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| 1: | The "Aharoni Fortress" Near Quseima and the "Israelite Fortresses ...
The "Aharoni Fortress" Near Quseima and the "Israelite Fortresses" in the Negev Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 294. (May, 1994), pp. 39-67. Zeev Meshel Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel (The "Aharoni Fortress" Near Quseima and the "Israelite ... The second part returns to an old archaeological controversy: who built the sites known as "Israelite fortresses," when, and why? The article argues that the model of self-initiated nomad sedentarization recently proposed by Finkelstein, Herzog, and ... The fortress reported here may shed some new light, at least, on the third of these questions. The Site, Its Location and Discovery The site stands ... The site was discovered in 1975 by officers from an Israel Defense Forces base at Quseima, themselves amateur archaeologists. Following their Fig. 1. ... cf. also tables and maps in Finkelstein 1984; 1985; Eitam 1988; however, it is not marked in the maps and lists of Cohen 1979; 1986: 130, map D). ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-aharoni-fortress-near-quseima-israelite-fortresses-in-negev-zeev-meshel-1994ad.htm | 97%  Size: 92K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 2: | The Iron Age Fortresses at En Haseva, Rudolph Cohen, 1995 AD ... A major difference between the (En Haseva and Horvat Qitmit assemblages is their discovery location. The objects found ... In addition to its resemblance to the fortress-gate at Tell el-Kheleifeh (Glueck 1939:9,13-14, fig. 1; Pratico 1985; ... 1994), thought to be the central military base in the Israelite Kingdom (Ussishkin and Woodhead 1994:47).5 Furthermore, ... The impressive southwestern corner, built of large silex blocks, is preserved to the height of more than a meter. It appears to be a fortress, similar in plan to those found at several Iron Age sites in the central Negev (Cohen 1995). Diggers retrieved a complete ... 1940:17f; Pratico 1985:23f) and in all three fortresses uncovered at Kadesh-Barnea (Cohen 1981;1983a), dating ... That it was desert nomads who built the sites/forts/settlements in the Negev is a belief shared today by I. Finkelstein ... Publica-tions of the Institute of Archaeology 2. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University AhlstrOm, G. W 1993 Palestine in the Assyrian Orbit. Pp. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-iron-age-fortresses-negev-ein-haseva-rudolph-cohen-1995ad.htm | 88% Size: 55K Depth: 6 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 3: | The Bible and Radiocarbon Dating: Archaeology, Text and Science ... .../>) and most recently in an article by Israel Finkelstein (2005) published in the journal Tel Aviv. ... Aharoni considered these settlements of Israelite origin, ranging from the 10th to the 7th centuries BCE (Aharoni ... Finkelstein (1984, 1988) dated the settlements in the Negev Highlands to Iron Age I in cultural terms and to the 11th ... Age strata in north-eastern Sinai and the Central Negev were measured at the University of Groningen (Table 21.1). ... Table 21.1. Iron Age radiocarbon dates from north-eastern Sinai and the Central Negev. Tell el-Qudeirat Fortresses ... This geomorphic surface provided a logical choice and firm foundation for the site-location of the successive fortresses in the valley of Wadi ... military campaign of the early 6th century BCE (Fig. 21.2). Cohen (1981a, 1983, 1993a) discovered the more complex situation that the Upper Fortress was built on the remains of the Middle Fortress. Cohen (1981a, 1983, 1993a) suggested dating the construction ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-bible-and-radiocarbon-dating-archaeology-text-and-science-thomas-e-levy-thomas-higham-2005ad.htm | 87% Size: 126K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 4: | enclosed-settlements-negeb-wilderness-beer-sheba-zeev-herzog ... Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 250. (Spring, 1983), pp. 41-49. Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Enclosed Settlements in the Negeb and the ... An overall picture of settlement in the Beersheva Valley was presented by Aharoni in 1976. Somewhat later, Cohen and Meshel began their systematic exploration of the central Negev high-lands, concentrating mainly on what they referred to as Iron Age or Israelite fortresses. While these two projects conform to the basic ... and Tel Arad are beyond the limits of the accompanying map (Cohen 1980: fig. 1); and in Aharoni's summary (1976) the central Negev sites are hardly mentioned. ... the grounds that it is difficult to imagine that this king built defensive systems to fortify the southern border of the kingdom while it was still in its infancy. ... by Gophna on the tributaries of Nahal Pattish northwest of Beersheva (Tel Manopat, Beer-Mano'ati, and Beer-Halmut; Gophna 1964: 242; for location see fig. 1 here). ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-enclosed-settlements-negeb-wilderness-beer-sheba-zeev-herzog-1983ad.htm | 84% Size: 29K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 5: | Archaeology and the Religions of Canaan and Israel, Beth Alpert ... Ruth Dickstein and her colleagues at the University of Arizona Library made it possible for me to complete my research in while in Tucson. ... analyses, as well as data on ethnography, demography, settlement patterns, agriculture and faunal remains (Stern 1984; Finkelstein 1988). ... Several of Robertson Smith's ideas have had a profound effect on the study of Israelite origins. These include his assumption of an analogous ... to the gods established a system of communication in which trust and reciprocity could be built" (de Vos and Suarez-Orozco 1987: 321). ... see, the bOmâ would endure throughout most of the Monarchy as the official non-Temple location at which Israelites and Judaeans worshipped. ... Dever's recent timeframe will be followed here (Dever 1992a: fig. 1). However, the terminology used will be Albright's more widely accepted MB ... Excavations at Tel Beer-sheba: Preliminary Report of the Fifth and Sixth Seasons, 1973-1974. Tel Aviv 2: 146-68. 1975c Investigations at ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-archaeology-and-the-religions-of-Canaan-and-israel-beth-alpert-nakhai.htm | 84% Size: 576K Depth: 6 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 6: | Nelson Glueck's 1938-1940 Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh: A ... ... The suggested distinction between fortress and fortified settlement is based, therefore, on the broader chronological horizons of the latter, their strategic location, the size and quality of their construction and, ... It should be noted, in terms of the Iron Age stratigraphy, that Stratum VII pottery provides the closest similarities to the Tell el-K heleifeh repertoire (Herzog et al. 1984: fig. 25: 3, 6 and 15). BIBLIOGRAPHY ... Andrews University Seminary Studies 10: 21-69. McNicoll, A.; Smith, R. H.; and Hennessy, B. 1982 Pella in Jordan I: An Interim Report on the Joint University of Sydney and the College of Wooster Excavations at Pella ... Meshel, Z. 1975 On the Problem of Tell el-Kheleifeh, Elath and Ezion-Geber. Eretz Israel 12: 49-56. 1977 Horvat RitmaAn Iron Age Fortress in the Negev Highlands. Tel Aviv 4: 110-35. 