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| 1: | bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-did-i-excavate ...
Did I Excavate Kadesh-Barnea? Ein el-Qudeirat Difficulty of site identification and absence of Exodus remains poses problem By Rudolph Cohen 1981 AD The problem of Kadesh-Barnea is simply stated: Has the site been correctly identified? If so, why have we found no ... Moses' brother, Aaron, died on Mount Hor because he had been unfaithful to God at the Waters of Merivah by Kadesh (Numbers 33:37, 38). There are many other Biblical references to Kadesh-Barneaboth earlier and ... the crossroads of two of the most important desert routes in antiquity: (1) the Way of Shur, leading from Edom and the Aravah down to Egypt; and (2) the way from Eilat and the Central Negev to Arad and Hebron. ... Youngest of three fortresses: 700 BC (top layer, first excavated) The uppermost, and therefore latest, fortress at Kadesh-Barnea is rectangular, about 200 feet long and 135 feet wide. The walls of this fortress consist of casemates, that is, a double wall with irregularly placed cross-walls which form rooms ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-did-i-excavate-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-bar-1981ad.htm | 97%  Size: 20K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 2: | Ein El-Qudeirat is not Kadesh Barnea: : Wrongly identified as ... Ein El-Qudeirat Fortress of Solomon 950 BC but Cannot be Kadesh Barnea "The world's unfortunate choice for Kadesh Barnea: 1916 AD - Present" Click to View "Has the site been correctly identified? If so, why have we found no remains from the Exodus period? ... Thus far our excavations have yielded nothing earlier than the tenth century B.C. - the time of King Solomon." (Rudolph Cohen) See also: Chronological History of "The search for Kadesh" ... located in Wadi el 'Ein, a well ('Ein) which has fed the largest oasis of the southern Negev as well as northern Sinai from early times until the present (Dothan 1965, 134; Woolley ... The springs of Ein el-Qudeirat are the richest and most abundant in the Sinai; they water the largest oasis in northern Sinai. (Did I Excavate Kadesh-Barnea? absence of Exodus remains ... By contrast, the tower in the middle of the fortress' eastern wall projects ca. 3.50 m. from the casemate line and is ca. 7.50 m. long. Additional rooms were built in the courtyard ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-ein-el-qudeirat.htm | 97% Size: 123K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 3: | Ein El Qedeis: "Piltdown Kadesh" Kadesh Barnea: 1881 - 1916 AD Transjordan Kadesh Barnea in the negev where Israel spent 38 years from 1445-1407 BC (barnea = wilderness). One located north of Israel in Syria: ... to fit the Biblical description of the site. Unfortunately, Trumbull's description of Ein-Qedeis was highly romanticized. In fact, Ein-Qedeis is a shallow pool of water surrounded by a desert wasteland. Ein-Qedeis could not have been a major ancient center like Kadesh-Barnea." (Did I Excavate Kadesh-Barnea? absence of Exodus remains poses problem, Rudolph Cohen) Click to View A. History of Ein Qedeis ... natural barrier of the Smooth Mountain (Mount Halak), as they stood on that wall-rampart, at the westward of Jebel Madurah, has already been cited. ... Hor. In earlier times the gulf of 'Akabah reached farther north than it does to-day, and a passage from the eastern side over to El Tih may not have ... Click to View Muweileh Click to View Qudeirat Click to View Qedeis C. The Fortress at Ein Qedeis: (One of Solomon's network of military border ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-ein-qedeis.htm | 91% Size: 60K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 4: | The Fortresses King Solomon Built to Protect His Southern Border ... Cohen, 1985 AD String of desert fortresses uncovered in Central Negev (The Fortresses King Solomon Built to Protect His Southern Border, ... remains of a few of these fortresses were found even before World War I. In their famous archaeological survey for the London-based Palestine Exploration Fund, Sir Charles Leonard Woolley and T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia") discovered Qast er-Ruheileh, Bir Birein and Tell Ein ... In 1961, Beno Rothenberg also surveyed the area of Nahal Horsha and Nahal Kadesh Barnea.3 In 1965, I began my own work in this area. In the second ... I excavated my first fortress, Atar Haro'a, between 1965 and 1967. Then, between 1969 and 1972 Ze'ev Meshel and I excavated four additional ... B.C., considerably later in the Iron Age than the other three fortress plans; these other three are not only earlier, but contemporaneous. ... The first word means "fortress" in Hebrew. Aqrav, as I shall call it here, is surrounded by a casemate wall, which is a wall formed by two ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/fortresses-king-solomon-built-to-protect-his-southern-border-rudolph-cohen-1985ad.htm | 90% Size: 35K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 5: | Historical search for Kadesh Barnea from 1000 BC - Present ... village from the 7th millennium BC, along with traces of even earlier Natufian camps from the 9th and 10th millennia BC. Recent surveys and ... Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph Cohen, 1981 AD) "The pioneering explorers of the early 19th century sought Kadesh-barnea in the Arabah. In 1836, for example, von Raumer proposed Ain Hasb (Haseva) as a candidate for the site, while Robinson, in 1838, preferred 'Ain el-Webeh (`En Yahav). (Rudolph Cohen, Kadesh Barnea: A fortress from the time of the Judaean Kingdom, The Israel Museum, Jerusalem 1983 AD p7-21) In 1806-7 Ulrich Jasper Seetzen, (AKA Musa el Hakim) a Russian Doctor, was first to explore the Negev ... But just as the separation of the mountains of the Amorites from the northern wall of the Azazimat, by the Wady Murreh, is concealed by the link which ... Ein-Qedeis could not have been a major ancient center like Kadesh-Barnea." (Did I Excavate Kadesh-Barnea? absence of Exodus remains poses problem, Rudolph Cohen, 1981 AD) The New Advent ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-historical-search.htm | 89% Size: 77K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 6: | Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph ... Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph Cohen, 1981 AD) In December of 1978 the author completed his fourth season of excavations at the desert oasis site of Tell el Qudeirat, generally identified with Kadesh-barnea of the Bible. A comprehensive review of the research hitherto conducted on the site, ... General view of Tell el-Qudeirat and the adjacent Wadi. Left: The fortress of 'Ain Qedeis. Right: A casemate room in the fortress. Kadesh-barnea in the Bible It ... In 1807, however, U. J. Seetzen entered the Negev in the course of his Levantine travels (1854: 1-68), opening this area to modern exploration. ... on the tell and charted the basic ground plan of the remains. The ruins, in their description, comprised a rectangular fortress, some 200 X 120 ft, with square protruding towers at each of the four corners and smaller towers set in the middle of each wall. ... The wheel-made pottery finds were mainly from the 8th-7th centuries B.c.E., though some seemed a century earlier. This 9th-century B.C.E. dating ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-excavations-at-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-ba-1976-1982ad.htm | 85% Size: 44K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 7: | The Rectangular Fortress at Kadesh Barnea, David Ussishkin, 1995 ... BC. We have focused primarily on the earliest and oldest fortress at Qudeirat, since it is the only part of the site that has bearing on whether Qudeirat is the Kadesh Barnea of the Bible, which we reject. Ussishkin does acknowledge the earlier "oval fortress" but hardly discusses it at all except in passing. ... Only a single rectangular fortress was erected here, surrounded by a casemate wall, which 'occupied the entire site'. A glacis laid against the wall surrounds the site on ... Notes and News: Kadesh-Barnea, IEJ 26 (1976), pp. 201-202; 28 (1978), p. 197; 30 (1980), pp. 235-236; 32 (1982), pp. 70-71, 266-267; idem, Did I Excavate Kadesh-Barnea? ... The tenth-century settlement included an oval fortress surrounded by a casemate wall, labelled the 'early fortress'. The remains of the rectangular fortress represent in ... in 586 B.C.E. The existence of three superimposed fortresses differentiates between Kadesh-Barnea and other Negev sites, in which a single fortress was constructed. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-rectangular-fortress-at-kadesh-barnea-david-ussishkin-1995ad.htm | 84% Size: 25K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 8: | Negev Pottery: "Negev ware" "Negevite ware" Crude, hand made ... ... The handmade vessels, by contrast, are specific to sites in the Negev, and the last four seasons of excavations at Kadesh-barnea have produced both new types and insights." (Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph Cohen, 1981 AD) ""Negev" pottery cannot be used for dating purposes. On the ... Among the more unusual items, which have expanded the corpus of known "Negev" types, are three oil lamps, a small chalice and the incense burner, referred to above. These more experimental forms are associated primarily with the later levels of the site." (Did I Excavate Kadesh-Barnea? absence of Exodus remains poses problem, Rudolph Cohen) The percentage mix of Negev pottery increases as you dig to lower, older levels at Qudeirat. At the oldest level, dated from 950 BC, there is a lot more Negev pottery found than at the youngest level of 586 BC. "Interestingly, the proportion of handmade to wheel-made vessels was much higher in this earlier fortress than in the upper one. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-negev-ware-negevite-ware-hand-made-pottery.htm | 84% Size: 47K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 9: | Solomon's network of military border fortresses in the Negev of Amon in Karnak. (see below) Since we know that the fortresses had a short occupation life, this fits perfectly with Solomon as the builder just 26 years earlier. ... Archeologists assign ranges from 1100 BC - 950 BC for Qudeirat, therefore Ein el Qudeirat cannot be Kadesh Barnea because the exodus happened at 1450 BC. These unusual ... Second, at Kadesh-barnea in the 8th-7th centuries B.C. a solid-walled fortress was erected over its predecessor's remains." (The Iron Age Fortresses in the Central Negev, Rudolph Cohen, 1979 AD) One of the big discussions is the what the Fortresses were used for. Some Bible trashing archeologists believe the fortresses ... Solomon greatly expanded his rule so he is the obvious candidate for these fortresses. B. Locations of the 50 fortresses: "The site, [Ahoroni Fortress] named for the ... Most convincing is the way the building was built to conform to the topography: the outer wall encircles the entire summit, and it was built at the very edge of the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-davids-negev-border-fortress-network.htm | 83% Size: 75K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 10: | (The Iron Age Fortresses in the Central Negev, Rudolph Cohen ... 1-17), located numerous similar fortress remains, the majority of which were also Iron Age in origin. It rapidly became evident that a veritable fortress network had once existed in the Central Negev. These fortresses consisted of a casemate wall around an inner courtyard but apart from this there was substantial ... projecting towers, including those of Kadesh-barnea, Uza, and Tel Arad; (2) rectangular fortresses without towers, including those of Nahal Raviv, Qasr er-Ruheibeh, Be'er Har Boger, Mishor Ha-Ruah, and the fortress north of Kadesh-barnea; (3) irregular ... The author also conducted four seasons of excavations between 1976-78 at the important fortress site of Tel Kadesh-barnea (Tell 'Ain ... His findings indicate that the upper fortress was built during the reign of Josiah on the remains of two earlier fortresses, built likewise ... I977a Notes and News: H. Mesora. Israel Exploration Journal 27: 170-71. 1977b Notes and News: `Ein Qedeis. Israel Exploration Journal 27: ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-iron-age-fortresses-central-negev-rudolph-cohen-1979ad.htm | 82% Size: 56K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 11: | The Ahoroni Fortress at Quseima: One of Solomon's network of ... a proof that this is where Kadesh Barnea was located. The Ahoroni Fortress near Quseima, Egypt is one of over 50 outposts built by king Solomon to protect the border between Israel and Egypt, which lie about 19 km west of Quseima and about 26 km west of Ein Qudierat and Ein Kades. (Ein Kades is located about 6 km south west of Qudeirat). "The site, [Ahoroni Fortress] named for the late Y. Aharoni, be-longs to the category of "Israelite fortresses," of which some 50 have been discovered in the Negev Highlands. ... ... "The sites have produced no Midianite ware or other types that might imply a much earlier date. The exact date of construction could be anywhere between the ... At the oasis and in the neighbouring region there are scattered remains of many temporary and permanent settlements, dating from the Palaeolithic, the Middle ... Most convincing is the way the building was built to conform to the topography: the outer wall encircles the entire summit, and it was built at the very edge of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-quseima-ahoroni.htm | 82% Size: 17K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 12: | bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-judahs-last-outpost-carol ... Notable among these evidences of early human habitation is a series of sites dating to the Iron Age. They invariably consist of some sort of fortress surrounding ... In addition, the remains of two disparate kinds of pottery have been found at these sites within the ashen layer which marked the termination of the settlements:4 ... the western boundary of the central Negev and the Judean hold on it, Cohen turned to the site of Kadesh Barnea, where he fielded an excavation in January, 1976, on behalf of the Department of Antiquities and Museums of Israel. Kadesh Barnea, known also as Tell e Qudeirat after the spring Ein el Qudeirat, is located at the largest ... pre-fortress pottery really belonged to the 10th century. If so, were there structures to go with it? If not, could it perhaps be earlier than the 10th century? ... This area of excavation would include part of the casemate wall of the fortress, the central tower of the eastern end, part of the courtyard area, and perhaps the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-judahs-last-outpost-carol-meyers-1976ad.htm | 82% Size: 16K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 13: | Solomon's Fortress at Elat, Aqaba: Tell el-Kheleifeh and Jezirat ... Elat and Ezion-geber: Twin cities Click to View Click to View Tell el-kheleifeh Fortress at Elat: (near ... Sinai to Kadesh Barnea (Deut 1:2), by way of Mt. Seir. Mt. Sinai located at Jebel Al-Lawz in modern Saudi Arabia and Kadesh Barnea located at or near Petra fits perfectly, given they would pass right by Mt. Seir, ... 