricated which are based upon concurrent regional differences in localized assemblages. 4. Levant: The historic lands of the Bible starting at Greece then sweeping through Turkey, Syria, Judea and Egypt 5. Khirbet ... Campaign of Seti I in Canaan in 1295 (Year 1, 3rd month of 3rd season, day 10) Iron Age: 1177 BC Philistines conquer the world 1177-1051 Iron ... Therefore, the data the Archaeologists collected was correct and their conclusions provide powerful truth understood by later Christian ... Abu Shahrain) is remote, desolate and abandoned and would be quite easy to excavate with modern excavation equipment and a professional team! ... ... https://www.bible.ca/nimrod/welcome.htm | 61% Size: 1.4M Depth: 3 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 15: | The Water Supply and Distribution System of the Nabataean City ... ... Egyptian copper and brass piping systems associated with 5th Dynasty Temples at Abusir form part of temple drainage systems to the Nile. Athens in the 6-7th century BC ... A well exists in the Byzantine church east of (45 in B;2), and there may have been others; as yet, none are reported from the limited excavation data. Judging from ... A similar calculation shows that Zurraba reservoir contains about three weeks' emergency supply. Additional cisterns and dams on site, particularly those of the Wasi ... Provided a cistern could be made deep enough, it would be resupplied from groundwater, a technique well known in Bronze and Iron Age cities of the Near East. Summary and ... Nehme, L., 2000. The world of the Nabataeans, in The Levant, ed. O. Binst. Cologne: Konemann Verlagsgesellshaft mbH, 37-63. Ortloff, C.R. & D. Crouch, 1998. Hydraulic analysis of a self-cleaning drainage outlet at the Hellenistic City of Priene. Journal of Archaeological Science 25, 1211-20. Ortloff, C.R. & D. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-water-supply-of-petra-charles-r-ortloff-2005.htm | 60% Size: 71K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 16: | The Exodus Route: A scriptural proof, with the witness of history ... ... Having said this, Archaeology is an important tool in validating the Bible. I have travelled extensively throughout Israel and the Levant. I ... Bronze Age Dates?, Near Eastern Archaeological Society Bulletin, Vol 58, 2013 AD) The mushroom hairstyle is also Semitic and non-Egyptian. ... Hatshepsut was coregent with her stepson Thutmoses III from 1485-1464 for a period of 21 years until she died at age 77. Thutmoses III carried ... in these data is desired, the security of this conviction becomes even more decisive by virtue of the fact that 5 of the milestones are thought to have been originally erected in the vicinity of Kh. al-Kithara, inside the confines of the canyon-like Wadi Yutm and at a site along the ... Two Egyptian copper/turquoise mines were in full operation in 1446 BC in the Sinai: The entire Sinai Peninsula is "IN EGYPT" and has always ... from Kurnub which is generally identified with Mapsis (cf. also Avi-Yonah) and has a large Roman fort as well as Nabatean and Iron II sherds. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route.htm | 59% Size: 477K Depth: 1 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 17: | Kadesh-Barnea by Henry Clay Trumbull, 1884 AD ... the Arabic ( f^) ; the Syriac (VOJQ 5); and the Hebrew (OPT) ; I should take the radical meaning to be strike, thrust, whence dot, excavate. ... in the hope of finding a more attractive home in the Land of Bond age than was available to him in the ancient Land of Promise. 3. NATURAL ... The whole thing is, however, of little importance except as showing the fact, that in this earliest mention of the possible site of ... With the discovery of printing, there came also a new applica tion of copper engraving, and wood-cutting, for the multiplication of ... by Ptolemy had been preserved. 5 The earliest known maps plotted from his data are supposed to have been made in the fifth century of our era. ... arrested and locked 1 See his portrait, accompanying. 2 Warner s In the Levant, p. 220. 262 KADESH-BARNEA. up by Turkish officials in Bayroot. ... art for it as a fortified Wall of granite, whose battlements are square stone, and every gate of it is iron. The strangers enter not into it." ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-henry-clay-trumbull-1884ad.htm | 58% Size: 1.1M Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 18: | The "Aharoni Fortress" Near Quseima and the "Israelite Fortresses ... Tel Aviv, Israel (The "Aharoni Fortress" Near Quseima and the "Israelite Fortresses" in the Negev, Zeev Meshel, 1994 AD) The first part of this article is the final report on the excavations at the Iron Age site on a high hill near Quseima, dominating the Dharb Ghazza road to Eilat and Sinai. The second part returns to an old archaeological controversy: who built the sites known as "Israelite fortresses," when, and ... The total area of the site is more than 3500 m2, making it the largest of its kind, several times larger than most of the other fortresses (for a summary of the data on the fortresses, see Cohen 1986: 330; Finkelstein 1984: 191, with bibliography). Most of the enclosed area is an open ... As we have seen, his point of departure is the Beersheba Valley, where he ascribes the initial stage, in the 1 1 th century B.C. to climatic change. He extends this argument to the Negev Highlands. Eitam attributes the initiation of the process to the cessation of copper mining at ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-aharoni-fortress-near-quseima-israelite-fortresses-in-negev-zeev-meshel-1994ad.htm | 57% Size: 92K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 19: | Joshua's Altar on Mt. Ebal and the Lead Curse Tablet ... Daniel Vavrik and his colleagues from the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech ensured the accuracy of the raw data which the team interpreted. An academic, peer-reviewed monograph of the Lead Curse Table published in AD 2022 was the ... Ebal Altar and the Beginnings of the Nation of Israel". See also: (Zertal, A. 1986/87 An Early Iron Age Cultic Site on Mt. Ebal: Excavation Seasons 1982-1987. Tel Aviv 13-14: 105-65. 