1979 Who Built the "Israelite Fortresses" in the Negev Highlands. Cathedra 11: 4-28 (Hebrew). Meshel, Z., and Cohen, R. 1980 Refed and Hatira: Two Iron Age ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-nelson-gluecks-1938-1940-excavations-tell-el-kheleifeh-reappraisal-gary-pratico-1985ad.htm | 81% Size: 69K Depth: 6 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 7: | (The Iron Age Fortresses in the Central Negev, Rudolph Cohen ... ... The gate, on the southeastern side of the fortress, was extensively damaged by the foundation trenches of a later structure built over ... The walls are preserved in places to a height of ca. 1.50 m. Both wheel-made Israelite and "Negev" sherds were collected, but no remains of a ... because of this their four sides are seldom equal in length (cf. fig. 5:1-4). Seven fortresses of this type were either surveyed or excavated during the past ... and surveyed by Glueck in 1956 (1957: 23, Site 304) and partially excavated by Meshel and the author in 1970 (Cohen and Meshel 1970: 27). ... Two of the casemate rooms were exposed: the southern room was ca. 9.80 X 2.30 m., and the eastern room was ca. 4 X 2.80 m. The location ... Evenari, M.; Shanan, L.; and Tadmor, N. 1971 The Negev. Cambridge: Harvard University. Feldmann, J. 1959 Mibifnim 21: 102-104 (Hebrew). ... Hadashot Arkheologiyot 54-55: 30 (Hebrew). 1977 Horvat Ritma-An Iron Age Fortress in the Negev Highlands. Tel-Aviv 4: 110-35. Musil, A. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-iron-age-fortresses-central-negev-rudolph-cohen-1979ad.htm | 80% Size: 56K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 8: | Joshua's Altar on Mt. Ebal and the Lead Curse Tablet ... by two epigraphers, Pieter Gert Van der Veen of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, and Gershon Galil of the University of Haifa. ... A stone mound on the northeastern ridge. By Adam Zertal (Nov 2004) 2. Site location: 50 km N of Jerusalem: GPS: 32.239679N 35.287205E click to ... See also: (Zertal, A. 1986/87 An Early Iron Age Cultic Site on Mt. Ebal: Excavation Seasons 1982-1987. Tel Aviv 13-14: 105-65. 1993.) and (The ... of the Israelite settlers. Confirmation of this view is provided by the absence of dwellings. the presence of stone installations containing offerings, the singular architectural plan, and the ashes mixed with animal bones. The large double enclosure and the finely built main ... Some scholars (A. Mazar, M. D. Coogan, I. Finkelstein) agree that the site has a cultic nature but do not interpret it as an altar; others (A. ... and 1000 m. northeast of Mount Ebal's peak (940 m. above sea-level), which rises to the north of the valley of Shechem (Fig. 1; P1. 5:1). ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-altar-of-joshua.htm | 80% Size: 538K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 9: | Pots and Polities: Material Remains of Late Iron Age Judah in ... ... A few miscellaneous fragments could not be identified and are grouped under type 5 (7 frag-ments altogether). Fig. 9. Horse and rider ... to the definition of Judah's borders. Final reports are not yet published (for prelim-inary reports see Cohen 1983; Naveh 1962; Reich 1989). ... is similar to other Judaean fortresses, while the plan of Mesad Hashavyahu is unique and no similar fortresses are known from nearby kingdoms. ... Per-haps a similar phenomenon emerges in the Negev, where a mixture of Edomite and Judaean elements appears, especially at Malhata (Beit-Arieh ... ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank Nadav Na'aman and the late Pirhiya Beck, both of Tel Aviv University, for their encouragement and criticism. Thanks ... Warm thanks are due to the Faculty of Humanities, University of Haifa, for its aid; to Y. Ben Artzi, University of Haifa, and to my colleagues ... The appearance of horned stone altars at Ekron was attributed by the excavators to Israelite immi-gration (Dothan and Gitin 1994: 21), I hope ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-pots-and-polities-material-remains-of-late-iron-age-judah-in-relation-to-its-political-borders-raz-kletter-1999ad.htm | 77% Size: 140K Depth: 6 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 10: | The Rectangular Fortress at Kadesh Barnea, David Ussishkin, 1995 ... David Ussishkin, Tel Aviv University, 2003, p.112). This means that he has a strong bias against the concept of Border Fortresses that Cohen proposes. However, Ussishkin does make some good comments regarding the procedures of archeology, although we question his interpretations. Ussishkin makes his comments based on a visit to the site in 1982 and in conjunction with other like minded liberal Bible trashers like Finkelstein. We include Ussishkin ... Most of his disagreement with Cohen is whether there were one or two rectangular fortresses built on top of the oval one. He concludes that there was one rectangular fortress ... M. Dothan; Figs. 2-3 and 6 by courtesy of the Israel Antiquities Authority and Dr. R. Cohen; Fig. 4 was prepared by 0. Paran. I am indebted to all of them. Stratigraphy ... destroyed in 586 B.C.E. The existence of three superimposed fortresses differentiates between Kadesh-Barnea and other Negev sites, in which a single fortress was constructed. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-rectangular-fortress-at-kadesh-barnea-david-ussishkin-1995ad.htm | 75% Size: 25K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 11: | Solomon's network of military border fortresses in the Negev ... "Israelite fortresses in the Negev."" (The "Aharoni Fortress" Near Quseima and the "Israelite Fortresses" in the Negev, Zeev Meshel, 1994 AD) More than 40 sites in the Wilderness ... As a result of all these archaeological surveys, more than 40 Iron Age fortresses have now been identified in the Central Negev. (The Fortresses King Solomon Built to Protect His Southern Border, Rudolph Cohen, 1985 AD) Here is a map that shows the fortresses we ... Thus, Herzog proposes an 11th century date (Herzog 1990: 238); and Finkelstein, true to his multistage theory, dates the whole process to the end of the 11th and beginning of the 10th ... to defend the caravans plying the routes of the Way of the Spies, the Way of the Hill Country of the Amorites, and the Way of the Red Sea (Meshel 1974: fig. 17; 1981: fig. 1). ... "The site [Ahoroni Fortress] is particularly large in fact by far the largest of its type. The location is also unique: it was apparently of crucial importance to erect the fortress ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-davids-negev-border-fortress-network.htm | 74% Size: 75K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 12: | bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-judahs-last-outpost-carol ... Writing from Duke University, Carol describes herself as "deeply indebted to Rudolph Cohen . . . for his gracious willingness to provide details of ... Gradually, a sound basis for evaluating the borders of Israelite settlement in the South is being established. Fig. 1. View of Tell e Qudeirat, identified with biblical Kadesh Barnea; the excavated area is at the eastern end of the tell. Central Negev: Abandoned After Tenth Century As a result of the work done to date by Cohen, particularly at the central Negev sites of Khirbet Rahba, Khirbet Haluqim, ... Perhaps there was more to the history of the place than had been realized. Dothan had thought that the casemate walls of the fortress had been built ... Finally, Dothan's work had left unresolved the matter of the location of the gate or entrance to the fortress. Cohen's expedition would also address ... the 8th-7th centuries B.C.E. This structure is very similar to the fortresses with 4 m.