1965 AD) Nelson Gluecks was the first to excavate tell-el-kheleifeh between 1938-1940 AD. But in 1965 AD, he re-evaluated some of his conclusions and rejected the site as Ezion-geber: "We find ourselves compelled in ... We know this, because the Edomites never lived in the Negev until after the Babylonian captivity of 586 AD. ... geographers and archaeologists who dated the remains on the island as Byzantine, medieval Arabic or ... the perimeter wall, as well as the harbor and jetties, must be conjectural. Some scholars have expressed the view that these structures are all Byzantine, but it is not implausible that they belong to earlier periods of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-ezion-geber-elat-aqaba.htm | 81% Size: 65K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 14: | Timna ... not yet working there, while the Amalekites from the Negev were already present. Perhaps this fact explains the differences between Sites 30 and 34, located opposite the temple in Nahal Nehushtan and defended by a strong wall, and the other sites of Timna which had no defensive wall. ... There was no evidence of settled occupation to be found. This proved true even at the site generally identified with Kadesh-Barnea ('Ein Qudeirat). It was not occupied until the tenth century B.C.E at the earliest, and its fortress was constructed only in the ninth century." ... At Qurayyah a whole sequence of decorated ware was found; some of it seems earlier than the Timna ware, other pieces seem later, but there can ... and Timna-Eilat area." (Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph Cohen, 1981 AD) Stylistically defined `Negbite' ... Harvard scholar Frank Moore Cross believes that the paucity of evidence in Sinai-and the considerable remains in Qurayyah, Al-Bad' and other ... ... https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-timna.htm | 81% Size: 64K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 15: | The "Aharoni Fortress" Near Quseima and the "Israelite Fortresses ... ... Among the more prominent points visible from the summit are the tip of the Qadesh Barnea oasis and the little oasis of Quseima, as well as ... similarity to the fortresses of the Negev Highlands, and its position at the westernmost of all such fortresses (Meshel 1976: 45-46). ... To obtain more detailed information, particularly because the site was in danger of damage, we carried out exploratory excavations there ... Fig. 3. An aerial view of the fortress. Looking north. single wall. Attached were several casemate rooms, some with inner courtyards, and a uniquely shaped gate in an ... Fig. 12. Locus 9. Looking west. 105), which is, however, some 150 to 200 years later than the present site.5 Wooden remains found at Locus ... If the summit was oval-shaped, so was the enclosure, as in the `Ein Qadis fortress and elsewhere. If the level ground of the summit was ... But if they belong to different stages, why did the builders of the later fortress not erect it on or inside the earlier one, or at least ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-aharoni-fortress-near-quseima-israelite-fortresses-in-negev-zeev-meshel-1994ad.htm | 80% Size: 92K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 16: | The Edomites: From Esau to Edom to Idumea to Extinction 2006BC ... ... The consequent scarcity of tangible physical remains in the archaeological record is, therefore, not surprising; cf. above on the tented tribal kings ... Some map makers place Edom in the Negev near Ein Qudeirat but fail to note that this first happened 800 years after Israel was in Kadesh Barnea at Petra. The most critical issue is to firmly establish that Edom was Transjordan at the time of the Exodus. ... know Edom did not move into the Negev any earlier than 800 BC. Note that the blue text on the map was added by us and it not on the original map. ... relation to Kadesh-barnea, that limit now passes from an unknown to a known quantity, by the fixing of a site which is described as just beyond it. ... BC "In a series of Hebrew letters recovered from the excavation of the fortress at Arad by the late Yohanan Aharoni, the Edomites are also mentioned. ... There is no doubt about the physical readings of Moab, Dibon or Butartu; prolonged study and recollations were devoted to the wall specifically to ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-edomite-territory-mt-seir.htm | 80% Size: 232K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 17: | Petra, Jordan: Biblical Kadesh Barnea, Sela, Joktheel, En-mishpat ... ... Since they spent 38 years at Kadesh, the tombs were where the dead Israelites were kept. c. The Nabateans found the site continued in ... (which they call the Wilderness of Zin) and then to complete their comedy of errors, on to ein el-Qudeirat as their choice for Kadesh. ... Then, as you keep driving due south, you pass Kadesh Barnea (at Petra) on your left. THIS IS THE ONLY WAY KADESH REMAINS OUTSIDE THE BOUNDARY OF THE PROMISED LAND as the Bible says. After you ... may have been given to it by the Edomites or later settlers, after the recollections of its earlier sanctity had passed away. ... Solomon's fortress at Elat -Tell el-kheleifeh was built on a hill 500 meters from the shore of the Red Sea less than 12 feet above ... The crevice at Petra is not unique to the Arabah valley area or the Negev, but it is the only one is called "Rock". Perhaps Petra was ... It rarely rains in Petra, but occasionally rain up to thirty miles away can send a wall of water hurtling through the Siq gorge. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra.htm | 80% Size: 129K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 18: | Kadesh-Barnea by Henry Clay Trumbull, 1884 AD ... 405. (16.) UNLOOKED-FOR PURSUIT, 423. (16.) THE GREAT WALL FLANKED, 425. (17.) POINTS NOW MADE clear, 429. g ... to re-discover a long-lost site which had borne an important part in the discussions over Kadesh-barnea. ... On their arrival at the desert of Paran they sent out spies to Palestine (from Kadesh-barnea; Num. 32: 8; Deut. 1: 19 /.; Josh. 14: 7), at the time of the first grapes (Xum. 13: 21) that is, August (or earlier). . . . Forty days afterwards the spies returned to the camp at Kadesh (Xum. 13: 27). The ... Aleppo, Ilarnath, and Emesa (where, perhaps, already the sons of Kheth were entrenched in their lake fortress). ... suggested by Wilton (The Negeb, p. 175 ff.); and the remains of a Roman road in that direction were discovered by ... (VOJQ 5); and the Hebrew (OPT) ; I should take the radical meaning to be strike, thrust, whence dot, excavate. ... immediately to ascend a mountain. 4 If Kadesh was at Ein El-Weibeh or in the vicinity, all this is a natural and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-henry-clay-trumbull-1884ad.htm | 79% Size: 1.1M Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 19: | Midianite Pottery: The designer import of the ancient world. ... At Qurayyah a whole sequence of decorated ware was found; some of it seems earlier than the Timna ware, other pieces seem later, but ... opposite the temple in Nahal Nehushtan and defended by a strong wall, and the other sites of Timna which had no defensive wall. ... sites of Timna and also in the excavation of Site 2 where it appears from the very beginning and in all levels of the smelting camp. ... at times connected with the Amalekite Negev settlements and such a connection is also strongly suggested by the Negev ware at Timna. ... C. Midianite pottery found at Qudeirat. Qudeirat is where most people wrongly believe Kadesh Barnea is located. It is virtually on every Bible map produced for the last 75 years. They have found Midianite pottery at Qudeirat: The upper fortress, as mentioned above, was extremely rich in ceramic remains. ... There were also two ... cooking-pot sherds. (Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph Cohen, 1981 AD) D. Midianite pottery found ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-midianite-pottery.htm | 79% Size: 29K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 