1993.) and (The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavation in the Holy Land, Vol. 1, ed. E. Stern. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society and Carta. Ebal, Mount. Pp. 375-77) Click to View 4. The site at Mt. Ebal had two occupation ... This summer (2008), you can help archaeologists from the University of Haifa dig deeper into this fascinating but still poorly understood site. The goals for this season will be to locate and excavate the Middle Bronze Age palace, further explore the city's Bronze Age fortification system ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-altar-of-joshua.htm | 56% Size: 538K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 20: | Solomon's network of military border fortresses in the Negev Introduction document: Solomon's network of military border fortresses Click to View Qudeirat Click to View Qedeis Click to View Quseima Click to View Nahas Click to View K. Ajrud Click to View ... Having examined most of the archeological data, it is clear that these fortresses were indeed built by Solomon in 950 BC. This study focuses only on the outmost ring of these fortresses in an effort ... Second, at Kadesh-barnea in the 8th-7th centuries B.C. a solid-walled fortress was erected over its predecessor's remains." (The Iron Age Fortresses in the Central Negev, Rudolph Cohen, 1979 AD) One of ... According to the general plan of the site and the finds, it may clearly be classified as one of the "Israelite fortresses in the Negev."" (The "Aharoni Fortress" Near Quseima and the "Israelite ... As a result of all these archaeological surveys, more than 40 Iron Age fortresses have now been identified in the Central Negev. (The Fortresses King Solomon Built to Protect His Southern Border, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-davids-negev-border-fortress-network.htm | 55% Size: 75K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 21: | Origin of the Philistines, Sea Peoples, Pentapolis Cities, Goliath VII. Philistine war gear: Feathered and horned helmets, spears and shields: 1177 BC VIII. Philistines trigger collapse of Bronze Age and mark beginning of Iron age: 1177 BC Conclusion ... This artificial appellation was coined by Arthur Evans, excavator of Knossos, a major site on Crete, based on Minos, an ancient ruler of Crete known from Greek mythology. We do not know what the ancient inhabitants of Crete called themselves. Archaeological evidence indicates that the Minoans were engaged in maritime trade throughout the Levant in the Middle Bronze period (ca. 2000-1500 BC). Some of this evidence suggests that they ... Hazor was called the "King of Canaan" at the time of Deborah in 1200 BC. 4. Philistines conquer the world and thereby trigger the beginning of the Iron Age in 1177 BC: a. Rameses III: ... May 31, 2006) 5. The radiocarbon results, in relation to archaeological and historical data, lead us to propose a date of 1194-1190 BC for the Sea People event in the northern Levant. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeology-origin-of-the-Philistines-Pentapolis-Sea-Peoples-Crete-Rameses-III-Medinet-Habu-Mortuary-temple-reliefs-inscriptions-Thebes-1077BC.htm | 55% Size: 207K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 22: | Midianite Pottery: The designer import of the ancient world. ... was imported from a kiln discovered at Qurayyah, in modern Saudi Arabia. "We have compared these data with those obtained from archaeologically defined local 'Midianite' pottery, which was obtained ... Qurayyah is a likely candidate because this ceramic does not analyse as Negev or Edom wares and Qurayyah is archaeologically the major site in a region which served as a corridor between Arabia and the ... comparison shows that these compositions are quite similar." (Edomite, Negev, Midianite Pottery: Neutron Activation Analysis, Gunneweg, 1991 AD) "Early Iron Age I Timna, with its highly centralized metal-mining activities, was certainly dependent on foreign trade because no major settlements have been found near Timna which could have imported Timna's entire copper output. ... Today the Timna types of Midianite ware are dated to the fourteenth to twelfth centuries c and there is good archaeological evidence for its origin in north-west Arabia, in the area of Midian. Indeed, the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-midianite-pottery.htm | 55% Size: 29K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 23: | bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-did-i-excavate ... Did I Excavate Kadesh-Barnea? Ein el-Qudeirat Difficulty of site identification and absence of Exodus remains poses problem By Rudolph Cohen 1981 AD The problem of Kadesh-Barnea is simply stated: Has the site been correctly identified? If so, why have we ... Its strategic location on two important ancient routes, its abundance of water and its correspondence with Biblical geography makes this the most likely candidate; no other site offers a convincing alternative. The tell at Kadesh-Barnea (formerly Tell ... Ein el-Qudeirat had three fortresses: (built and destroyed three times) Our archaeological excavations have revealed the ruins of three Iron Age (Israelite) fortresses on the tell, each, except for the first, built over its