-wide walls known from the northern Negev tells at ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-judahs-last-outpost-carol-meyers-1976ad.htm | 72% Size: 16K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 13: | Ein El-Qudeirat is not Kadesh Barnea: : Wrongly identified as ... ... This may, of course, be explained by its strategically crucial location at the juncture of two main desert routes. Alternatively, it is possible that the site was ... in the Central Negev was never rebuilt. At Kadesh-Barnea, however, a fortress was re-established in the eighth-seventh centuries B.C. over its predecessor's remains. (Did I Excavate Kadesh-Barnea? absence of Exodus remains poses problem, Rudolph Cohen, 1981 AD) E. Ein el-Qudeirat had three fortresses: (built and destroyed three times) "Our archaeological excavations have revealed the ruins of three Iron Age (Israelite) fortresses on the tell, each, except for the first, built over its predecessor. ... The fortress of Kadesh-barnea (Grid Reference 0949 X 0064) is located on Tell 'Ain, at the most important desert juncture in this region (fig. 9). It was first ... The above '4C date would place the Lower Fortress firmly in the Iron I period, as favoured by Rothen-berg (1972, 1988), Aharoni (1978), Herzog (1983), Finkelstein ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-ein-el-qudeirat.htm | 72% Size: 123K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 14: | Kuntillet Ajrud Fortress and Ostraca: One of Solomon's network ... Yahweh bless you and keep you and be with you". b. Founded as a Negev border fortress by Solomon, it was occupied by the pagan ... The strategic location of Kuntillet Ajrud is located 15 km west of the ancient Darb el-Ghazza. Solomon chose to set it west of the trade route to further ensure it would be protected. While it is true that no fortresses have been found directly on the ... Reductionists Finkelstein and Ussishkin, both of whom view "David and Solomon as another Bible myth", reject Cohen's view that this was built by Solomon and therefore date the structure to the 9th century or later. c. Having said this, we must ... by the need to identify an historical period in which N Israelite influence over Judah was especially strong, points to the ... According to Cohen, it included three successive governmental fortresses built by the kings of Judah. If that is so, ... See Fig. KUN.01. The top of the hill is a long and narrow plateau, and the actual ruins are found at its W end. At the foot of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-kuntillet-ajrud.htm | 72% Size: 55K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 15: | Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph ... ... Leaving these issues aside, the mere fact that, of all the numerous Iron Age fortresses in the Central Negev, Kadesh-barnea alone was rebuilt twice is in itself highly intriguing. This may, of course, be explicable on the basis of its strategically important location at the junction of two main desert routes. But it is also possible ... In the south, the outer lines of the central tower (of the final fortress) were exposed. A silo, only partiallycleared, had been built against its eastern wall. Two more casemate rooms on this side of the ... Israel Exploration Journal 8: 26-38. 1973 Beer-sheba I: Excavations at Beer- sheba, 1969-1971. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University, Institute of Archaeology. Aharoni, Y., et al. 1960 The Ancient Desert Agriculture of the Negev: V. An Israelite Agricultural Settlement at Ramat Matred. Israel Exploration Journal 10: 97-111. Amiran, D. 1953 The Pattern of Settlement in Palestine. Israel Exploration Journal 3: 67-78, 250-60. Cohen, R. 1970 'Mar Haro`a. 'A tigot ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-excavations-at-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-ba-1976-1982ad.htm | 71% Size: 44K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 16: | Rehoboam, Shishak I (945-924 BC ) Canaan battle relief topographical ... ... See map for location of Karnak. "Shoshenq I (ca. 945-924 b.c.), the biblical Shishak, was a man of Libyan ancestry who founded the twenty-second dynasty and ... The Bubasite Portal by The Epigraphic Survey, George R. Hughes, The University Of Chicago Oriental Institute Publications Volume LXXIV, 1954 AD) 8. "A ... The second part of the inscription, containing over 10 names, is apparently devoted to the Negev. Only a few of the names can be identified with cities known ... number of the names refer to the fortresses we have been discussing." (The Fortresses King Solomon Built to Protect His Southern Border, Rudolph Cohen, 1985 AD) I. Rehoboam (931-914 BC), The Foolish King: 1. Very few kings were ... no connection between the fortresses and roads (Finkelstein 1984: 190). The location of some fortresses, such as the Aharoni fortress and Nahal Loz, cannot be explained otherwise. (The "Aharoni Fortress" Near Quseima and the "Israelite Fortresses" in the Negev, Zeev Meshel, 1994 AD) ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-sheshonq-I-shoshenq-shishak-shishaq-bubastite-karnak-conquest-campaign-canaan-battle-relief-topographical-list-187-cities-conquered-name-rings-926bc.htm | 71% Size: 211K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 17: | Timna: Valley of the Biblical Copper Mines, Beno Rothenberg, ... ... However, the main location of copper smelting at Site 2 was across the wadi, also along the edge of the slope. Here, three large slag heaps, ... It was later used by the Israelite Kings (as Ezion Gebel.), then by Nabatacans, Romans and Mamehikes Plate 39 Plates 4o, 41 Fig. 26 Plate 3o ... In the middle of this fill a structure of heavy stones came to light, closed on top by layers of flat stones to form a carefully built ... However, examination of the bones by Dr N. Haas of Tel Aviv University showed that, in fact, 'there were skeletal remains of two individuals. The ... Several copper implements were found, some showing signs of use, Fig. 29 others were in an 'as cast' stage and quite unfinished. A toggle pin ... L I 1 7 I 1--J 4 4 9 31 Negev-type, hand-made pottery from Site 2 15 16 32 Midianite pottery with bichrome decoration _from Site 2 0 0 ... the view that many of the agricultural settlements and hill fortresses in the Central Negev predate the Israelite conquest of Palestine ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-timna-valley-of-the-biblical-copper-mines-beno-rothenberg-1969ad.htm | 69% Size: 166K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 18: | Negev Pottery: "Negev ware" "Negevite ware" Crude, hand made ... There were some 50 fortresses in the Negev that Solomon built and there is a similarity in the types of pottery found at them all including Negev pottery. One exception was the fortress ... Negev pottery is the disposable dinnerware of the ancient world made by men while away from home either as soldiers or miners. "Another common denominator of the Negev fortresses besides the casemate structure, is Negev ware (Cohen 1986: ... I agree with the attribution of Negev ware to the southern desert nomads, and consider this quite adequate for our purpose." (The "Aharoni Fortress" Near Quseima and the "Israelite ... E. Negev pottery found at Ein Qedeis: Qedeis is one of the fortresses built by Solomon in 950 BC. It was considered to be the location for Kadesh Barnea between 1881 and 1916 AD. In 1916, ... 1985 AD) Only a handful of "Negevite" straight-walled and "hole-mouth" cooking pots (cf. fig. 12: 1-5) can be associated with the earliest level. (Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh: A ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-negev-ware-negevite-ware-hand-made-pottery.htm | 65% Size: 47K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 19: | The Ahoroni Fortress at Quseima: One of Solomon's network of ... Solomon's border fortress at Quseima is the largest of over 50 that have been discovered because of its strategic location. The summit was able to watch over three of four springs in ... Egypt is one of over 50 outposts built by king Solomon to protect the border between Israel and Egypt, which lie about 19 km west of Quseima and about 26 km west of Ein Qudierat and Ein Kades. (Ein Kades is located about 6 km south west of Qudeirat). "The site, [Ahoroni Fortress] named for the late Y. Aharoni, be-longs to the category of "Israelite fortresses," of which some 50 have been discovered in the Negev Highlands. ... ... Thus, Herzog proposes an 11th century date (Herzog 1990: 238); and Finkelstein, true to his multistage theory, dates the whole process to the end of the 11th and beginning of the 10th ... ordinary, wheel-made pottery, characteristic of the Iron Age; and rough, handmade pottery, of the type known as "Negev ware" (Cohen 1986). The number of Negev ware sherds was small. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-quseima-ahoroni.htm | 65% Size: 17K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 20: | Solomon's Fortress at Elat, Aqaba: Tell el-Kheleifeh and Jezirat ... ... We know this, because the Edomites never lived in the Negev until after the Babylonian captivity of 586 AD. Therefore, Ezion Geber was located on the east shore of the Gulf of Aqaba. Ezion Geber is probably not discovered yet, or is under modern the city of modern Aqaba, Jordan. The fortress at Tell el-Kheleifeh was built on a hill 500 ... in the first place, could not have been recovered by Syria (Bartlett 1989:127)." (The Iron Age Fortresses at En Haseva, Rudolph Cohen, 1995 AD) A. Location of Elat and Ezion-Geber: Click to View We believe Tell el-kheleifeh is ancient Elat (Eloth) ... It was later used by the Israelite Kings (as Ezion Geber.), then by Nabateans, Romans and Mamelukes." (Timna, Beno Rothenberg, 1969 AD) This island was called variously 'Ile de Graye', 'el Qureiye', ... Pratico, 1985 AD) Only a handful of "Negevite" straight-walled and "hole-mouth" cooking pots (cf. fig. 12: 1-5) can be associated with the earliest level. (Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh: A ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-ezion-geber-elat-aqaba.htm | 63% Size: 65K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 21: | Timna ... Extraordinarily enough, it is absent from the Sinai. In short we have a blank Sinai and a thriving culture in Midian in this era." (Israelite Origins, An Interview with Frank Moore Cross, Bible ... with the The Hebrew University and the University of Bonn to do a Neutron Activation Analysis of pottery. This is test allows scientists to identify the trace elements in pottery and establish a unique fingerprint for each of the 81 pieces tested. The purpose was to see if a common type of clay was used from a single geographic location: "The purpose of this study is to establish ... D. Negev ware pottery found at Timna: Hand made pottery, known as Negev pottery is found at Timna, Elat and many of the fortresses that Solomon built in 950 BC: "Subsequently, however, similar handmade pottery began to appear at numerous other Iron Age sites, particularly in the Central Negev and Timna-Eilat area." (Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph Cohen, 1981 AD) Stylistically ... ... https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-timna.htm | 62% Size: 64K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 22: | The Fortresses at En Haseva Rudolph Cohen 1994 ... like the middle and upper fortresses at Tel Kadesh-Barnea (Cohen 1981; 1983a) and the fot tiess at Horvat Uzza (Beit-Arieh 1986), which is rectangular. ... The walls enclosed the largest fort of the Negev, equal in size to the regional adminis-tration center Beersheva. Pottery vessels from the Iron Age II ... common with that of the for-tress uncovered at Tel Jezreel (Ussish-kin and Woodhead 1992), an important administrative center in the Israelite Kingdom. ... (Strata II-HI) is not surprising since it appears that both were built at the same time. Summary The finds from the Roman and Iron Age fortresses at 'En Haseva support Aharoni's proposal to identify the site, which ... In Ezekiel, these two sites on the southern border of Israel are mentioned in proximity. The strategic location of `En Haseva-Tamar is obvious, sitting ... Ussishkin, D. and Woodhead, J. 1992 Excavations at Tel Jezree11990-1991: Preliminary Report. Tel Aviv 19:3-56. Yeivin, S. 1960 Did the Kingdoms of Israel ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortress-at-ein-haseva-rudolph-cohen-1994ad.htm | 62% Size: 23K Depth: 7 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 23: | Khirbat en-Nahas Fortress: Part of Solomon's network of military ... of Judah in about 586 BC. Also familiarize yourself with the location of Kadesh Barnea at Petra which is just north of the Edomite border in 1406 BC. Especially review the southern border of Judah. ... The pottery they recovered is typical of all the border fortresses that Solomon built and occupied in the Negev. We kept reading and reading and the only reason why they said KEN was and Edomite fortress, is because, it was in Edomite territory. But ... While many researchers (Bienkowski 1992a; Bienkowski and van der Steen 2001; Finkelstein 1992a; Knauf-Belleri 1995) have argued that large scale trade in other goods, especially from Arabia, was the ... forts in the Araba/Arava region, such as Hatzeva (Cohen & Yisrael 1995) and Tell el-Kheleifeh (Glueck 1965) . The gate is somewhat smaller than four-chamber gates found in Israel (Herzog 1992) but this can be expected since Khirbat en-Nahas is an industrial site, while the Israelite gates belong to towns." (Reassessing the chronology of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-khirbat-en-nahas.htm | 62% Size: 34K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 24: | Reassessing the chronology of Biblical Edom, Thomas E. Levy, ... Occupation begins here in the eleventh century BC and the monumental fortress is built in the tenth. If this site can be equated with the rise of the Biblical ... gates found in Israel (Herzog 1992) but this can be expected since Khirbat en-Nahas is an industrial site, while the Israelite gates belong to towns. ... BIENKOWSKI, P. & C.M. BENNETT. 2003. Excavations at Busayrah. Oxford: Oxford University Press. BRUINS, H.J., J. VAN DER PLICHT & A. MAZAR. 2003. C-14 dates ... Ethnography and the Iron Age Low Chronology. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 322:1-10 COHEN, R. & Y. YISRAEL. 1995. The Iron Age Fortresses at En Haseva. Biblical Archaeologist 58. ... Flora 191: 29-39. FINKELSTEIN, I. 1999. Hazor and the North in the Iron Age: A Low Chronology Perspective. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental ... MUNGER, S. 2003. Egyptian Stamp-Seal Amulets and their Implications for the Chronology of the Early Iron Age. Tel Aviv 30: 66-82. MUSIL, A. 1907. Arabia ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-reassessing-the-chronology-of%20biblical-edom-thomas-e-levy-2004ad.htm | 61% Size: 41K Depth: 6 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 25: | Transjordan Early Edom And Moab 1900 BC ... In other Egyptian documents, the Shasu are attested securely all the way from north Sinai and the Negev up into Syria as far as Qadesh (cf. Giveon ... 