20: | The Bible and Radiocarbon Dating: Archaeology, Text and Science ... ... Secondly, the eastern Stratum A2b closing wall was fully exposed during the excavations around this part of the gate revealing the ... However, the excavations in Area M highlight the need carefully to excavate this (or another) slag mound to virgin soil so as to ... Table 21.1. Iron Age radiocarbon dates from north-eastern Sinai and the Central Negev. Tell el-Qudeirat Fortresses Woolley and Lawrence (1914-15) suggested associating the relatively well-watered area of Tell el-Qu deirat in north-eastern Sinai with Biblical Kadesh Barnea, the main ... This geomorphic surface provided a logical choice and firm foundation for the site-location of the successive fortresses in the ... Cohen (1981a, 1983, 1993a) discovered the more complex situation that the Upper Fortress was built on the remains of the Middle ... which would favour, in fact, the destruction of the Upper Fortress at Tell el-Qudeirat in north-eastern Sinai during the earlier military campaign of the Babylonians, as they marched to ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-bible-and-radiocarbon-dating-archaeology-text-and-science-thomas-e-levy-thomas-higham-2005ad.htm | 78% Size: 126K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 21: | The Exodus Route: A scriptural proof, with the witness of history ... ... Lake Sirbonis, Lake Ballah, Nuweiba Beach, Gulf of Suez, Mt. Musa, Ein el-Qudeirat, Mt. Karkom, Gebel Khashm et-Tarif (Hashem el-Tarif), Mt. ... Josephus and Eusebius led me to target the general Petra area for the location of Kadesh Barnea. When conflicts arose between the Scriptures, ... his 10th regnal year in 1547 BC at age 20. Inscriptions on the wall of a cliff-tomb at El Kab, located 100 km south of Luxor, of a naval ... Khamudi, the defeated Hyksos king then fled from Avaris to the biblical city of Sharuhen (Joshua 19:6) in the Simeon Negev where the ... Ch 8, 1992 AD) We conclude that the Hyksos ruled Egypt for no earlier than 1657 BC and no later than 1538 BC for a maximum total possible ... Etham may be derived from Egyptian word for wall/fortification. Hb. šûr = "wall" and Egyptian htm = "wall, fortress". "Etham is simply ... Chariots were built 100% of wood and floated hundreds of kilometers from the Red Sea crossing site. KEY#4 The Ignored second Red Sea camp The ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route.htm | 77% Size: 477K Depth: 1 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 22: | Pots and Polities: Material Remains of Late Iron Age Judah in ... ... structurally by defenses, e.g., Hadrian's wall in Britain or the Great Wall in China; for a Sassanian border wall see Trinkaus 1984: 43). ... Data about later or earlier HRF are not available. The fact that many HRF appear in Judah already in the eighth century B.C. calls for ... The definition of material remains as Judaean is not only possible, but is demanded by the facts. Dur-ing the Iron Age II Judah had clear ... There are marked differ-ences between these two sites: Mesad Hashavyahu is a single-period, short-lived site, while Qadesh Barnea existed ... Rabat Ammon 5 1 6 Tell Deir Alla 1? 1 2 Tell el-Mazar 2 2 Other Sites Kadesh Barnea 1 1 2 TOTAL 50 66 9(+1?) 9(+6?) 10(+6?) 6(+1?) 120 284 * ... Per-haps a similar phenomenon emerges in the Negev, where a mixture of Edomite and Judaean elements appears, especially at Malhata ... Bulletin of the American Schools of Ori-ental Research 298: 37-58. Dietrich, M., and Klopfenstein, M. A., eds. 1994 Ein Gott allein? ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-pots-and-polities-material-remains-of-late-iron-age-judah-in-relation-to-its-political-borders-raz-kletter-1999ad.htm | 76% Size: 140K Depth: 6 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 23: | Zedekiah, Matteniah King of Judah 597-587 BC The Chronological ... Since the Bible refers to hundreds of cities, kings, and places, we would expect to find evidence from on-site excavations. ... die by the plague, and he who is near will fall by the sword, and he who remains and is besieged will die by the famine. ... h. ""Then I will make you to this people A fortified wall of bronze; And though they fight against you, They will not ... Had Jeconiah not surrendered he would likely have died much earlier. 1. Four Sign Acts in 597 BC: See outline on 32 Sign ... beside Kadesh Barnea at Nabatean Petra from the gulf of Aqaba north to the Wadi Zered at the south end of the Salt Sea. After continuously occupying their historic Transjordan lands for 1321 years, they began to move west into the Judean Negev, for the ... Zedekiah issues orders to Malchijah, the troop commander at the Arad fortress, to send troops from Arad and the nearby Kinah ... Just as ropes were used to excavate this cistern pail by pail, so too Jeremiah was lowered down and raised up by ropes. e. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-Zedekiah-Matteniah-last-king-of-judah-seal-bulla-cave-597-587bc | 76% Size: 1.0M Depth: 3 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 24: | Archaeology and the Religions of Canaan and Israel, Beth Alpert ... ... Temple 2048 was built on a platform that covered the earlier sacred structures of Megiddo Area BB and elevated the sanctuary to a height of 1 m above ... The many burned animal bones associated with the pavement led the excavator to suggest that the High Place had been the site of outdoor covenant ... All that remains of the building is a courtyard floor cut by a favissa filled with broken pottery of "cultic character." At one point late in the MB ... Tel Haror, a large MB IIC walled city on the north bank of Wadi Gerar in the Negev Desert, contains a well-preserved fortress temple and cultic complex. A mudbrick wall enclosed buildings, a courtyard and various installations. One room, ... Kuntillet ªAjrud was a mid-ninth to mid-eighth century B.C.E. caravanserai located about 50 km south of Kadesh Barnea. The site's location at the juncture ... 114, 119, 121¡23, 126, 132, 135, 137¡40, 146, 149¡53, 155, 157¡58 Ein Gedi, 83 El, 39, 158, 170 Elat, 147¡48, 150, 158 Elijah, 57, 60, 63, 68, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-archaeology-and-the-religions-of-Canaan-and-israel-beth-alpert-nakhai.htm | 75% Size: 576K Depth: 6 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 25: | bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-kadesh-barnea ... Kadesh Barnea (Ain el-Qudeirat) A fortress from the time of the Judaean Kingdom Rudolph Cohen The Israel Museum, Jerusalem 1983 AD The Site Biblical Tradition Kadesh-barnea's importance in the history of the Jewish people derives primarily from its biblical association with Israel's sojourn in the desert. As a consequence, numerous scholars of past generations have attempted to equate biblical Kadesh-barnea with sites in Sinai, the Negev, or even more distant ... Today, most scholars accept the identification of Kadesh-barnea with Tel el-Qudeirat, especially since Woolley and Lawrence discovered at the site the remains of a rectangular ... The fortress was entirely surrounded by an earthen glagis that rested against a buttress wall, built to the height of ca. 2.50 m. This buttress wall was completely exposed along ... The majority of the finds from this period, however, come from pits dug into levels of the earlier settlements. These include storage-jars, juglets, bowls, and imported Greek ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-kadesh-barnea-fortress-judaean-israel-museum-1983ad.htm | 75% Size: 28K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 26: | The Fortress at Kadesh-Barnea, Moshe Dothan, Ein el-Qudeirat ... The Fortress at Kadesh-Barnea Moshe Dothan Ein el-Qudeirat 1965 AD (The Fortress at Kadesh-Barnea, M Dothan, Israel Exploration