predecessor. These fortresses date from the tenth to the sixth centuries B.C. and provide important data which help flesh out the tangled history of this period. Youngest of three fortresses: 700 BC (top layer, first excavated) The uppermost, and therefore ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-did-i-excavate-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-bar-1981ad.htm | 55% Size: 20K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 24: | Pots and Polities: Material Remains of Late Iron Age Judah in ... ... By this rule, if all the sites of a certain sys-tem are listed according to size, a site number N in the list will have 1/N population of the largest (first) site (Johnson 1981: 144, fig. 1).5 If we draw site lists ... Liverani has provided a thorough discussion of political borders, mainly pertaining to the Levant in the second millennium B.C. He distinguishes (with a strong Marxist taste) two kinds of ideologies influ-encing ... Clear and well-defined borders were thus a necessity for maintaining normal relationships between neighboring entitiesbe they cities, kingdoms, or empires. Judah and its neighbors in the Iron Age II were states or polities with well-defined borders and border concepts (geographical as well as ideological). Recent archaeological theories have ... Data about later or earlier HRF are not available. The fact that many HRF appear in Judah already in the eighth century B.C. calls for explanation, since Dailey (1985) as-sumed that Israel had no significant cavalry ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-pots-and-polities-material-remains-of-late-iron-age-judah-in-relation-to-its-political-borders-raz-kletter-1999ad.htm | 54% Size: 140K Depth: 6 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 25: | The Rectangular Fortress at Kadesh Barnea, David Ussishkin, 1995 ... Cohen published his main stratigraphic conclusions, but the factual data on which they are based were only partially published.3 Nevertheless, we possess sufficient data to question some of his central ... Following his soundings in 1956, Dothan reached four conclusions relevant to our study. Three periods of settlement can be discerned at the site: a settlement which existed 'before the construction of the ... created 1 C.L. Woolley and T.E. Lawrence: The Wilderness of Zin (Archaeological Report), PEFA 3 (1914-1915), pp. 64-67. 2 M. Dothan: The Fortress at Kadesh-Barnea, IEJ 15 (1965), pp. 134-151. 3 R. Cohen: Notes and News: Kadesh-Barnea, IEJ 26 (1976), pp. 201-202; 28 (1978), p. 197; 30 (1980), pp. 235-236; 32 (1982), pp. 70-71, 266-267; idem, Did I Excavate Kadesh-Barnea? ... at Tel Lachish and the superimposed residency of the Persian period, 0. Tufnell: Lachish III, The Iron Age, London, 1953, Pls. 118-119. 5 Cf., e.g., the wall surrounding the courtyard of the Level II city ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-rectangular-fortress-at-kadesh-barnea-david-ussishkin-1995ad.htm | 54% Size: 25K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 26: | The Iron Age Fortresses at En Haseva, Rudolph Cohen, 1995 AD ... No. 277 Jerusalem: The Israel Museum. Bennett, C.M. 1974 Excavations at Buseirah, Southern Jordan,1972: Preliminary Report. Levant vi:1-24. Bright, J. 1981 A History of Israel. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press. Cohen, R. ... Kitchen, K. A. 1986 The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (1100-650 2nd rev. ed. Warminster: Avis and Phillips, Ltd. Knauf, E. A. 1991 King Solomon's Copper Supply. Pp.167-86 in Phoenicia and the Bible, edited by E. Lipinski Studia ... Palestine Exploration Quarterly 123:117-8. 1992 Assyrian Involvement in Edom. Pp. 35-39 in. Early Edom and Moab The Beginning of the Iron Age in Southern Jordan, edited by P Bienkowsk. Sheffield Archaeological Monographs 7. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press. Miller, J. M. 1987 Old Testament ... Pratico, G. D. 1985 Nelson Glueck's 1938-1940 Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh: A Reap- praisal. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 259:1-32. 1986 Where is Ezion-Geber? A Reappraisal of the Site Archaeologist ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-iron-age-fortresses-negev-ein-haseva-rudolph-cohen-1995ad.htm | 54% Size: 55K Depth: 6 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 27: | Basta, Jordan: Biblical Kadesh Barnea. slaughterhouse, crop storage ... ... slopes protected archaeological deposits (Area A, NW Section) - huge accumulations of weathering products and high aeolian silt proportions developed rapidly during the LPPNB and especially in the two millennia after (e.g. ... presence of a high frequency of fallow deer. In addition, the comparative data on burnt bones suggests a slightly higher (though not significant) frequency at Mount Ebal than that expected from a bone sample of this size. ... In the early Iron Age I some of its stones were robbed. In a later phase of the Iron Age I, during construction work on the mound, a Late Bronze Age favissa was found and removed to the robber trench in Area D. In a yet later phase of this period silos were dug into this debris. (Shiloh ... The site of Basta is located in the southern Levant near the famous Nabatean site of Petra (Jordan), about 12 km south-south east of Wadi Musa. It lies at 1420-1460 m above sea level in a limestone-area within a mountainous belt that parallels the Jordan Rift ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-Basta-storage-slaughter-house-city-100000-bones.htm | 53% Size: 98K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 28: | Misidentified: "Belonging to Jotham" and "Belonging to Eliakim ... ... Pioneer archaeologist Nelson Glueck believed it to be the site of the biblical cities Ezion-Geber and, later, Elath. Abbas. the Arab foreman of Glueck, found a seal ring under a mud brick wall. ... The seal itself, enclosed in a copper casing. had incised on it in retrograde. in the clearest possible ancient Hebrew characters, the following inscription: LYTM. "belonging to Jotham." Below the ... In 1953, many of these identical seals were found in an iron age destruction layer at Lachish directly associated with the Assyrian king Sennacherib's campaign of 701 BC. d. However, as we will see, this ... 