1982b:119 distinguished between Nos. 95 and 96 (` Ain and Keramin), whereas in 1982a:66, 69-70 he appeared to treat them as virtually one location. ... One should note that the cartouche on the bulla (Worschech 1990:87f., fig.26a, p1.10:1) has been misread: it is not Menkare, but Djoserkare, the ... Lichtheim, M. 1973 Ancient Egyptian Literature I: Old and Middle Kingdoms. Berkeley/Los Angeles: University of California Press. Loud, G. 1939 The Megiddo Ivories. Chicago. Miller, J.M. 1977 The Israelite Occupation of Canaan. In Israelite and ... Second, to assess critically the claims by Israel Finkelstein that there was widespread Iron I occupation throughout Edom (Finkelstein 1992a, b; ... The Upper Town consisted of the 'Acropolis' (Area A) with palatial and/or temple buildings built on a deep fill or mound, the Lower Town of ordinary ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-edomites-early-edom-and-moab-piotr-bienkowski-1992ad.htm | 60% Size: 75K Depth: 3 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 26: | Bible Only Revelation Commentary by Steven Rudd ... date Bible books, individual chapters in Daniel, Jeremiah, Ezekiel as well as correctly mapping the location of Bible cities and events. ... was fortified by so many walls round about, which had so many fortresses and large towers to defend it, which could hardly contain the ... Cohen) or less than 200-year history. The rest, when pressed how they know, will tell you "God told me". And remember there were three ... True Israel a. Christ is King of Israel Christians are the True Israelite race is the topic in chapter 123. (Justin Martyr, Dialogues, ... contributing to the upkeep, donating large sums of money and labour to built them. In Jerusalem, there were about 400 synagogues. b. ... on his estate in Theadelphia." (Luther College Archives, Description and translation courtesy of W. Graham Claytor, University of Michigan) b. ... to the northwest of the Old City walls (Kloner 2001: 137-38; and see fig. 1).2 Four deep trenches were excavated in an area of 10.5 x 8 m, ... ... https://www.bible.ca/revelation/ | 57% Size: 3.0M Depth: 7 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 27: | Borot Loz Fortress: One of Solomon's network of military border ... been found" ("Aharoni Fortress" near Quseima, Zeev Meshel, 1994 AD) 2. "As for the distribution of the sites in the region, although many of the fortresses guard routes that might have been highways, one cannot postulate clearly drawn lines between identical way-stations built at regular intervals, as in the Nabataean spice road. ... the Nabataean road see Meshel and Tsafrir 1974. The situation described by no means implies that there was no connection between the fortresses and roads (Finkelstein 1984: 190). The location of some fortresses, such as the Aharoni fortress and Nahal Loz, cannot be explained otherwise. (The "Aharoni Fortress" Near Quseima and the "Israelite Fortresses" in the Negev, Zeev Meshel, 1994 AD) Click to View Borot Loz: Borot (pond) Loz are man made reservoirs that are dated to the time of Solomon. There is a border fortress that has been located here and excavated. One of King Solomon's network of border fortresses. Located about 4 km west of the Ramon ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-borot-loz.htm | 56% Size: 11K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 28: | bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-did-i-excavate ... Cohen 1981 AD The problem of Kadesh-Barnea is simply stated: Has the site been correctly identified? If so, why have we found no remains from the Exodus period? Kadesh-Barnea was the most important stop on the Exodus. The site also has special connections with Moses and his family. The journey of the Israelites through the desert from Egypt ended at Kadesh-Barnea. Here the Israelite ... The identification of Kadesh-Barnea with Ein el-Qudeirat is generally accepted today. Its strategic location on two important ancient routes, its abundance of water and its correspondence with ... of two of the most important desert routes in antiquity: (1) the Way of Shur, leading from Edom and the Aravah down to Egypt; and (2) the way from Eilat and the Central Negev to Arad and Hebron. ... Ein el-Qudeirat had three fortresses: (built and destroyed three times) Our archaeological excavations have revealed the ruins of three Iron Age (Israelite) fortresses on the tell, each, except for the first, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-did-i-excavate-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-bar-1981ad.htm | 54% Size: 20K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 29: | bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-kadesh-barnea ... Kadesh Barnea (Ain el-Qudeirat) A fortress from the time of the Judaean Kingdom Rudolph Cohen The Israel Museum, Jerusalem 1983 AD The Site Biblical Tradition Kadesh-barnea's importance in the ... known as Enmishpat, "The Spring of Judgement" (Gen. 14:7), served as a nomadic and semi-nomadic judicial and cultic centre for the confederation of tribes which wandered in the Negev and Sinai. ... The Israelites remained at Kadesh-barnea and in its immediate vicinity for "many days" (Deut. 1:46), and this was the first national-religious centre around which the Israelite tribes under Moses ... Moses' sister, Miriam, died and was buried at Kadesh (Num. 20:1). Aaron died at Mount Hor, located in the vicinity of Kadesh (Num. 20:22). Kadesh-barnea's location, to the south of the Land of ... Between 1976-1982, the author carried out ten seasons of excavations at Kadesh-barnea. These excavations revealed that the site consisted of three superimposed fortresses, each one built over the remains of its ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-kadesh-barnea-fortress-judaean-israel-museum-1983ad.htm | 54% Size: 28K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 30: | 'Edomite', `Negbite' And 'Midianite' Pottery From The Negev Desert ... TH. BEIER, U. DIEHL, D. LAMBRECHT and H. MOMMSEN Institut fur Strahlen- and Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, F.R.G. INTRODUCTION Little analytical work has been ... study, since it was traversed and inhabited in ancient times, as attested by the remains of material culture found in many ancient fortresses, settlements and farms. ... Figure 1 Location map me the sites in the Neget. and Jordan pertinent to this study. This pottery was first found at Tell el-Kheleifeh, near Aqaba in Jordan, by N. Glueck in 1934 who called it Edomite' (Glueck 1967. fig. 2) and who dated it to the e. thirteenth to sixth century BC. In 1968, C.-M. Bennett found similar ware in Iron ... In Israel, painted 'Edomite' ware has been found in rather small quantities at several sites in the Negev (Mazar 1985; Beit-Arieh 1989). Most of these sites are Iron ... oasis of the southern Negev as well as northern Sinai from early times until the present (Dothan 1965, 134; Woolley and Lawrence 1914. 69-71; Cohen 1983, 93-4). ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-pottery-edomite-negev-midianite-neutron-activation-analysis-j-gunneweg-1991ad.htm | 54% Size: 49K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 31: | Mt. Karkom, Israel Gen 15:18 and many other verses, says that the wadi Al-Arish (River of Egypt) is the southern boundary of Israel. For this reason alone we must reject Har Karkom as the location of Mt. Sinai. Emmanuel ... Sinai, Israel Finkelstein BAR 14:04, Jul/Aug 1988) "The 75-square-mile area around the site boasts 40,000 petraglyphs-the largest concentration of rock art in the Negev-and 892 individual archaeological ... 