Journal, 1965, p134-51) The Fortress at Kadesh-Barnea M. DOTHAN ... At the oasis and in the neighbouring region there are scattered remains of many temporary and permanent settlements, dating from the Palaeolithic, the Middle ... The vicinity of the tell is intensively cultivated, and gardens and orchards surround it on all sides. A comparison of the site today with the description in the ... was examined; several walls and floors were dis-covered within the casemate wall and the fortress; and a part of the glacis on the northern side was laid bare. ... Period I. On virgin soil, no earlier remains than those of the fortress were found, but in several places, below the level of the base of the main fortress wall, ... Y. Aharoni during a survey at `Ein Qudeis, and especially at Ramat Matred in the central Negev4. At all these sites, pottery of this type dates from the 10th ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-fortress-at-kadesh-barnea-dothan-1965ad.htm | 73% Size: 22K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 27: | The Iron Age Fortresses at En Haseva, Rudolph Cohen, 1995 AD The wall system connects three towers in the northwest, southwest, and southeast corners. The western wall of the Roman era fortress, Stratum 2, is prominent near the center of the photo, to ... The termination of fieldwork at the site at the end of this past summer (July 1995) offers the chance to display the reconstructed vessels from what was probably an Edomite shrine and to supply further details concerning (En Haseva's Iron Age history. In particular, the remains of an additional fortress (Stratum 6), earlier in date than the two previously uncovered (Strata 4, 5), now complete the stratigraphical ... exposed in the Edomite stratum at Tell el-Kheleifeh (Glueck 1967:37, 38, figs. 2:6a-6c, 5:2; Pratico 1985:25, fig. 15:9) and at Buseirah (Bennett 1974:Fig. 16:4) and Kadesh-Barnea (Cohen 1983b:xx). ... It appears to be a fortress, similar in plan to those found at several Iron Age sites in the central Negev (Cohen 1995). Diggers retrieved a complete handmade Negbite cooking-pot, made of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-iron-age-fortresses-negev-ein-haseva-rudolph-cohen-1995ad.htm | 73% Size: 55K Depth: 6 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 28: | The Fortresses at En Haseva Rudolph Cohen 1994 He saw an additional multi-roomed struc-ture adjacent to the fortress in the south, as well as the remains of a bathhouse in the east. Musil identified the fortress with the caravanserai (an inn serving caravans) which Hasta mentioned in the Notitia Dignitatum (Seeck 1876:73). In 1930, the fortand its original ground planwere damaged. F. Frank (1934:254) visited the site in ... the upper left portion of this north-oriented view. The two eastern towers of the latest Iron Age fort stand at the right. Part of the wall of the earlier Iron Age fortress is visible at the photo's right-hand margin. ... He, like Alt, identified the site with Eiseba, in-cluded in a list of Negev towns and the yearly taxes levied on each by the Byzantine authorities. In 1950, during a study trip, B. Mazar found .../89a); and the fortress with projecting towers, like the middle and upper fortresses at Tel Kadesh-Barnea (Cohen 1981; 1983a) and the fot tiess at Horvat Uzza (Beit-Arieh 1986), which is rectangular. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortress-at-ein-haseva-rudolph-cohen-1994ad.htm | 72% Size: 23K Depth: 7 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 29: | enclosed-settlements-negeb-wilderness-beer-sheba-zeev-herzog ... ... This typology, which ignores the factor of size, lumps radically different types of structures into a single category. For example, the fortress ... they were adapted to the contours of the site or whether they gave the appearance of having been preplanned according to a standard model (Meshel 1979: 17). The pottery from these structures consists of two types: handmade Negev ware (sometimes called "Negebite ware") ... at Timna (Rothenberg 1972: 180-82) to the end of the Iron Age at Kadesh-barnea (Cohen 1980: 77)the presence of this ware cannot, of course, ... from the Early Iron Age strata at Tel Beersheba (Herzog, forthcoming), material that was not available to the authors of the earlier studies. ... There is an increase in the number of hand-burnished vessels, which dates this stratum to the second half of the 11th century B.C. These remains ... Here it is clear that the remains do not belong to an independent casemate wall. Instead, what we have is a series of dwellings, arranged as a ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-enclosed-settlements-negeb-wilderness-beer-sheba-zeev-herzog-1983ad.htm | 72% Size: 29K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 30: | The southern border of Judah and Kadesh Barnea at Petra ... Next you pass the Wilderness of Zin on your left, but you never actually enter the Wilderness of Zin. Then, as you keep driving due south, you pass Kadesh Barnea on your left. THIS IS THE ONLY WAY KADESH REMAINS OUTSIDE THE BOUNDARY OF THE ... Where Israel spent 38 years in the wilderness. Eusebius says Kadesh Barnea was located at Petra. Hezron Hezron = literal Hebrew: "surrounded by a wall". (Enhanced Strong's Lexicon) Addar Addar = literal Hebrew: "exceeding glorious". ... Qudeirat was the "border town" between Egypt and Israel after 900 BC. 4. Archaeological reports about the excavations at Ein el-Quderat misidentified as Kadesh Barnea: a. "The earliest fortress on the site was erected seemingly on virgin soil in the 10th-9th centuries B.C.E. Its ground plan, as explained previously, has not been determined, but it evidently belonged to a wide-ranging fortress network then existing in the Central Negev. These fortresses begin near present-day Dimona, continue south past Yeroham and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-southern-border-judah-territory.htm | 71% Size: 114K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 31: | 597 BC: Arad Ostraca #40: Zedekiah and the Edomite invasion into ... ... Tel Malhata is identified with Malatha, an Idumean fortress in the late Second Temple period and later a fort garri-soned. Al-though the names Moladah and ... For the excavations of Tel Malhata, see Kochavi 1993, with earlier literature; Eldar and Baumgarten 1993; Beit-Arieh 1998." (Ostracon 40 from Arad ... Arad ostraca 40 and 24 illustrate the serious Edomite threat in the Judean Negev to Zedekiah in 597 BC, when local fort command-ers disobeyed, under ... Nadav na'aman, 2003 AD) This is important because it proves Kadesh Barnea CANNOT be located at Ein Qudeirat in the Sinai, but rather at Petra. Kadesh Barnea is located ON THE BORDER with Edom and because Edom was never ... Some speculate that the Nabateans are the remnant of Edom. The origin of the Nabateans remains a mystery but it is certainly not Edom. God said that Edom ... However, no eighth century letter written on a potsherd has been discovered in any site in Palestine, including Arad, after more than a century of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-ostracon-Arad40-letters-edomite-threat-send-troops-Gemariah-Nehemiah-Malchijah-Eshijah-Ramah-Negev-Tel-Ira-Kinah-Horvat-Uza-YHWH-597bc.htm | 71% Size: 134K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 32: | Nelson Glueck's 1938-1940 Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh: A ... ... however, does not appear to date earlier than the 8th century B.C. (below). In light of current data, the suggested parallel between the Tell el-Kheleifeh casemate phase and the plan of the Negev fortresses must remain a conclusion of comparative architecture and not of chronology. ... There remains, however, the clear possibility, based on typological and palaeograph-ical considerations, that the chronology of Stratum X and following (XII and XI ... Tell el-Qudeirat (Kadesh-barnea) and Horvat `Uza. Two other fortified settlements offer instruc-tive parallels for the study of Tell el-Kheleifeh's offsets/ insets phase: ... The pottery of Tell el-Qudeirat offers closer parallels to that of Tell el-Kheleifeh than any other site repertoire as a whole, although the fabrics are notably ... This is true even for the excavated western perimeter of the casemate fortress situated outside of the later offsets/ insets wall. Probes in the unexcavated northern perimeter of the casemate enclosure could yield a ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-nelson-gluecks-1938-1940-excavations-tell-el-kheleifeh-reappraisal-gary-pratico-1985ad.htm | 70% Size: 69K Depth: 6 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 33: | Nuweiba Beach Red Sea crossing: Rejected, debunked, refuted Sin Bishar (Gordon Franz) Debunked Kadesh Barnea candidates: REJECTED: Ein el-Qudeirat (Woolley and Lawrence since 1916 AD) REJECTED: Central ... Edom did not live in the Negev at the time of the Exodus. 