1981)." (The Eliakim Na˓ar Yokan Seal Impressions: Sixty Years of Confusion in Biblical Archaeological Research, Yosef Garfinkel, Biblical Archaeologist, Vol. 53, 1990 AD) 3. "It was Nalunan ... (Identifying Biblical Persons in Northwest Semitic Inscriptions of 1200-539 B.C.E., Lawrence J. Mykytiuk, p24, 2004 AD) 6. "David Ussishkin published new data from his excavations at Lachish (1976). ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-archeology-jeremiah-clay-bullae-seal-inscription-Belonging-to-Eliakim-servant-of-Jehoiachin-belonging-to-Jotham-misidentified.htm | 53% Size: 47K Depth: 6 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 29: | bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rolalyn-maqsood-petra ... ... Ishmael, his firstborn, was the son of Hagar an Egyptian concubine, possibly of royal birth. Isaac his second was son of his beloved wife Sarah - born in her old age after a lifetime of barrenness. The elder son ... The Wadi Arabah to the south of the Dead Sea is covered with ancient copper slagheaps which reveal the extent of their mining and smelting operations - Khirbet Nahas, for example, means "Copper Ruin". At the same time, the Philistines on the Mediterranean coast had the monopoly of iron. The Israelites, with no metallurgical expertise, ... Tradition specifies that these survivors were actually the "cousin" tribe to the 'Ad, for they were also descended from Noah. The first known archaeological inscription that identifies the Thamud tribe was carved by ... Outsiders were refused entry to the Petra basin and it became the storing 'place for plunder. As the trade route by-passed the actual city site this was quite easy to do. Eventually, they found acting as "customs ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rosalyn-maqsood-petra-a-travelers-guide-1994ad.htm | 53% Size: 83K Depth: 4 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 30: | Shiloh Israel: Master Index of Free Bible Maps of Bible Times ... You can volunteer with Associates for Bible Research to Excavate Shiloh! May 23 - June 11, 2017 Here is your Professional Dig Staff who will make your visit to Israel amazing and memorable. Join Steve Rudd in digging up Bible stories! "What we dig in the ground we find in the Book" Site location: 30 km North of Jerusalem GPS: 32° ... Four Archeological time periods you can help dig! 1. Late bronze: 1399-1094 BC. The time of Joshua during the conquest. 2. Iron 1: 1200 BC. The time of Judges when ... at the Near East Archaeological Society meeting, I reviewed a lot of the publications of Manfred Bietak and others regarding the excavations at Tell el-Daba/Avaris. ... wrought, the best preserved, and the most exactly measured, of all the data that are known." (The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh, Field and Tuer, W. M. F. ... will hear your prayers, you will prosper from your offices and enjoy a fine old age, if you pronounce my name and if you do for me as for one who enjoys the favor of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/maps/bible-maps-master-index-tel-shiloh-israel-archeological-excavations-associates-for-bible-research-find-a-dig-tabernacle-of-moses-cubit-20.6-inches-1399-1094BC.htm | 52% Size: 80K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 31: | Ein El Qedeis: "Piltdown Kadesh" Kadesh Barnea: 1881 - 1916 AD ... In fact, Ein-Qedeis is a shallow pool of water surrounded by a desert wasteland. Ein-Qedeis could not have been a major ancient center like Kadesh-Barnea." (Did I Excavate Kadesh-Barnea? absence of ... the name Cades both in meaning and etymology, and best satisfies the scriptural data." (New Advent Catholic encyclopedia, Cades, 1917 AD) By 1916 AD, the world rejected Ein El Qedeis for Kadesh. ... Introduction document: Solomon's network of military border fortresses Click to View Qudeirat Click to View Qedeis Click to View Quseima Click to View Nahas Click to View K. Ajrud Click to View ... The site was surveyed in 1957 by Aharoni (1967: 8), and excavations were carried out in 1976 by the author (1977b: 71). The diameter of the fortress is ca. 50 m., and the gate and five out of 20 ... This passageway was found blocked by stones. (The Iron Age Fortresses in the Central Negev, Rudolph Cohen, 1979 AD) E. Negev pottery found at Ein Qedeis: More on Negev Pottery. The remains of the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-ein-qedeis.htm | 52% Size: 60K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 32: | They are digging up Bible stories! Start Page The idea that the "Iron age" follows the "Bronze age" needs to be viewed in light of the fact that men before the flood began forging both bronze and Iron at the same time, thousands of years before the ... The Bible says the earth is about 7500 years old. The scientific data supports a young earth. Keep in mind that when you read about archeological ages that date back to 12,000 - 16,000 years ago, ... concept of `Solomon's copper mines' in the Timnah Valley in the Arabah and of his identification of Ezion Geber with Tell el-Kheleifeh. Twenty years later, in the late 1990s, questions were raised concerning the core of the paradigm by J. Wightman (1990) and especially by David Jamieson-Drake (1991) whose influential book included a frontal attack from an archaeological standpoint on the ... We hope you look closely at the things we have said above and study these matters out for yourself. We invite your input, suggestions, criticisms, corrections etc. The materials on this site are ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-start-here.htm | 51% Size: 28K Depth: 4 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 33: | The Exodus Route: The Archaeology of Mt. Lawz as Mt. Sinai ... Copper mines include those at Timna and Serabit el-Khadim in the Sinai. b. The traditional exodus route to Mt. Musa, takes Israel right past the copper mines Serabit el-Khadim ... The geological history and data fully explain the presence and character of the dark rock on the heights of Jabal al-Maqla, which precludes the need to attribute it to a ... These can be seen today at Kh. Qeiyafa (Iron I age). The author has excavated many rooms on the inner-city wall at Khirbet el-Maqatir (Iron) and Shiloh (Late Bronze, Iron) that were smaller than 3 x 3 meters. The conclusion is that the four rooms at the Nabatean marble workshop at the base of ... People are already using his bogus top plan as a "archaeological proof" this was an altar of Moses in 1446 BC. H. Unfinished and discarded Nabatean marble column sections: 1. ... marble is rare and valuable, but we have no idea what the Nabateans were building or the final destination of the marble columns. It is certain they were transported off site. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-mt-sinai.htm | 51% Size: 291K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 34: | Bible Only Revelation Commentary by Steven Rudd ... Gibeah of Benjamin later became the first capital city of Israel under Saul. The site was known then as Gibeah of Saul, located about 5 km north of Jerusalem. Iron age I installations have been excavated including the corner of Saul's Palace. After Saul, the ... himself in a mikveh at least 250 times before entering the synagogue between the age of 13 and 20, but he was immersed one last time in the synagogue mikveh at Damascus in AD ... Ephraim of John 11, was the last city destroyed by Vespasian in AD 69 before he reaches Jerusalem. See Josephus Wars 4:551. (Kh. Maqatir, Cav1, 2013 AD) The author helped excavate and ... massa-cred here and buried by Thomas "the Grave Digger"." (The Persian Conquest of Jerusalem, 614 c.e.- An Archaeological Assessment, Gideon Avni, BASOR, No. 357, p35-48, 2010 AD) c. ... By the first cent. the Jewish population in Asia Minor perhaps reached in excess of one million. From these data, Ramsay rightly concludes that, "we cannot doubt that this large ... ... https://www.bible.ca/revelation/ | 49% Size: 3.0M Depth: 7 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 35: | Ancient Synagogues : Shuafat Synagogue (Khirbet er-Ras) Khirbat er-Ras is located on the northern bank of the Refa'im Valley, at the southern end of the Manabat (Malba) ridge, where Nabal Manabat runs into Nabal Refa'im (map ref. 21699/62801; Gibson 1977:30-31; Edelstein, Milevski and Aurant 1998: Plan 2.1; Kloner 2000:30*, Site 39; Gadot 2011; Fig. 1). (Khirbat Er-Ras, Jerusalem: Iron Age And Ottoman-Period Remains, Nurit Feig) 2. More detailed reports need to be published and more excavation work needs to be done at Khirbet er-Ras to clarify if there was a synagogue at this ... Unless further excavations or more detailed information can strengthen the case for the identification of this building as a synagogue, the authors believe the claim should be withdrawn." (The Ancient Synagogue from its Origins to 200 AD, Anders Runesson, p75, 2008 AD) b. "The archaeological remains of the building connected to the Theodotos inscription are too scanty for this edifice to be included in the present discussion, even if its location is almost ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Shuafat-Khirbeth-a-ras-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-1991-Alexander-Onn-benches-mikveh-31bc.htm | 47% Size: 45K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 36: | enclosed-settlements-negeb-wilderness-beer-sheba-zeev-herzog ... Introduction The regional approach to archaeological research is gradually assuming a predominant role in Israel. In the Negev this trend may be traced back to the early 1960s when Y. Aharoni began his regional research in the Arad-Beersheva Valley, a project that ... exploration of the central Negev high-lands, concentrating mainly on what they referred to as Iron Age or Israelite fortresses. While these two projects conform to the basic requirements of a regional study, i.e., a well defined geographical zone, adequate coverage of the area, and comparative analysis of the sites, they exhibit one of the major drawbacks of this approacha tendency to overemphasize the regional data at the expense of interregional synthesis. ... Meshel, aware of this incongruity, classified these fortresses into two main categorieslarge and smalland further subdivided the structures of each size according to whether they were adapted to the contours of the site or whether they gave the appearance of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-enclosed-settlements-negeb-wilderness-beer-sheba-zeev-herzog-1983ad.htm | 47% Size: 29K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 37: | (The Iron Age Fortresses in the Central Negev, Rudolph Cohen ... Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 236. (Autumn, 1979), pp. 61-79. Rudolph Cohen Department of Antiquities and Museums, Jerusalem, Israel (The Iron Age Fortresses in the Central Negev, Rudolph Cohen, 1979 AD) The Discovery of the Fortresses The remains of several fortresses (Qasr er-R ukieibeh, Bir Birein, and Tell 'Ain el-Qudeirat) were first observed in 1914 by C. L. Woolley and T. E. Lawrence during their archaeological survey of the ... But since this road is basically in the region north of the Central Negev, neither it nor its fortresses will be discussed in this article. Recent Surveys In summarizing the latest data in 1967, Aharoni predicted that more fortresses would surely be discovered in ... The author also conducted four seasons of excavations between 1976-78 at the important fortress site of Tel Kadesh-barnea (Tell 'Ain el-Qudeirat; Cohen 1976a: 201-2). Implications of the New Material The new information yielded by these recent surveys and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-iron-age-fortresses-central-negev-rudolph-cohen-1979ad.htm | 47% Size: 56K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 38: | The Fortresses King Solomon Built to Protect His Southern Border ... In 1975, Ze'ev Meshel conducted a survey in the area of Nahal Sirpad, with the help of the staff of the field school at Sde Boqer. As a result of all these archaeological surveys, more than 40 Iron Age fortresses have now been identified in the Central Negev. A new phase in our understanding of these fortresses was opened up, however, by a number of ... Of particular interest to us here are nine place-names formed with the component p.h\-q-r, which can be readily associated with the Semitic root h\-g-r ("fort"). The list includes, for example, the fortress of Great Arad, which clearly refers to the site still bearing that name. Identifying the other fortresses referred ... Mesudat Refed, Mesudat Hatira, Horvat Ritma, and Mesudat Har Boqer. b. The fortresses that fit into this fourth category are the two upper fortresses at Kadesh-Barnea and that of Horvat Uza. For more information, see "Did I Excavate Kadesh-Barnea?" BAR 07:03. c. With regard to Esdar, Kochavi has incorrectly (in my ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/fortresses-king-solomon-built-to-protect-his-southern-border-rudolph-cohen-1985ad.htm | 46% Size: 35K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 39: | Ezion-Geber, Nelson Glueck, Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh ... Among the surface finds that Frank mentions, in addition to some copper arrow heads, is "an inch high animal figure apparently cast in copper." 1. Zeitschrifi des deutschen Paldstina-Vereins, LVII (1934), 208-278; esp. p. 244. It was natural at first, however, to search for the ... Such a fortress may yet be found, and its existence would comport with the general practice of the early Iron age of building fortifications on defensible hilltops dominating strategic points. At the present time, however, the mound of Tell el-Kheleifeh is the only site known on the north shore of the Gulf of Aqabah showing the occupational history necessary for either Ezion-geber or Elath or both. If Tell el-Kheleifeh is not in all ... Scale: 47.35 miles to the inch. 13. BA, XXII (1959), 93-4; BASOR, 155 (Oct., 1959), 10-12; Smithsonian Report for 1941, p. 478; Aharoni, Israel Exploration Journal, VIII (1958), 241 and p1. 49-52; Rothenberg, God's Wilderness, pp. 124 and 137; Dot.:an. Elath, 18th Archaeological ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-nelson-gluecks-tell-el-kheleifeh-1965ad.htm | 46% Size: 37K Depth: 6 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 40: | Ein Haseva Fortress: One of Solomon's network of military border ... Introduction document: Solomon's network of military border fortresses Click to View Qudeirat Click to View Qedeis Click to View Quseima Click to View Nahas Click to View K. Ajrud Click to View Elat/Kheleifeh Click to View Haseva Click to View Loz ... not change the fact that if the site was built by Solomon, we would expect to find Negevite war. The absence, not the presence of this pottery is what would disqualify Solomon as the builder. The key here, is that the modern choice of Kadesh Barnea located at Qudeirat, is clearly wrong. For all of Solomon's border fortresses share so much in common, that none of them were in existence during the Exodus at 1446 BC. A. Date of the fortress at En Haseva: "Iron Age (tenth century BCE): Of three ... Although there is a strong possibility, based on archaeological, historical, and biblical considerations, that Jehoshaphat was the builder of the Stratum 5 fortress, there are, nevertheless, archaeological remains dating to Uzziah, and a case may ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-ein-haseva.htm | 46% Size: 13K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 41: | How Petra was Built, Shaher M. Rababeh, 2005, p223-227 Conclusions The previous chapters have dealt with the surviving evidence concerning Nabataean construction techniques. Data collected were used to provide the bases for a systematic study of the building materials and to determine the specifications of the various types of Nabataean construction techniques applied in both ... It is shown here that, contrary to Hammond's suggestion,' the use of wooden beams as stabilizing aids embedded between the courses of ashlar masonry walls in Petra can be attributed to regional tradition. This technique has been in use in the Levant since the Iron Age,9 but its use was restricted to small buildings and sometimes in more ... This pattern of use on this scale was not normal elsewhere. Other sites rarely had so many rock-cut monuments, although rock cutting was sometimes necessary at them, such as to level a site or to form a theatre. This stone was probably used in buildings.19 Therefore, the most distinguishing feature of quarrying in Petra, as ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-how-petra-was-built-shaher-m-rababeh-2005ad.htm | 46% Size: 30K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 42: | bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-judahs-last-outpost-carol ... There seemed to be hardly more than a month in winter when even Bedouin could graze their flocks among the barren rocks. Yet the Archaeological Survey of the Negev, which began as part of the intense survey of the whole of Israel that was initiated ... Notable among these evidences of early human habitation is a series of sites dating to the Iron Age. They invariably consist of some sort of fortress surrounding or adjacent to a small settlement. Yohanan Aharoni identified many of these sites in his ... Therefore, in order to investigate the matter of hand-made Negev pottery as well as to clarify the western boundary of the central Negev and the Judean hold on it, Cohen turned to the site of Kadesh Barnea, where he fielded an excavation in ... Fortress at Kadesh-Barnea," Israel Exploration Journal 15 (1965): 134-51. 7B. Rothenberg, Timna, Valley of the Biblical Copper Mines, London: Thames & Hudson, 1972, pp. 153-54, may have it as early as the 12th or I 1 th centuries; and a sherd has ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-judahs-last-outpost-carol-meyers-1976ad.htm | 45% Size: 16K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 43: | The Civilization of the Edomites, Nelson Glueck ... It may further be mentioned in this connection, that there are no archaeological traces of Horites in either the hill country of Edom or in the Wadi Arabah or in southernmost Palestine, unless under Horites are to be stood purely nomadic groups, ... The main period of the development of these kingdoms during the Iron Age extended between the 13th and 8th centuries B.C., after which a period of deterioration set in, culminating in complete destruction in the 6th century B.C. These were highly ... The main cause of the discord between them was the struggle for the control of the strategically important trade-route down the Wadi Arabah, and the possession of the rich copper- and iron-mines which abounded in it. Long before the advent of the ... There was also an ancient trade-route that led from Sela or Petra to the Wadi Arabah, then south to Ezion-geber:Elath ( or Aila as the Naba-taean-Roman-Byzantine site which took its place farther to the east, nearer modern Aqabah, became known ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-civilization-of-the-edomites-nelson-glueck-1947ad.htm | 45% Size: 19K Depth: 4 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 44: | Gilgal One of the site's most intriguing features, which the author hopes to excavate some day, is a stone pile positioned on the long axis in the southern portion. The ribbon of greenery behind the hill ... site lacks permanent living quarters, it contains considerable pottery, the earliest of which dates to the 13th and 12th centuries B.C.E. and closely resembles pottery from the altar the author excavated on Mt. Ebal. In addition, the monumental size of el 'Unuq's enclosure wall suggests a fortification. This evidence supports the identification of el 'Unuq as a fortified camp from the early Iron ... Ebal site (stratum 2) we had excavated earlier.6 It seems evident that this oval enclosure was some kind of a camp from the early Iron Age I period, that is, from the period of Israel's earliest ... The reasons for this inclination are variousfrom sociological to personal and political. After years of archaeological research, however, I believe it is impossible to explore Israel's origins ... ... https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-gilgal.htm | 45% Size: 9K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 45: | Reconstructing Petra Smithsonian: June 2007; Vol 38 Num 3 By ... During the centuries just before and after Christ, Petra was the Middle East's premier emporium, a magnet for caravans traveling the roads from Egypt, Arabia and the Levant. And scholars now know that ... Artifacts found at the site-from tiny Nabatean coins to chunks of statues-number in the hundreds of thousands. As I climb down into the trench, it feels as if I'm entering a battlefield. Amid the heat ... This is Joukowsky's last season-at age 7o, she's preparing to retire- and she has no time to waste. They've just stumbled on a bathing area built in the second and third centuries AD., and the ... Strabo, however, scorns the Nabateans as poor soldiers and as "hucksters and merchants" who are "fond of accumulating property" through the trade of gold, silver, incense, brass, iron, saffron, ... According to the latest archaeological discoveries, Petra prospered for about 1,000 years, even after a devastating earthquake. (Christopher Tuttle Inspects a Byzantine bath.) By the fourth century ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-smithsonian-june-2007-vol38-num3.htm | 44% Size: 22K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 46: | Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph ... ... Generally speaking, this renewed exploration confirmed the main conclusions of the previous seasons, but important new discoveries have added to our knowledge of the site. These recent excavations were focused on the tell's northern, southern, and eastern sides. In the south, the outer lines of the ... Quantities of pottery were found on the floors of the casemate rooms and basically confirm the 10th-century ascription. Kadesh-barnea remains a promising object of future exploration, and further data on the southern zone of ancient Israel undoubtedly lie hidden in its ruins. Bibliography Aharoni, ... Mazar, B. 1957 The Campaign of Pharaoh Shishak to Palestine. Supplement to Vetus Testamentum 4: 57-66. Mazar, B.; Dothan, T.; and Dunayevsky, E. 1966 EM Gedi: Archaeological Excavation 1961-1962. `Atiqot (English Series) 5. Meshel, Z. 1977 Horvat R itma: An Iron Age Fortress in the Negev Highlands. Tel Aviv 4: 110-35. Palmer, E. H. 1871 The Desert of the Exodus. Cambridge: Deighton, Bell and Co. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-excavations-at-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-ba-1976-1982ad.htm | 44% Size: 44K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 47: | Exodus Route: Men who misled the world away from truth ... Instead, Gordon Franz broadened the geographic definition of Arabia beyond Saudi Arabia so that Mt. Sinai could be located almost anywhere in the levant from the Nile delta, through the Sinai Peninsula, to Damascus all the way to the Euphrates. This makes Paul's geographic ... Mount Horeb). He is wrong in this assumption, but he has indeed found one of the most important places in the Exodus story, for this is the true site of Kadesh Barnea the holy gathering place where the multitude of Israel prepared to enter the Promised Iand where they ... The first two kings of the United Monarchy, Saul and David, were very much involved with fighting against the Philistines. But the Philistines did not arrive in Canaan until the reign of Ramesses III at the beginning of the Iron Age, ca. 800 B.C. by Rohl's reckoning. So, we are left with a situation where Saul and David are fighting an enemy who does not appear in the historical or archaeological record until 300 years later!" (David Rohl's ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/exodus/bible-archaeology-Exodus-Route-deception-Apion-Queen-Helena-Henry-Trumbull-Ron-Wyatt-Bob-Cornuke-Lennart-Moller-Jim-Caldwell-Ryan-Mauro-Gordon-Franz-David-Rohl.htm | 44% Size: 100K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 48: | Archeology of the Oppression, Exodus and Conquest of Israel: ... ... KHIRBET EL-MAQATIR: AI OF JOSHUA (1446 BC): Notice the Late bronze (1406 BC) wall that surrounded the city Joshua conquered, had later Iron I (1200-1000 BC) walls built into it to created houses for ... Other excellent examples can be seen at Capernaum and Chorazin. h. Abraham dies in 1991 BC, when Jacob is 17. 2. Jacob: a. Jacob is born in 2006 BC b. Jacob, age 56, is blessed by Isaac, steals Esau's ... EXPLANATION OF SINAI 115: This inscription names the Hebrews as being from the Levant (ie. foreigners) and specifically, from Bethel, which incredibly is called "the beloved". All the patriarchs ... after they moved to Avaris also known as the archeological site named Tel el Dab'a. 10. In 1806 BC Joseph dies. 11. Joseph is buried in the great tomb structure at Avaris excavated at Tel el Dab'a. ... So far as we can tell from the archaeological evidence presently at hand, there were no Egyptians living there during the reign of Thutmose." (A Survey of Old Testament Introduction, Gleason Archer, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeological-evidence-of-the-Exodus-Egyptian-Oppression-Hebrew-Conquest-Israel-Sinai-inscriptions-Jacob-in-Egypt-Joseph-Moses-inscription.htm | 44% Size: 113K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 49: | The Edomites: From Esau to Edom to Idumea to Extinction 2006BC ... ... Clearly, Seir/Edom was not just a deserted wilderness in the Late Bronze/Iron Age transitional period - there were enough people there to concern Egyptian official interests, and the lifestyle was (at least in part) pastoral and (with tents) at least semi- nomadic. The consequent scarcity of tangible physical remains in the archaeological record is, therefore, not surprising; cf. above on the tented tribal kings of the Old Babylonian period. Moab, and especially ... For example, as the westernmost limit of Edom is not indicated in the Bible except by its relation to Kadesh-barnea, that limit now passes from an unknown to a known quantity, by the fixing of a site which is described as just beyond it. So, also, the traditional ... Papyrus Anastasi VI references Edom in 1205 BC: "We have finished letting the Bedouin tribes of Edom pass the Fortress" (ANET, 259) The Before this time, foreign nations referred to Edom as "Kushu" or Kushan. "Local epigraphic data and Assyrian sources also suggest ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-edomite-territory-mt-seir.htm | 44% Size: 232K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 50: | Jezirat Faraun: Is This Solomon's Seaport? Alexander Flinder ... ... there was no evidence of large quantities of slag that would ordinarily be associated with copper production; the so-called flue holes in the furnace room walls were holes for wooden beams. ... as an archaeological diver were melding, and I soon had an overwhelming sense of identification with the marine engineers and architects who had created this fascinating complex long ago. Here was a perfectly natural anchorage between the mainland and the island; on the island a massive perimeter wall had been built that incorporated an artificially constructed harbor. We knew that the site was ... Pottery found on the island by Rothenberg in 1972 and a small quantity collected by us in 1968 has been dated to Iron Age I (1200-930 B.C.) Rothenberg's excavation of the Hathor (Khat-KHOR) Temple at Timmah,16 north of Eilat, has produced evidence of an Egyptian mining operation in the Late Bronze/Early Iron Age I (14th-12th centuries B.C.). From this Rothenberg has concluded that the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-jezirat-faraun-is-this-solomons-seaport-alexander-flinder-1989ad.htm | 43% Size: 36K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
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