1000 BC, yet the Exodus was in 1446 BC. It is clearly one of a series of fortresses built by Solomon to protect the border with Egypt. Here is a detailed discussion about Ein el Qudeirat. C. Deut 1:2: "11 days from Kadesh Barnea to Sinai" according to Emmanuel Anati Emmanuel Anati has drawn a map (Fig. 46) showing the route from Ein Qudeirat (proposed Kadesh Barnea) and Mt. ... The other trail crosses the territory of Amalek, first climbing and then descending from the mountainous area of the central Negev. It is shorter, but more difficult. (HK Archive; WARA W05904). Anati has ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-mt-sinai-mt-har-karkom.htm | 54% Size: 31K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 32: | 597 BC: Arad Ostraca introduction: Jehoiakim, Zedekiah, Nico ... ... A man seeks asylum in the temple of Solomon. (Arad #18) d. A short list of army commanders from Ramah-Negev (Tel Ira #1) I. Overview of archeological excavation and ... Other than ii and i, medial long vowels at Arad are consistently unmarked. [Footnote: A. F. Rainey's study. "'Three Additional Hebrew Ostrava from Tel Arad.", Aviv 4 ... Stratum VI (end of the seventh, beginning of the sixth century B.C.E.) This is the last Israelite citadel: it existed for only about ten years. The fortress was encircled by a new casemate wall which had towers projecting at the corners and in the middle of each side, similar to the fortresses of Kadesh-Barnea [Ein Qudeirat] and Hot-vat Uzza.'2 Along the western side and in the northwest corner. a completely new wall was built, whereas the rest of the wall was rebuilt along the lines ... I was supervising the excavation of the slope outside the fortress on the western side. An American volunteer from the University of North Carolina came running over ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-Arad-18-24-40-88-letters-refugee-temple-YHWH-edomite-threat-troops-edom-Ramah-Negev-Ira-Kinah-Horvat-Uza-Neco-II-Egypt-Jehoiakim-Zedekiah-Judah-608-597bc.htm | 53% Size: 61K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 33: | Historical search for Kadesh Barnea from 1000 BC - Present ... As they excavated the site, they were unaware that they were actually digging up a fortress built by Solomon in 950 BC to protect Judah's southern border, they falsely ... surveys and excavations in the Petra area by a West German team from Tubingen University, headed by Hans Peter Uerpmann and Hans Georg Gebel, have discovered a handful of ... Discussion of the site's location, until the 19th century, was based completely on the diverse literary sources. In 1807, however, U. J. Seetzen entered the Negev in the course of his Levantine travels (1854: 1-68), opening this area to modern exploration. At first the search for Kadesh-barnea focused ... (Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph Cohen, 1981 AD) "The pioneering explorers of the early 19th century sought Kadesh-barnea in the Arabah. ... A carpet of grass covered the ground. Fig trees, laden with fruit nearly ripe enough for eating, were along the shelter of the southern hillside. Shrubs and flowers showed ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-historical-search.htm | 52% Size: 77K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 34: | Ein El Qedeis: "Piltdown Kadesh" Kadesh Barnea: 1881 - 1916 AD ... The four springs of the Quseima area: Map of the Quseima area showing the location of Ein Muweileh. Ein Qedeis is not on the map, but just below the bottom right hand corner of the map. Click to View Click to View Quseima Click to View ... The fortress Solomon built at Kades (Ein Qedeis), is located a short distance from the actual spring. Ein Qedeis is one of 50 Solomon built to protect the border against Egypt to the south and Edom to the east of the Arabah Valley. There ... The site was surveyed in 1957 by Aharoni (1967: 8), and excavations were carried out in 1976 by the author (1977b: 71). The diameter of the fortress is ca. 50 m., and the gate and five out of 20 casemate rooms were uncovered (fig. 3: 1). ... This passageway was found blocked by stones. (The Iron Age Fortresses in the Central Negev, Rudolph Cohen, 1979 AD) E. Negev pottery found at Ein Qedeis: More on Negev Pottery. The remains of the pottery, found in the ash layer that covered the beaten-earth floor of the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-ein-qedeis.htm | 52% Size: 60K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 35: | Midianite Pottery: The designer import of the ancient world. ... A. Neutron Activation Analysis of pottery: In 1991, J. Gunneweg worked with The Hebrew University and the University of Bonn to do a Neutron Activation Analysis of ... Al-Lawz, where they found the factory where the Midianite pottery was made and exported. The Kenites migrated with Moses to the promised land and settled in the Negev. ... Extraordinarily enough, it is absent from the Sinai. In short we have a blank Sinai and a thriving culture in Midian in this era." (Israelite Origins, An Interview with ... the paucity of evidence in Sinaiand the considerable remains in Qurayyah, Al-Bad' and other Midianite sitespoints in favor of an Arabian location for Mt. Sinai." (Mt. ... sherds. (Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph Cohen, 1981 AD) D. Midianite pottery found at Tell el-Kheleifeh (Elat) Midianite pottery was found at Elat (Tell el-Kheleifeh) "Like the fortresses and fortified settlements of the Negev, the pottery of Tell el-Kheleifeh falls ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-midianite-pottery.htm | 51% Size: 29K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 36: | The Fortresses King Solomon Built to Protect His Southern Border ... The Fortresses King Solomon Built to Protect His Southern Border By Rudolph Cohen, 1985 AD String of desert fortresses uncovered in Central Negev (The Fortresses King Solomon Built to Protect His Southern Border, Rudolph Cohen, 1985 AD) An enormous number of Iron Age fortresses have been uncovered in the Central Negev, especially in recent years. The question is, what are they doing here? The answer depends in large part on who built them. And to determine who built them, we need to know as precisely as possible ... The Israelite agricultural settlement built on Ramat Matred ... was founded in the first half of the tenth century and evidently destroyed by Shishak's expedition shortly after Solomon's death."17 Later Aharoni argued for an 11th-century date for the Central Negev fortresses, largely because he dated level VII at Beer-Sheva, a major excavation he directed, to the 11th century B.C. But he never systematically refuted the reasons he and Mazar had adduced for connecting them ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/fortresses-king-solomon-built-to-protect-his-southern-border-rudolph-cohen-1985ad.htm | 49% Size: 35K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 37: | Kadesh-Barnea by Henry Clay Trumbull, 1884 AD ... Egypt, II., 19) says: " From the appearance of fortresses and the Great Wall of Egypt, it is supposed that au old canal existed as early as the Fifth Dynasty." 52 ... This, however, may have been a temporary rebuild ing of the before neglected Great Wall. 2 Thus, for example, the temple of Osiris at Abydos, built by King Usertesen ... eleven days " as the stretch between Horeb and Kadesh-barnea by the route they had come, every Israelite knew exactly what he meant, whether we understand it or not. ... To identify these two roads is to do much to ward defining the route of the Israelites, and the more precise location of Kadesh-barnea. At the present time (as ... as bearing on this suggestion of his. 6 Professor C. H. Toy (of The Harvard University Divinity School), in a private letter to the author. 