39. The Negev of Judah was bounded by the Salt Sea, the Gulf of Aqaba and the ... Sinai earlier than day 64 because his route is 888 km long. 3. God was in total control of the travel itinerary of the exodus route: a. God ... In 1407 BC, the "way to the Red Sea" was the road in the Arabah valley from Kadesh Barnea at Petra towards Ezion Geber (Elat): Numbers 21:4; Deut ... Ballah lake and Timsah lake cannot be the Red Sea crossing site because they are inside the land Goshen. These two freshwater lakes would be ... The object they saw remains on the sea floor. Lembcke confirms the currents were strong at the dive site. "Well we popped to the surface and ... Tharu was a Late Bronze age Egyptian fortress located on the border of Egypt as a last stop before entering Canaan at Raphia and Gaza. (The ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-ruling-out-candiates-excluding-red-sea-crossing-points-kadesh-barnea.htm | 70% Size: 611K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 34: | Rehoboam, Shishak I (945-924 BC ) Canaan battle relief topographical ... ... became somewhat more elaborate than the north entrance by the necessary addition of a pilaster against each of the earlier structures. ... and obviously- were done without reference to the rest of the wall and colonnade." (Reliefs and Inscriptions at Karnak: The Bubasite ... The second part of the inscription, containing over 10 names, is apparently devoted to the Negev. Only a few of the names can be ... The list includes, for example, the fortress of Great Arad, which clearly refers to the site still bearing that name. Identifying the other fortresses referred to by Shishak is more ... a long-handled spoon in her right hand, and a stick about the same length (the very top of which no longer remains) in her left hand. ... Ajrud and Borot Loz ponds. "And above all, south of Qadesh Barnea along important Darb Ghazza, the main route to the Gulf of ... XI:4 ngrn? "well of the threshing floor" Ain Goren. (not likely Ekron) Possibly "Ain", Ain, Qudeirat, misidentified as Kadesh Barnea ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-sheshonq-I-shoshenq-shishak-shishaq-bubastite-karnak-conquest-campaign-canaan-battle-relief-topographical-list-187-cities-conquered-name-rings-926bc.htm | 69% Size: 211K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 35: | bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-johann-heinrich-kurtz-history ... 12:16, footnote) When you read Kurtz's actual evidence that Kadesh Barnea could not be transjordan, this is what Kurtz said: ""This mountain ... In fact Beersheeba is 40 miles NW of where he is standing. Then he notes the Bedouin says Ein el Qedeis is only 2 hours away, when it is in ... The real reason Keil and Delitzsch and Kurtz believe Kadesh cannot be transjordan is because the Bedouin guide told them that Ein el Qedeis ... But just as the separation of the mountains of the Amorites from the northern wall of the Azazimat, by the Wady Murreh, is concealed by the ... (namely, the northern boundary of the desert of Paran), but " the earlier of whom passed over a series of halting-places, whilst the later ... from the Arabah, but is intersected by several defiles, which furnish approaches of more or less difficulty into our mountain fortress. ... the S.S.E. he came upon the site of GEOGRAPHICAL STJEYEY. 227 the anc ient Gerar^ in the present Jurf (Torrent) el Jerâr (vol. i. § 63, 1). ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-johann-heinrich-kurtz-history-of-the-old-covenant-1872ad.htm | 68% Size: 108K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 36: | bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rami-g-khouri-petra ... ... Excavations have shown the presence of an Edomite settlement on the summit of Umm al-Biyara, with possible Hellenistic occupation and substantial Nabataean remains. ... An inscription from Oboda in the Negev refers to Rabel II as 'King of the Nabataeans, who brought life and deliverance to his people'. THE ROMAN ERA Rabbel II's death ... A smaller detachment of troops may also have been stationed at the Roman legionary fortress at Udruh, 15 kilometres east of Petra. Despite the increased use of the ... The Emperor Hadrian visited Petra in 130, during his tour of the eastern provinces, and the city was known thereafter as Petra Hadriane. Excavations, wall lines and ... Rome's ally and protector of its frontier interests in the east, much the same role as the Nabataeans had played for Rome several hundred years earlier in the south. ... After the abdication of Diocletian, the Emperor Constantine assumed power in 312, and soon established the new capital of the Eastern Roman Empire at the site of the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rami-g-khouri-petra-a-guide-to-the-capital-of-the-nabataeans-1986ad.htm | 67% Size: 48K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 37: | Nimrod and the Archaeology of the Tower of Babel by Steven Rudd ... ... Founded c. 3250 BC and invaded by Nimrod in 3000 BC. Located near source of Euphrates River. 11. El-Beidha: En Mishpat (Gen 14:7), Kadesh Barnea, later ... Ubaid assemblages were replaced by Uruk assemblages at the Uruk 3 expansion when the city was burned, and a wall was built. Located 100 km NW of ... For example, a stone floor seals the pottery and objects that lay below from intrusion materials and can be dated earlier than the floor itself. 8. Stratigraphy: The vertical sequence of stratum and loci from a single archeological site. 9. Stratum Levels: One or ... Babylonian captivity first attack on Jerusalem: 605 Edomites enter Judean Negev: 605 Fall of Jerusalem in 587 Persian: 539 BC 539-333 Persian ... With respect to the vessel, which yet remains in Armenia, it is a custom of the inhabitants to form bracelets and amulets of its wood." (Abydenus: ... (Tel Abu Shahrain) is remote, desolate and abandoned and would be quite easy to excavate with modern excavation equipment and a professional team! ... ... https://www.bible.ca/nimrod/welcome.htm | 67% Size: 1.4M Depth: 3 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 38: | Ein El Weibeh: K. Von Raumer's choice for Kadesh Barnea in 1831 ... Click to View 1821-1881 AD: The western Arabah Valley Ein El Weibeh and Ein Hasb Introduction: "The Identification of the Site Kadesh-barnea's actual site for a long time was subject to scholarly dispute. ... At first the search for Kadesh-barnea focused on the Arabah, the deep, desolate geological fissure extending from the south end of the Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba." (Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph Cohen, 1981 AD) In 1806-7 Ulrich Jasper Seetzen, (AKA Musa el Hakim) a Russian Doctor, was first to explore the Negev in recent times ... Today we know that the Nabateans arrived in Petra about 350 BC they found a vacant city of Hebrew tombs from the Exodus 1200 years earlier. Remember 2.5 million Jews died here. The Nabateans greatly enhanced ... But just as the separation of the mountains of the Amorites from the northern wall of the Azazimat, by the Wady Murreh, is concealed by the link which connects the two together to the east of Eboda; so do ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-weibeh.htm | 67% Size: 35K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 39: | Elijah and Elisha Chronology timeline 870-810 BC Marble Tablets 838 BC i. Alabaster Statue 838 BC 7. Kuntillet Ajrud ostraca "Fortress in the Negev": 839 BC 8. Silver Scroll from Ketef Hinnom: 725-650 BC 9. Elisha of Ostraca ... Paraphrase of Tablet: "From Abdi-Heba, mayor of Jerusalem to king Pharaoh: The Habiru have taken all the cities. Not a single mayor remains. Turbazu & Yaptih-Hadda ... And the man of God answered, "The Lord has much more to give you than this."" (2 Chronicles 25:5-9) 15. 