7 For the elose ... A carpet of grass covered the ground. Fig trees, laden with fruit nearly ripe enough for eating, were along the shelter of the southern hillside. Shrubs and flowers ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-henry-clay-trumbull-1884ad.htm | 48% Size: 1.1M Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 38: | Ein Haseva Fortress: One of Solomon's network of military border ... Ein Haseva Fortress: (One of Solomon's network of military border fortresses) Click to View Introduction document: Solomon's network of military border fortresses Click to View Qudeirat Click to View Qedeis Click to View Quseima Click to View Nahas Click to View K. Ajrud Click to View Elat/Kheleifeh Click to View Haseva Click to View Loz Click to View Introduction: The fortress of Ein Haseva was one of many built by Solomon during ... The popular candidate location for the Ascent of Akrabbim, is located just north of the main route that travels from the Negev through Ein Haseva, to the heartland of the promised land. It matters not that we reject this as the location for the Ascent of Akrabbim, for the fact remains that this was an ancient route used from the ... around the time of the destruction of the First Temple (586 BCE)." (The Iron Age Fortresses at En Haseva, Rudolph Cohen, 1995 AD) "Stratum 6 (The Early Fortress): Among the earliest remains uncovered at En Haseva are those of a ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-ein-haseva.htm | 46% Size: 13K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 39: | Exodus route and Conquest: Hormah, Tamar, Way of the Spies ... to another location, and then locate Hormah at Tel Masos (Kh. el-Meshash), three miles to the west of Tel Malhata.6 The occupational history of Tel Masos is similar to that of Tel Malhata.7 One must note that Hormah, meaning "destruction," is a name given to the site after the defeat of the Canaanites in this part of the Negev. Multiple cities (˓ārźhem, "their cities") are said to have been completely or utterly destroyed by the Israelite armies, and the use of the toponym Hormah in 21:3 may designate a single key city of this campaign or the region of the defeated towns.8 The "Way of the Atharim" (derek hā˒ătārīm) was described by Y. Aharoni as "leading from Kadesh-barnea to Arad," along which the fortresses of Bir Hafir, Oboda, and Aroer were built during the Israelite monarchy.9 The meaning and location of hā˒ătārīm apparently were lost early in history, and the later Syriac and Targums took this as the "Way of the Spies" from tārīm ("those who scouted, explored"). ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-way-of-spies-hormah.htm | 46% Size: 16K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 40: | Tamar, Hazazon-tamar, Tamara/Thamara and Tamdar Syria ... And Solomon went to Hamath-zobah and took it. He built Tadmor in the wilderness and all the store cities that he built in Hamath." 2 Chronicles 8:1-4 C. Hazazon-tamar (Engedi): The identification of this Tamar is certain: Engedi, which is located on the western shore of the Dead Sea. Hazazon-tamar is an ancient city that dates back to the time of Abraham. ... The strategic location of `Ein Haseva-Tamar is obvious, sitting as it does at the intersection of four major routes - one leading south to Elath, one traveling east to Edom, a third leading north to Jerusalem, and the fourth leading west through Macaleh `Agrabim to the central Negev area." (The Fortresses at Ein Haseva Rudolph Cohen, The Biblical Archaeologist, Vol. 57, No. 4, p 203-214, 1994) Rudolph Cohen Has accepted Ein Haseva as Biblical Tamar: "In an article last year (BA 57:4119941), we outlined the Roman, Nabatean, and Iron Age remains at (and presented arguments for the identification of the site with the biblical Tamar and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-tamar-tamdar-in-the-wilderness-palmya-syria-thamara-tamara-en-haseva.htm | 45% Size: 16K Depth: 6 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 41: | bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-kuntillet-ajrud-anchor evidence of the complex nature of Israelite religion during the OT period (Meshel 1979; and relevant articles in AIR. A. Location B. Initial Exploration of the Site C. Recent Excavations 1. Structural and Pottery Remains a. The Western Structure b. The Eastern Structure 2. Textile Remains 3. Epigraphic Remains 4. Artistic Remains D. Conclusion A. Location Kuntillet cAtrild is located ... The isolated hill rises prominently from the broad valley of Wadi Quraiya (or "wadi of the small building"), which forms a natural W-E route. See Fig. KUN.01. The top of the hill is a long and narrow ... Structure A differs, however, in a number of important respects: it lacks the casemate walls typical of these fortresses, and its remains are unusual for a fortress and suggest a different type of ... Structure A is well preserved, making it possible to ascertain some interesting details about its construction. The walls were built of unhewn chalk cut from local deposits. At a height of about 1.2 m ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-kuntillet-ajrud-zeev-meshel-anchor-bible-dictionary-1991ad.htm | 45% Size: 25K Depth: 6 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 42: | Did Yahweh Have a Consort, Kuntillet Ajrud, Ze'ev Meshel, 1979 ... ... After the 1967 Six-Day War we came to the site and by examining the sherds which lay strewn about we were able to detect Palmer's error easily and to date the site to Iron Age II or the Israelite period. This new date identified the site as the southernmost outpost of the Judean kingdom, and it became a prime candidate for excavation. A few years later I led the archaeological expedition to Kuntillet Ajrud on behalf of Tel Aviv University (Institutes of Archaeology, and of Nature ... The relatively well-preserved condition of these tower-like rooms revealed some interesting construction details: the walls were built of rough unhewn stones, quarried from local limestone; branchesmainly of the tamarisk tree which grows abundantly in the ... The original location of these inscriptionson the door jambsrecalls the Biblical verse: "And you shall write them on the doorposts of your home and one your gates" (Deuteronomy 6:9). Another inscription was found on a plaster fragment which had dropped ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-did-yahweh-have-a-consort-kuntillet-ajrud-zeev-meshel-1979ad.htm | 45% Size: 26K Depth: 6 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 43: | The southern border of Judah and Kadesh Barnea at Petra ... However, after Pharaoh Shishak destroyed the entire network of fortresses, the border moved east to share the water. At that time, Egypt and Israel agreed that the border divided the springs so that each had two, Qudeirat is the location that the Jews built to protect the water at Qudeirat and Kades. Egypt ... by the author sometimes in conjunction with Z. Meshel (Cohen 1970: 6-24; 1976: 3450; Meshel 1977: 110-35). The fortresses were built according to one of three distinct ground plans-being either roughly oval, rectangular, or square-but clearly belong to the same historical period. In the author's opinion, they were established by King Solomon. As is well known, he was a powerful and energetic ruler, who sought to consolidate the gains of his predecessor, David, by fortifying cities, constructing storehouses, and founding distant trading posts-such as Ezion-geber, on the Red Sea shores. Accordingly, a network of Central Negev fortresses would have served both in protecting the vital ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-southern-border-judah-territory.htm | 45% Size: 114K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 44: | The Fortress at Kadesh-Barnea, Moshe Dothan, Ein el-Qudeirat ... are scattered remains of many temporary and permanent settlements, dating from the Palaeolithic, the Middle Bronze I and the Israelite, the Persian and the Roman-Byzantine periods. ... THE FORTRESS (Fig. 1) Click to View The fortress of Kadesh-barnea is built in the form of a rectangle, about 60 X 41 m in size. The rampants of the fortress are casemated. They are ... was con-structed of stone, filled with rubble and surrounded by a glacis; at least part of the first storey was also built of stone, while the second storey was built of brick A difficult problem left unsolved by our excavations was the location of the gate. ... Y. Aharoni during a survey at `Ein Qudeis, and especially at Ramat Matred in the central Negev4. At all these sites, pottery of this type dates from the 10th century or the start of ... Fortresses with casemate walls were built in Palestine from the 11th century to the 7th century B.C.E. From the ceramic finds, it is clear that this fortress was constructed in the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-fortress-at-kadesh-barnea-dothan-1965ad.htm | 