793 BC: After winning Battle of Kadesh Barnea: "Now after Amaziah ... TYPE: Miracle of blindness and sight. Elisha strikes Aram army with blindness: 2 Ki 6:12-14. Jesus restores the site of blind man: Jn 9. TYPE: Sinful captives ... in 853 BC. Jehoshaphat had just defeated Moab in 852 BC in the Battle of Engedi when Moab and Ammon attacked Judah in the Battle of Engedi three years earlier. ... "painted eyes looking through the window" (2 Ki 9:30) is a common pagan motif found on Ivory carvings in Samaria and Egyptian stone stele and wall paintings, etc. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/chronology/bible-chronology-timeline-Elijah-Elisha-John-the-Baptist-Jesus-types-antitypes-870-810BC.htm | 67% Size: 836K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 40: | bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rolalyn-maqsood-petra ... ... in the large protected basin-like valley encircled by the mountains, with the massive rock now called Umm al-Biyara (Mother of Cisterns) as its natural fortress. ... The other early "men of Seir" were the menhir-building cave-dwelling Horites mentioned earlier, descendants of their founding-father Seir the Horite. Their capital ... of the Nabataean state, it gradually extended its territory west into the Negev, east to the Euphrates and south along the Red Sea, a domain that stretched from ... Outsiders were refused entry to the Petra basin and it became the storing 'place for plunder. As the trade route by-passed the actual city site this was quite easy to ... Wealthy people in Petra mummified their dead, laying their pickled and dried-out remains to rest in stone coffins in the cave tombs. The mummification process ... The spring has been enclosed now in a small building with three white domes (it looks like a mosque) and bubbles out from under a stone wall along a pebbly channel. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rosalyn-maqsood-petra-a-travelers-guide-1994ad.htm | 66% Size: 83K Depth: 4 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 41: | Ein Haseva Fortress: One of Solomon's network of military border ... Introduction: The fortress of Ein Haseva was one of many built by Solomon during his reign. Six different occupational levels have been discovered at this site ranging from 10th century BC to 7th century AD. There is no evidence that this site existed during the time of the Conquest in 1406 BC. Ein Haseva was on a strategic crossroads and was an important center needed to control the trade as well as establish and enforce an eastern boundary for the promised land. The popular candidate location for the Ascent of Akrabbim, is located just north of the main route that travels from the Negev through Ein Haseva, to the heartland of the promised land. It matters not that we reject this as the location for the Ascent of Akrabbim, for the fact remains ... The absence, not the presence of this pottery is what would disqualify Solomon as the builder. The key here, is that the modern choice of Kadesh Barnea located at Qudeirat, is clearly wrong. For all of Solomon's border fortresses share ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-ein-haseva.htm | 65% Size: 13K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 42: | Khirbat en-Nahas Fortress: Part of Solomon's network of military ... the site. Introduction document: Solomon's network of military border fortresses Click to View Qudeirat Click to View Qedeis Click to View Quseima Click to View Nahas Click to View K. Ajrud Click to View Elat/Kheleifeh Click to View Haseva Click to View Loz Click to View Introduction: Khirbat en-Nahas (KEN) is a fortress ... Please become familiar with maps of Moabite and Amorite and Edom territories. Edom was a nation at the time of Moses (1446 BC). After Israel vacated Kadesh Barnea at Petra ... the site, such as architecture, ceramics, scarabs, and arrowheads indicate that Iron Age secondary state formation in Edom was much earlier than previously assumed. ... The pottery they recovered is typical of all the border fortresses that Solomon built and occupied in the Negev. We kept reading and reading and the only reason why ... The architecture, in situ excavations of copper industrial remains and imports confirm two major phases of production in the 12-11th centuries BCE and 10-9th ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-khirbat-en-nahas.htm | 64% Size: 34K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 43: | Kuntillet Ajrud Fortress and Ostraca: One of Solomon's network ... ... The reigns of Jehoram, Ahaziah, and Athaliah (between 850 and 837 B.C.E.) seem distinct possibilities. However, the period of Joash king of Israel (ca. 801-786 B.C.E.), who captured Amaziah king of Judah, broke down the wall of Jerusalem, and seized the treasures ... This strengthens the conclusion that Kuntillet 'Ajrud was a unique place, and is a factor that should be taken into account when the character and function of the site are being evaluated." (The Rectangular Fortress at Kadesh Barnea, David Ussishkin, 1995 AD) 4. More recent examinations of both Carbon 14 and pottery reading have dated the site to the period of 830-775 BC. B. The structure, finds a lack of Negev ware pottery found: More on Negev Pottery. "The ... Structure A differs, however, in a number of important respects: it lacks the casemate walls typical of these fortresses, and its remains are unusual for a fortress and suggest a different type of function altogether." (Kuntillet Ajrud, Ze'ev Meshel, Anchor Bible ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-kuntillet-ajrud.htm | 64% Size: 55K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 44: | The Exodus Route: 15 Stops between Kadesh Barnea to Jordan B. From Kadesh Barnea, Moses sent the 12 spies to the northern edge of the wilderness of Zin across the Arabah valley into the Negev. It is important to note that Israel never actually sets foot in the negev during the 40 years in the wilderness. This proves that Kadesh Barnea cannot be at Ein el-Qudeirat or Ein Qedeis, since both are in the Negev, not to mention within the formal ... So be very careful; do not provoke them, for I will not give you any of their land, even as little as a footstep because I have given Mount Seir to Esau as a possession." Deuteronomy 2:4-5 After crossing the Red Sea 40 years earlier: "Then the chiefs of Edom were dismayed; The leaders of Moab, ... Excavations were conducted at Dibon between 1950 and 1956; these investigations recovered material from the Early Bronze, Iron Ages I-II, Nabatean, Roman, Byzantine, and Arab periods (3000 b.c.-a.d. 1500), but there is a notable absence of Middle and Late Bronze Age remains. The list of Numbers 33 ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-kadesh-barnea-jordan.htm | 63% Size: 71K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 45: | 'Edomite', `Negbite' And 'Midianite' Pottery From The Negev Desert ... The Negev, however, is an interesting area of study, since it was traversed and inhabited in ancient times, as attested by the remains of material culture found in many ancient fortresses, settlements and ... Two sites have provided most of the `Edomite' pottery so far found in the Negev: the shrine complex of Horvat Qitmit (north-east Negev) and Qadesh Barnea (east Sinai). The sites differ greatly in architectural layout: the Horvat Qitmit shrine consists of a few buildings, whereas Qadesh Barnea is a large fortress. Analytical work performed on the ceramics found at the shrine of ... and Petra in Jordan (Gunneweg et al. forthcoming) so that a match of pottery with these wasters would be site-specific. An extra kiln waster from Elusa in the western Negev (N 127) was analysed as well. ... Furthermore, Nabataean Petra pottery is different in composition (Gunneweg et al. forthcoming). At present we are able to give some more weight to the earlier results because we have ourselves now ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-pottery-edomite-negev-midianite-neutron-activation-analysis-j-gunneweg-1991ad.htm | 63% Size: 49K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 46: | The Madaba map (mosaic floor) 542 AD St. George's Orthodox church ... So, like their modern Muslim archeological counterparts who excavate the Temple mount with a bull dozer and grind 2000 year old artifacts into gravel for the roads, they defaced the mosaic where ... Numbers 32:37; K. 112:14; L. 270:10. Textual variants: Kariathieim (Greek). For contemporary site Coroiath and Eoraiatat (Latin). Another wholly Christian town (cf. K. 26:14) is located west of ... B. The exodus route: Border of Egypt 1. The Wadi el-Arish is the same as the River of Egypt in Gen 15:18 Click to View 2. All Bible maps have wrongly located Kadesh Barnea at Ein el-Qudeirat since 1916 AD. Yet ... Tamar is was identified by Rudolph Cohen to be En Haseva. "In an article last year (BA 57:4119941), we outlined the Roman, Nabatean, and Iron Age remains at (and presented arguments for the ... In recent years the site has been surveyed by numerous scholars. In 1980, in the framework of the Negev Emergency Survey, Mo'a was examined by a team directed by D. Nahlieli. ... Mo'a was clearly ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-madaba-map.htm | 63% Size: 45K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 47: | 597 BC: Arad Ostraca #24: Letter from Zedekiah to send troops ... During the time of the Exodus 1446 BC, Edom's territory ran beside Kadesh Barnea at Nabatean Petra from the gulf of Aqaba north to the Wadi Zered at the south end of the Salt Sea. After continuously ... issues orders to Malchijah, the troop commander at the Arad fortress, to send 50 troops from Arad and 50 troops from the nearby Kinah fortress, to the fortress at Ramah-Negev to secure its safety and defense. ... For the excavations of Tel Malhata, see Kochavi 1993, with earlier literature; Eldar and Baumgarten 1993; Beit-Arieh 1998." (Ostracon 40 from Arad reconsidered, Nadav na'aman, 2003 AD) II. ... to be obeyed." (Ostracon 40 from Arad reconsidered, Nadav na'aman, 2003 AD) This is important because it proves Kadesh Barnea CANNOT be located at Ein Qudeirat in the Sinai, but rather at Petra. ... Some speculate that the Nabateans are the remnant of Edom. The origin of the Nabateans remains a mystery but it is certainly not Edom. God said that Edom would become an extinct nation and we ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-ostracon-Arad24-letters-edomite-threat-send-troops-life-and-death-matter-Eliashib-Malchijah-Elisha-Ramah-Negev-Tel-Ira-Kinah-Horvat-Uza-Edom-Zedekiah-597bc.htm | 63% Size: 90K Depth: 4 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 48: | The Onomasticon by Eusebius (325AD) and the Exodus route ... Eusebius goes even further and says that Kadesh Barnea is located at Petra. Eusebius represents the views of the time of queen Helena, who chose the site for Mt. Sinai at St. Catherine's Monastery in a vision. (Of course she was wrong about Mt. Sinai.) What is also striking is that although Petra would have certainly been marked on the Madaba map in a section defaced by the Muslims in 700 AD, Ein Qudeirat is missing from a section of the map that remains. In other word, If Kadesh was located at Qudeirat, it would have been in the section we can see today that the Muslims did ... The Madaba Map copies Eusebius with all three names listed: "Balak which is also Sēgōr or now Zoora" and picturing a fortress with palm trees. Zoora is also Soora (K. 15:19) and Zogera (K. 94:1) and is ... The biblical information is here summarized from I Samuel 15:7, Exodus 15:22, and Numbers 27:14. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Gerara, he saw a chewing of the cud or a garden wall" (66). G. Wadi ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-eusebius-onomasticon-323ad.htm | 62% Size: 46K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 49: | 597 BC: Arad Ostraca introduction: Jehoiakim, Zedekiah, Nico ... ... A man seeks asylum in the temple of Solomon. (Arad #18) d. A short list of army commanders from Ramah-Negev (Tel Ira #1) I. Overview of archeological excavation and analysis: Excavation report: Aharoni, Y., with the cooperation of Naveh, J. ... There, clear internal matres seem to have been adopted from earlier final maws, though sporadic contraction of aw in a few words had possibly already taken place (Rainey 1972). Waw for medial a was in sporadic use by the time of the Royal ... Stratum VI (end of the seventh, beginning of the sixth century B.C.E.) This is the last Israelite citadel: it existed for only about ten years. The fortress was encircled by a new casemate wall which had towers projecting at the corners and in the middle of each side, similar to the fortresses of Kadesh-Barnea [Ein Qudeirat] and Hot-vat Uzza.'2 Along the western side and in the northwest corner. a completely new wall was built, whereas the rest of the wall was rebuilt along the lines of the old wall. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-Arad-18-24-40-88-letters-refugee-temple-YHWH-edomite-threat-troops-edom-Ramah-Negev-Ira-Kinah-Horvat-Uza-Neco-II-Egypt-Jehoiakim-Zedekiah-Judah-608-597bc.htm | 62% Size: 61K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 50: | Exodus route and Conquest: Hormah, Tamar, Way of the Spies period to the early Arab period have been uncovered here, including a pit with Edomite cultic figures, Iron Age walls, gates and an altar, and a Roman fortress. ... but then remained unoccupied until the early Israelite monarchy.1 Since no remains exist that might be identified with this Arad in the latter part of the Late ... to that of Tel Malhata.7 One must note that Hormah, meaning "destruction," is a name given to the site after the defeat of the Canaanites in this part of the Negev. ... Atharim" (derek hā˒ătārīm) was described by Y. Aharoni as "leading from Kadesh-barnea to Arad," along which the fortresses of Bir Hafir, Oboda, and Aroer were built ... Third, the evidence is lacking for the tradition that Moses and the Israelites were attempting to enter the land from the Negev along the pathway in which they were ... that the Way of the Atharim may be a reference to the road leading to Tamar, or Ein Tamar, located about ten miles south of the Dead Sea.12 Such a desert road from ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-way-of-spies-hormah.htm | 62% Size: 16K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
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