45% Size: 22K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 45: | Jezirat Faraun: Is This Solomon's Seaport? Alexander Flinder ... They went with Solomon's men to Ophir, and obtained there 450 talents of gold, which they brought to King Solomon" (2 Chronicles 8:17-18). Solomon had previously sought assistance from Hiram, king of Tyre, when Solomon built the Holy Temple in ... Glueck also pointed to what he thought was copper slag at the site and extensive sulfuric discoloration of the walls of the smelting furnace. The location of the site itself was significant. It was positioned precisely where the north winds from ... Then in 1962 Beno Rothenberg, who had served as Glueck's chief assistant and photographer, published a paper entitled "Ancient Copper Industries in the Western Arabah" in the Palestine Exploration Quarterly.6 Under the auspices of Tel Aviv University, ... We soon abandoned this idea when it became apparent how common this pottery was at contemporary sites in the Negev."7 Glueck also revised his view of the natural advantages of the location of Tell el-Kheleifeh: "The location of the tell in the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-jezirat-faraun-is-this-solomons-seaport-alexander-flinder-1989ad.htm | 44% Size: 36K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 46: | 495-399 BC: The Judean Elephantine Egyptian Papyrus letters to ... ... When the cured Aramean leper Naaman wanted to worship YHWH in his homeland, he took with him two mule-loads of Israelite earth (2 Kings 5:15ff)." (Did the Ark Stop at Elephantine?, Bezalel Porten, ... They have recently been the subject of intensive investigation (with corrections of some mistakes made by earlier scholars) by Bezalel Porten of Hebrew University. The documents date from 495 to 399 ... Exactly when the Temple was built is unknown, but it was sometime prior to the Persian conquest of Egypt in 525 B.C.E. Jedaniah, the Jewish communal leader at Elephantine, wrote to Bagohi, the Persian ... TAD B2.1-4, B2.7, B2.10; B3.4-5, B3.7, B3.10-12=AP 5, 6, 8, 9, 13, 25; BM 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 12), from which the actual location of different domiciles in Elephantine can be reconstructed, even if with ... of the temple is uncertain and perhaps unlikely given the Judean Negev was under attack by the Edomites starting in 605 BC until they burned Solomon's temple with the Babylonians in 587 BC. c. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-manuscripts-archeology-Elephantine-papyrus-Egypt-Aswan-Syene-Darius-persian-Jewish-colony-temple-burned-Bagohi-Sanballat-passover-wine-fortress-Ezek29-10-495-399BC.htm | 44% Size: 249K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 47: | The Water Supply and Distribution System of the Nabataean City ... ... This subterranean canal indicates that low-angle surveying technology was already understood - perhaps a borrowing from Greek and Roman geometric traditions (Cohen & Drabkin 1966; Lewis 2001). Combined with ... The superimposed grid system (A,B,C;1,2,3) serves to define an area coordinate system composed of 1 km2 grid boxes to permit approximate location of various features mentioned in this discussion. The urban core of Petra lies in a valley surrounded by high mountainous terrain (Fig. 1). Seasonal rainfall runoff passes into the valley through many canyon ... These again indicate built-in supply redundancy from multiple sources. Some of the larger reservoirs, therefore, ap- pear to function in connection with a spring supply system and are situated to collect seasonal ... Akasheh, T., 2003. Nabataean and modern watershed management around the Siq and Wadi Mousa in Petra, in Hashemite University Report, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan. Zarqa: Hashemite University Press, 1-15. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-water-supply-of-petra-charles-r-ortloff-2005.htm | 43% Size: 71K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 48: | Peutinger Map: A Translation of Bible Cities and the Exodus Route ... Those favoring the later end of the chronological spectrum generally point to the presence and prominence of the name "Constantinopolis," a city built over the preexisting Byzantium and consecrated in ... It makes it unlikely that they are churches but in fact are Roman towns, outposts and fortresses. On the Madaba map below are round roofed churches at Shechem and at EAKAIOY. f. "The two terminus towns, Jerusalem and Ashkelon, both appear on the map with a pictorial symbol, or vignette: a pair of twin towers with a first-story door and a window in the gabled roof (see fig. 18). Nearly 78 percent ... (unless one takes the delineation in red [versus pale brown] of the name and physical location of the Mount of Olives as such an indicator [see n. 12 below], despite the fact that the iconic ... (Arish, Tharu) B. Judea, Syria, Jordan: 1. Azoton (Ashdod, Azotus) 2. Ioppe (Joppa, Tel Aviv) 3. Ascalone (Ashkelon) 4. Betogabri (Beth Guvrin, Eleutheropolis) "By the early Severan period ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-Tabula-Peutingeriana-Peutinger-map-byzantine-cities-towns-list-translation-Israel-mount-sinai-gulf-of-aqaba-1265ad.htm | 43% Size: 74K Depth: 2 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 49: | bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rami-g-khouri-petra ... ... An inscription from Oboda in the Negev refers to Rabel II as 'King of the Nabataeans, who brought life and deliverance to his people'. THE ROMAN ERA Rabbel II's death in 106, combined with a possible decline in the former power of the Nabataean ... Dr Salah K. Hamarneh of the University of Jordan suggests the remnants of the Nabataeans who still lived in southern Jordan so resented the Roman-Byzantine dominance of their former kingdom and capital city Petra that they allied themselves with ... The Crusader presence in the Middle East was significantly curtailed by 1188/9, after the Arab forces of Salaheddeen (Saladin) defeated them in 1187 at the Battle of Hittin. At least two Crusader fortresses built at Petra can be visited today. The main one ... Sultan Baibars' passage through the city suggests that for the same reasons that Petra flourished in antiquity - the availability of water sources and a strategic location astride one of the few practicable land routes to Egypt - it must have ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rami-g-khouri-petra-a-guide-to-the-capital-of-the-nabataeans-1986ad.htm | 43% Size: 48K Depth: 5 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
| 50: | They are digging up Bible stories! Start Page ... Since Constantine proclaimed it Mt. Sinai in 325 AD, the Roman Catholic church will never look elsewhere. Since the Orthodox church built St. Catherine's Monastery in 550 AD at the foot of Mt. Sinai, they won't even discuss the possibility of another location. Although we have escaped the dark ages of science, we are still held in the ... In facts the people who produce the Bible maps rely upon atheistic archeologists and university professors who already see the Bible as a book of myth and contradiction. On the other hand, most gospel preachers regard ... For an detailed summary of the search for Kadesh Barnea see also: Chronological History of "The search for Kadesh" Bible trashing archeologists like Finkelstein, Rothenberg and Pratico are losing the battle of promoting ... This book also inspired the work of Israel Finkelstein. ... Thus, Jezreel, Arad, the Negev Highlands, and Taanach may be taken as 'mini-anchors' in the problematic 400-year time-span described above. Evaluation of these ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-start-here.htm | 43% Size: 28K Depth: 4 Find Similar Match Info Show Parents |
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